http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shizuo Yamada,Shiori Kuraoka,Yoshihiko Ito 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2012 International Neurourology Journal Vol.16 No.3
The in vivo muscarinic receptor binding of antimuscarinic agents (oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, and imidafenacin) used to treat urinary dysfunction in patients with overactive bladder is reviewed. Transdermal administration of oxybutynin in rats leads to significant binding of muscarinic receptors in the bladder without long-term binding in the submaxillary gland and the abolishment of salivation evoked by oral oxybutynin. Oral solifenacin shows significant and long-lasting binding to muscarinic receptors in mouse tissues expressing the M3 subtype. Oral tolterodine binds more selectively to muscarinic receptors in the bladder than in the submaxillary gland in mice. The muscarinic receptor binding of oral imidafenacin in rats is more selective and longer-lasting in the bladder than in other tissues such as the submaxillary gland, heart, colon, lung, and brain, suggesting preferential muscarinic receptor binding in the bladder. In vivo quantitative autoradiography with (+)N-[11C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate in rats shows significant occupancy of brain muscarinic receptors with the intravenous injection of oxybutynin, solifenacin, and tolterodine. The estimated in vivo selectivity in brain is significantly greater for solifenacin and tolterodine than for oxybutynin. Imidafenacin occupies few brain muscarinic receptors. Similar findings for oral oxybutynin were observed with positron emission tomography in conscious rhesus monkeys with a significant disturbance of short-term memory. The newer generation of antimuscarinic agents may be advantageous in terms of bladder selectivity after systemic administration.
Muniyappan Rajiv Gandhi,Manabu Yamada,Yoshihiko Kondo,Atsushi Shibayama,Fumio Hamada 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.30 No.-
p-Sulfonatothiacalix[6]arene was impregnated onto commercial polymeric resins. The platinum groupmetals sorption experiments were carried and maximum PGM sorption was observed at pH 4 in 180 min. The 1-loaded IRA-400, IRA-411, and XAD-7 showed Pd SCs of 279, 265, and 135 mg/g, respectively. ThePGM SCs of 1-loaded IRA-400, IRA-411 are found to be Pd > Pt > Rh. All the impregnated resins followedFreundlich isotherm and Pd sorption was exothermic. The kinetic studies demonstrate that Pd sorptionfollows pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. 1-Loaded XAD-7 selectively adsorbs ofPd ions from an automotive catalyst residue leached solution.
Park, Hong Soo,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Hwang, Ho Seong,Kim, Sang Chul,Arimoto, Nobuo,Yamada, Yoshihiko,Tamura, Naoyuki,Onodera, Masato IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.759 No.2
<P>We present a spectroscopic analysis of the metallicities, ages, and alpha-elements of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy (gE) NGC 4636 in the Virgo Cluster. Line indices of the GCs are measured from the integrated spectra obtained with Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope. We derive [Fe/H] values of 59 GCs based on the Brodie & Huchra method, and [Z/H], age, and [alpha/Fe] values of 33 GCs from the comparison of the Lick line indices with single stellar population models. The metallicity distribution of NGC 4636 GCs shows a hint of a bimodality with two peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.23(sigma = 0.32) and -0.35(sigma = 0.19). The age spread is large from 2 Gyr to 15 Gyr and the fraction of young GCs with age < 5 Gyr is about 27%. The [alpha/Fe] of the GCs shows a broad distribution with a mean value [alpha/Fe] approximate to 0.14 dex. The dependence of these chemical properties on the galactocentric radius is weak. We also derive the metallicities, ages, and [alpha/Fe] values for the GCs in other nearby gEs (M87, M49, M60, NGC 5128, NGC 1399, and NGC 1407) from the line index data in the literature using the same methods as used for NGC 4636 GCs. The metallicity distribution of GCs in the combined sample of seven gEs including NGC 4636 is found to be bimodal, supported by the KMM test with a significance level of > 99.9%. All these gEs harbor some young GCs with ages less than 5 Gyr. The mean age of the metal-rich GCs ([Fe/H] > -0.9) is about 3 Gyr younger than that of the metal-poor GCs. The mean value of [alpha/Fe] of the gE GCs is smaller than that of the Milky Way GCs. We discuss these results in the context of GC formation in gEs.</P>