Effect of oxidizing treatment on electrocatalytic activity of boron‑doped amorphous carbon thin films

Chen‑Song Wang,Ni Suo,Hao Huang,Ai‑min Wu,Guo‑Zhong Cao,Gui‑Feng Zhang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

Boron-doped amorphous carbon (BDAC) thin films with a regular oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity were synthesized in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition device using a mixture of CH4 and H2 as a gas source and B2O3 as a boron source and then oxidized in air at 380–470 °C for 15–75 min. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests were used to characterize the physical and electrochemical properties of the BDAC catalysts. It was concluded that the BDAC catalyst oxidized at 450 °C for 45 min showed the best ORR catalytic activity in alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction potential and the transfer electron number n, respectively, are − 0.286 V versus Ag/AgCl and 3.24 from the rotating disk electrode experiments. The treated carbon film has better methanol resistance and stability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst.

Managerial Mechanism Design Theory:The Concept and Framework with Applications in Emergency Management

An Chen,Yannan Wu,Ning Chen 위기관리 이론과 실천 2012 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.2 No.2

Mechanism design theory (MDT) which gained Nobel Prize in 2007 provides a formal way to mechanism design in Economics. It not only emphasizes on the phenomenon of modern economics, also gives an idea on the engineering side of economic theory, in particular, the implications for economic policy making. Despite the success of MDT in economics, it is difficultly migrated to management field. In managerial practices, especially emergent situation, people cannot make free choice and voluntary exchange due to the fact that some policies are sing-directed or half-compulsory. While the managerial mechanism is actively investigated for specific usages, a less studied issue is to study the unified framework of managerial mechanism which is of major importance to managers. This paper aims to provide a unified framework of managerial mechanism with an attempt to provide some insights into the fundamental of managerial mechanism design. Firstly, we discuss the difference between economical and managerial mechanism design from the perspectives of background, basic hypothesis, and weak obligation characteristic. Afterwards, we propose a unified framework of managerial mechanism design theory, composed of an order seven-tuple and some fundamental design modes. Lastly, we give a case study to show the applicability of the proposed mechanism design theory in emergency management.

Exploring the low PM2.5 exposure routes for bicycle commuters in Taipei and Seoul by machine learning models - a pilot study

Tzong-Gang Wu(Tzong-Gang Wu),Bang-Hua Chen(Bang-Hua Chen),Kiyoung Lee(Kiyoung Lee),Chang-Fu Wu(Chang-Fu Wu) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2021 No.2

Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates cisplatin-induced learning and memory impairments

Chen Chen,Haifeng Zhang,Hongliang Xu,Yake Zheng,Tianwen Wu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a dominant component from the extract of Panax ginseng root,exhibits neuroprotective functions in many neurological diseases. This study was intended to investigatewhether Rb1 can attenuate cisplatin-induced memory impairments and explore the potentialmechanisms. Methods: Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 5 mg/kg/wk, and Rb1 was administeredin drinking water at the dose of 2 mg/kg/d to rats for 5 consecutive wk. The novel objects recognition taskand Morris water maze were used to detect the memory of rats. Nissl staining was used to examine theneuron numbers in the hippocampus. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase,cholineacetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and the levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species,acetylcholine, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, and interleukin-10 were measured by ELISAto assay the oxidative stress, cholinergic function, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Results: Rb1 administration effectively ameliorates the memory impairments caused by cisplatin in bothnovel objects recognition task and Morris water maze task. Rb1 also attenuates the neuronal loss inducedby cisplatin in the different regions (CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus) of the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Rb1 isable to rescue the cholinergic neuron function, inhibit the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation incisplatin-induced rat brain. Conclusion: Rb1 rescues the cisplatin-induced memory impairment via restoring the neuronal loss byreducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and recovering the cholinergic neuron functions.

Comparison of Equivalent Oxide Thickness and Electrical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited Hafnium Zirconate Dielectrics with Thermal or Decoupled Plasma Nitridation Process

Chen-Kuo Chiang,Chien-Hung Wu,Chin-Chien Liu,Jin-Fu Lin,Chien-Lun Yang,Jiun-Yuan Wu,Shui-Jinn Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.5

The NH3 thermal annealing and decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) processes are compared for the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling of atomic-layer-deposited hafnium zirconate (HfZrO2) gate dielectric. Detailed physical, optical, and electrical characteristics of nitrided HfZrO2 (HfZrON) film are reported. It is found that DPN can yield a thinner SiOx interfacial layer (IL) (about 0.12 nm more in terms of EOT scaling)and a more densified HfZrO2 layer compared to those obtained using NH3 thermal annealing at a 16% nitrogen dose. NH3 thermal nitridation causes a large nitrogen distribution tail at the SiOx IL/Si substrate interface and increases leakage current, which suppresses EOT scalability.

Internal filament modulation in low-dielectric gap design for built-in selector-less resistive switching memory application

Chen, Ying-Chen,Lin, Chih-Yang,Huang, Hui-Chun,Kim, Sungjun,Fowler, Burt,Chang, Yao-Feng,Wu, Xiaohan,Xu, Gaobo,Chang, Ting-Chang,Lee, Jack C IOP 2018 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.51 No.5

<P>Sneak path current is a severe hindrance for the application of high-density resistive random-access memory (RRAM) array designs. In this work, we demonstrate nonlinear (NL) resistive switching characteristics of a HfO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>/SiO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>-based stacking structure as a realization for selector-less RRAM devices. The NL characteristic was obtained and designed by optimizing the internal filament location with a low effective dielectric constant in the HfO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>/SiO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB> structure. The stacking HfO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>/SiO<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>-based RRAM device as the one-resistor-only memory cell is applicable without needing an additional selector device to solve the sneak path issue with a switching voltage of ~1 V, which is desirable for low-power operating in built-in nonlinearity crossbar array configurations.</P>

Male Infertility Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Chen Peng-Ciao,Chen Yu-Ju,Yang Chia-Chen,Lin Ting-Ti,Huang Chien-Chu,Chung Chi-Hsiang,Sun Chien-An,Chien Wu-Chien 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.3

Purpose: Some evidence suggests that male infertility increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the evidence in Asian populations is relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to determine whether male infertility increases the risk of CVDs. Materials and Methods: We used inpatient and outpatient data for the years 2000 to 2015 from the Taiwanese Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We enrolled 7,016 males over 18 years old and diagnosed with male infertility. Of these, 2,326 matched our inclusion criteria and were assigned to the study group. For each infertility patient, four comparison patients were frequency-matched by age and index date to form a control cohort comprising 9,304 patients. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the association between male infertility and CVDs. Results: After a 15-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CVDs was higher in the infertility group than the control group (1,460.23 and 1,073.70 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for CVDs was 1.472 for the infertility group (95% CI, 1.288–1.683; p<0.001) relative to the control group. The Kaplan–Meier analysis of the cumulative incidence of CVDs in the two groups showed that the cumulative risk curve for CVDs was significantly higher for the infertility group than the control group. Conclusions: This study shows that men with infertility have a higher risk of developing incident CVDs. In the future, healthcare providers should pay attention to these patients because of their higher health risks.

Characteristics and heterostructure of metal-doped TiO2/ZnO nanocatalysts

Chen Wu-Jhang,Hsu Kuo-Chin,Fang Te-Hua,Chen Tao-Hsing,Li Ming-Hao 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.38 No.-

In this study, Ag or Al-doped TiO2/ZnO heterostructure nanocatalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method for photocatalysis to evaluate the degradability. The photocatalytic behavior was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Photocatalytic studies suggested that 1 mol% Agdoped TiO2/ZnO (TiO2/ZnO = 0.75/0.25) heterostructure nanocatalysts showed higher photocatalytic activity, and that the degradation efficiency can reach 83% in 4 h, 14% higher than that for pure TiO2. Finally, the photocatalysis mechanism for the Ag-doped TiO2/ZnO heterostructure nanocatalysts is discussed.

Application of Genetic Information to Cochlear Implantation in Clinical Practice

Wu Chen-Chi 대한청각학회 2024 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.28 No.2

Cochlear implantation is currently the treatment of choice for children with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI). However, the outcomes with cochlear implant (CI) vary significantly among recipients. Genetic diagnosis offers direct clues regarding the pathogenesis of SNHI, which facilitates the development of personalized medicine for potential candidates for CI. In this article, I present a comprehensive overview of the usefulness of genetic information in clinical decision-making for CI. Genetically confirmed diagnosis enables clinicians to: 1) monitor the evolution of SNHI and determine the optimal surgical timing, 2) predict the potential benefits of CI in patients with identified genetic etiology, and 3) select CI devices/electrodes tailored to patients with specific genetic mutations.

Unascertained Measure-Set Pair Analysis Model of Collapse Risk Evaluation in Mountain Tunnels and Its Engineering Application

Wu Chen,Guohua Zhang,Yuyong Jiao,Hao Wang 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.2

Collapse is a major geological disaster that occurs during mountain tunnel construction. However, the accuracy of collapse risk assessment is generally restricted by evaluation factors or methods. This paper proposes a novel integrated collapse risk evaluation method for mountain tunnels based on case-based reasoning, rough set theory, and unascertained measure-set pair analysis (UM-SPA) theory. First, the risk surroundings and risk factors involved in tunnel collapse are summarized by the analytic hierarchy process, and a preliminary risk evaluation index system is established. Then, an attribute reduction algorithm based on the conditional information entropy of a rough set is proposed and applied to cases with similar attribute characteristics as those of the tunnel to be evaluated, to remove the relatively insignificant or redundant indices and improve the reliability of risk assessment. Finally, taking the relationship between tunnel collapse and its evaluation indices as an unascertained system, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) theory is introduced to optimize the credible degree recognition criteria of unascertained measure theory (UMT). Combined with the modified entropy weight method, a UM-SPA model for tunnel collapse risk evaluation is established to calculate the level of collapse risk quantitatively and predict the development trend of risk dynamically. Taking Xiucun Tunnel passing through fault F18 as an example, collapse risk is evaluated and compared with the evaluation results of traditional UMT and field status. The results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach and provide a new idea for collapse risk prediction while constructing mountain tunnels.