Comparison of Equivalent Oxide Thickness and Electrical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited Hafnium Zirconate Dielectrics with Thermal or Decoupled Plasma Nitridation Process

Chen-Kuo Chiang,Chien-Hung Wu,Chin-Chien Liu,Jin-Fu Lin,Chien-Lun Yang,Jiun-Yuan Wu,Shui-Jinn Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.5

The NH3 thermal annealing and decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) processes are compared for the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling of atomic-layer-deposited hafnium zirconate (HfZrO2) gate dielectric. Detailed physical, optical, and electrical characteristics of nitrided HfZrO2 (HfZrON) film are reported. It is found that DPN can yield a thinner SiOx interfacial layer (IL) (about 0.12 nm more in terms of EOT scaling)and a more densified HfZrO2 layer compared to those obtained using NH3 thermal annealing at a 16% nitrogen dose. NH3 thermal nitridation causes a large nitrogen distribution tail at the SiOx IL/Si substrate interface and increases leakage current, which suppresses EOT scalability.

A case study of reinforced concrete short column under earthquake using experimental and theoretical investigations

Chen, Chen-Yuan,Liu, Kuo-Chiang,Liu, Yuh-Wehn,Huang, Wehn-Jiunn Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations of R.C. short column subjected to horizontal forces under constant compressive loading. Eight specimens with section of 40 cm ${\times}$ 40 cm, height 40 cm and 50 cm and different type hoop were used of the steel cage to detect the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete short columns. Hoop spacing of column, strength of concrete, and the axial load of experiments were the three main parameters in this test. A series of equations were derived to reveal the theory could be used on analysis short column, too. Through test failure model of R.C short column being established, the type of hoop affects the behavior R.C short column in ductility rather than in strength. And the effect of analysis by Truss Model is evident and reliable in shear failure model of short column.

A case study of reinforced concrete short column under earthquake using experimental and theoretical investigations

Chen-Yuan Chen,Kuo-Chiang Liu,Yuh-Wehn Liu,Wehn-Jiunn Huang 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations of R.C. short column subjected to horizontal forces under constant compressive loading. Eight specimens with section of 40 cm × 40 cm, height 40 cm and 50 cm and different type hoop were used of the steel cage to detect the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete short columns. Hoop spacing of column, strength of concrete, and the axial load of experiments were the three main parameters in this test. A series of equations were derived to reveal the theory could be used on analysis short column, too. Through test failure model of R.C short column being established, the type of hoop affects the behavior R.C short column in ductility rather than in strength. And the effect of analysis by Truss Model is evident and reliable in shear failure model of short column.

ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD

CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Attentuates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammation in Rat Livers

Kuo-Hsin Chen,Bor-Ru Lin,Chiang-Ting Chien,Chien-Hsin Ho 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7

Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to liver injury. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is rich in vitamin C, gallic acid, flavonoids, and tannins, which may protect against hepatoxicity-induced liver injury. We elucidated the effects of supplementary Amla (100 mg/kg of body weight) on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced injury by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses in the liver and bile, the degree of accumulated leukocytes and Kupffer cell infiltration, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal stains, apoptosis and autophagy, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) levels, and antioxidant/oxidant enzymes in rats. Amla was more potent than vitamin C in scavenging O_2^−·, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. N-Nitrosodiethylamine increased ROS production in liver and bile, hepatic Kupffer cell and leukocyte infiltration, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal accumulations, apoptosis and autophagy, and plasma ALT, AST, and γ-GT levels in the rats, decreased hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase protein expressions, and enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expressions. Amla significantly preserved MnSOD and catalase expressions and decreased iNOS and CYP2E1 protein expressions in N-nitrosodiethylamine-treated livers. Amla decreased N-nitrosodiethylamine-enhanced hepatic apoptosis and autophagy appearances via down-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Beclin-1 expression. Thus Amla supplementation counteracts N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury via its antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-autophagy properties.

Issues in Simulating Falling Weight Deflectometer Test on Concrete Pavements

Chen-Ming Kuo,Chih-Chiang Lin,Cheng-Hao Huang,Yi-Cheng Lai 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.2

Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) produces pavement responses using a falling mass drop. This study investigated the features involved in the finite element modeling of FWD tests to help in the calibration of backcalculation. Falling mass, model size, subgrade damping, and boundary conditions were studied to reveal the significances of these factors on pavement responses. By modeling the falling mass in finite element models, this study has justified the idea that field-measured time history of impact force can be used as an alternative to falling mass. It is also concluded that subgrade damping, self-weight of slab, and boundary conditions are significant in modeling and interpretation of FWD finite element analysis. Finite element model with at least six times radius of relative stiffness is required to simulate dynamic responses of a continuously reinforced concrete slab.

Sustainable Development Strategy for CasinoIndustry of Hualien Area

Shiunn-Der Kuo,Ching-Sung Chiang,Chia-Yon Chen 세계문화관광학회 2008 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.1 No.1

In the past years, liberalizing casino operation in Taiwan has been long a controversial issue. They questioned why Hualien shouldn't follow the path to success in Las Vegas to resolve poverty and economical depression commonly occurred in Hualien area. Due to tourism downturn in recent years, as a result aggravating the budget deficit of local government, casino establishment is urgently considered as a way to prosper local economic activities. Casinos will be legally established at the time of ripeness in the near future. Based on this assumption, this study summarizes preliminarily a number issues potentially present on the development of gaming business at Hualien with respect to infrastructure and tourism development at Hualien according to the analyses of reviewing the literature on the definition and categories of casino, influence of gaming industry in all aspects, and current situation and perspective of tourism development at Hualien. This study firstly employed Participatory Local Appraisal to form a consensus from local resident for sustainable development of Hualien area. Then, SWOT matrix analysis, expert judged Fuzzy Delphi method to determine the most valuable issues on the development of casino industry at Hualien in both respects.

Sustainable Development Strategy for CasinoIndustIy of Hualien Area

( Shiunn-der Kuo ),( Ching-sung Chiang ),( Chia-yon Chen ) 세계문화관광학회 2008 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.1 No.1

In the past years, liberalizing casino operation inTaiwan has been long a controversial issue. They questioned why Hualien shouldn``t follow the path to success in Las Vegas to resolve povelty and economical depression commonly occun``ed in Hualien area. Due to tourism downtum in recent years, as a result aggravating the budget deficit of local government, casino establishment is urgently considered as a way to prosper local economic activities. Casinos will be legally established at the time of ripeness in the near future. Based on this assumption, this study summarizes preliminarily a number issues potentially present on the development of gaming business at Hualien with respect to infi-asnucture and tourism development at Hualien according to the analyses of reviewing the literature on the definition and categories of casino, influence of gaming indusny in all aspects, and cun``Cntsituation and perspective of tourism development at Hualien. This study firstly employed Participatory Local Appraisal to form a consensus from local resident for sustainable development of Hualien area. Then, SWOT matrix analysis, expert judged Fuzzy Delphi method to determine the most valuable issues on the development of casino industly at Hualien in both respects.

Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Structure and Optical Property of Zn(S,O) Films

Du-Cheng Tsai,Bing-Hau Kuo,Zue-Chin Chang,Erh-Chiang Chen,Fuh-Sheng Shieu 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.1

This paper presents the influence of process parameters, including sputtering power, oxygen partial pressure (RO), and substrate temperature on the optical property of Zn(S,O) thin films fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology and deposited on glass substrates. The chemical composition, structural and optical properties of the samples were investigated by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and spectrophotometer. All the films mainly exhibited β-ZnS phase with (111) preferred orientation. [S]/([S]+[O]) ratio increased at high sputtering power, low RO, and low substrate temperature. Moderate ranges in sputtering power and substrate temperature and low RO resulted in large grain size. Adatoms are expected to exhibit increased mobility under these conditions. Average transmittance exceeded 75% in the visible wavelength region. Bandgap under these conditions was dominated strongly by the change in grain size and [S]/([S]+[O]) ratio. Optical properties of Zn(S,O) thin films could be modified, which is promising for optoelectronic applications.

A Hybrid Grey Model to Forecast the Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall

Yong-Jun Lin,Pin-Chan Lee,Kuo-Chen Ma,Chih-Chiang Chiu 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.11

This study proposes a hybrid grey model for forecasting annual maximum daily rainfall in order to determine long-term hydrological system trends. The proposed model uses an integral form of background value to improve accuracy, and applies two residual operators, the Fourier series and the exponential smoothing technique, to correct periodic and stochastic errors. The annual maximum daily rainfall measured by 5 stations around Taiwan are used to validation the proposed model. The performance of the proposed hybrid grey model is compared with those of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. By evaluation of different indicators, it is shown that the proposed model outperforms both compared models. With more precise information, the proposed model will allow government officials and civil engineering-related industries to better prepare for heavy rainfall, averting potential disasters.