탈아미노반응과 니트로화 반응을 이용한 아닐린과 이소퀴놀린 유도체의 합성

홍장후,김운겸,최상회 서울産業大學校 1999 논문집 Vol.49 No.2

This study is to develop a new synthetic method for the nitroarenes vis non-electrophilic substitution. Direct nitration at the C-1 position of isoquinoline has never been reported and substitution in isoquionoline under the normal nitration condition occurs at C-5 and C-8. We have demonstrated a facile one-step sythetic method for the nitration of isoqunolines at the C-1 position, which involves the electrophilic attack of a DMSO-Ac₂O complex, followed by nucleophilic addition of nitrate ion the this intermeddiate. Since the reaction is simple and mild, this method has preparative merit since 1-nitroisoqunolines are nto readily accessible by other methods. Application to the synthesis of poly nitroarenes from the corresponding anilines was also described.

3DFT-CISS를 이용한 감각신경성 난청 환자의 MBI

김성원,여상원,김상후,김종수,조재흥,이동희,이승균 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

입원환자를 대상으로 한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 치료요인 연구

이후경,김선재,윤성철,이규항,홍향희,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 개인정신치료와 집단정신치료의 훈련을 받은 정신과 의사라면 누구든지 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 우리나라 입원환자에게 적합한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 모델을 개발하고, 이를 입원환자에게 적용한 후 치료요인을 조사하여, 입원환자 치료에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 1998년 3월부터 1998년 9월까지 계요병원 입원환자 싸이코드라마에 참가한 모든 환자들과, 보조자아로 참석한 모든 치료팀을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 환자가 346명(남자 152명, 여자 194명)이었고, 치료팀은 총 60명이었다. 환자에게는 13가지 치료요인 척도, 싸이코드라마에 대한 일반적인 태도 척도, 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였으며, 치료팀에게는 13가지 치료요인과 환자에게 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였다. 환자집단은 관객, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유(sharing)시간에 참여한 환자, 주인공으로 나누어 치료요인을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 먼저, 환자의 관점에서 본 치료요인은 다음과 같다. 1) 싸이코드라마에서의 역할에 관계없이 거의 대부분의 환자집단에서 실존적 인지와 일차가족집단의 교정적 감정경험을 매우 중시하였다. 2) 주인공, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유시간에 참여한 환자와 같이 어떤 형태로든 싸이코드라마에 직접적으로 참여한 환자들은 사회화 기술의 발달을 중시하였으며, 보다 직접적인 형태인 행동으로 참가한 주인공이나 보조자아의 경우 카타르시스를 중시하였다. 3) 주인공을 제외한 모든 환자들은 희망의 고취를 중시하였다. 4) 관객의 경우 치료자와 환자에 대한 동일시와 보편성을 중시하였다. 환자와의 동일시는 공유에 참가한 환자의 경우 특히 중시하였고, 보편성은 보조자아로 참가한 환자의 경우 또한 중시하였다. 다음으로 치료팀이 평가한 치료요인을 환자들이 평가한 치료요인과 비교하면, 치료팀은 환자들보다 집단응집력을 더 중시하였으며, 반면 환자들이 중시한 사회화 기술의 발달과 치료자나 환자에 대한 동일시는 매우 낮게 평가하였다. 결 론 : 환자들의 역할에 따라 세분화하여 조사한 치료요인을 통해 입원환자 대집단 싸이코드라마의 특성과 환자의 역할에 따른 치료요인의 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 모델은 입원환자 치료에 쉽게 적용될 수 있었으며, 전체적으로 많은 환자들에게 도움이 되었다. Objectives : This study was performed to make a model of large group psychodrama suitable for Korean inpatients and easy for psychiatrists trained in the individual psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy to use, to investigate the therapeutic factors after applying this model to inpatients, and then to contribute to the treatment of inpatients. Methods : The study subjects were all the inpatients and the therapists(the auxiliary ego's) who participated in psychodrama from March 1998 to September 1998. The subjects were composed of 346 inpatients (152 males, 194 female) and 60 therapists. To the inpatients 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale, Scale of General Attitude to Psychodrama, and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administerd. To the therapists 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. The inpatient group were divided into 4 groups(the audience, the auxiliary ego's, the participants in sharing, the protagonists). The therapeutic factors among 4 groups were compared. Results : First, the therapeutic factors described by the inpatients group were as follows : 1) Most inpatients made great account of ‘existential factor’ and ‘the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group’ regardless of their roles in psychodrama. 2) The inpatients who participated in psychodrama directly as the protagonists, the auxiliary ego's, or the participants in sharing made much account of ‘development of socializing techniques’. The inpatients who participated in psychodrama more directly as the protagonists or the auxiliary ego's made much account of ‘catharsis’. 3) All the inpatients except the protagonists made much account of ‘instillation of hope’. 4) The audience made much account of 'identification' and 'universality'. Especially,'identification with members' was much accounted of by the participants in sharing. ‘Universality’ also was much accounted of by the auxiliary ego's. Next, when we compared the therapeutic factors in the inpatient group with those in the therapist group, the therapist group made much account of ‘group cohesiveness’ which the inpatient group made little account of. And the therapist group made no account of ‘development of socializing techniques’which the inpatient group made much account of. Conclusion : By dividing the inpatient group according to their roles, we found the characteristics of the inpatient large group psychodrama and of the therapeutic factors according to the roles of the inpatients. This model could be applied to the treatment for the inpatients easily and was helpful to many inpatients on the whole.

肉用種鷄의 體內 脂肪蓄積分布에 關한 硏究

金載弘,文勝周,金相厚 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1988 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.23 No.-

生存鷄로부터 體內 蓄積脂肪量을 좀더 정확히 脂定하는데 必要한 기초자료를 얻고자 體內脂肪의 蓄積分布特性을 살펴보았다. 供試材料는 白色 Comish種과 白色 Plymouth Rock種 및 이 두 品種間 交雜種의 56日羚 암탉이었으며 얻어진 결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 8週羚時 屠殺된 Comish種, 雜種 및 Rock種의 體重은 各各 1715.6g, 1500.9g 및 1481.9g이었고, 體脂肪總量은 각각 173.5g, 156.7g 및 128.0g 으로 이 두 形質 모두 Rock種에서 有意的으로 작지만 p중에 대한 體脂肪總量 比率은 9.7%內外로 鷄種間에 有意差가 없었다. 2) 體種에 대한 皮下脂肪量 比率은 Comish種과 雜種에서 5.8%와 5.7%로 Rock種의 4.7%보다 有意的으로 높지만 體脂肪總量에 대한 皮下脂肪量 比率은 各各 57.2%, 55.5%, 및 53.4%로 鷄種間에 有意差가 인정되지 않았다. 筋肉脂肪量은 皮下脂肪量과는 달리 28.9g內外로 鷄種間 差異가 없고 體種에 대한 筋肉脂肪量은 比率도 1.8% 內外로 差異가 없다. 그러나 體脂肪總量에 대한 筋肉脂肪量의 比率은 Comish種과 雜種에서 各各 16.8%와 18.4%로 Rock種의 22.4%보다 현저히 낮다.(p,0.05) Rock種의 腹腔脂肪量(31.2g)은 Comish種(45.4g)에 비해 有意的(p,0.05)으로 적다. 그리고 腹腔脂肪量의 體重에 대한 比率이나 體脂肪總量에 대한 比率도 Rock種에서 各各 21%와 24.2%로 Comish種의 2.6%와 26.0%보다 낮은 경향을 보이나 有意性은 인정되지 않았다. 3) 皮下脂肪量, 筋肉脂肪量, 및 腹腔脂肪量의 體重에 대한 比率이나 體脂肪總量에 대한 比率은 모두가 體重의 大中小群間에 有意差가 나지 않았다. 따라서 前迷한 形質들의 鷄種間 差異는 體重의 差異 때문에 發生한 것이 아니다. 4) 體 各部位內 蓄積脂肪量間 相關係數의 鷄種間差異는 有意性이 인정되지 않았다. 調査鷄 全體로 計算된 體 各部位의 蓄積脂肪量間 相關係數는 皮下脂肪量과 腹腔脂肪間에 높고(r=0.51, p,0.01), 筋肉脂肪量과 皮下脂肪量間(r=0.13) 및 筋肉脂肪量과 腹腔脂肪量間(r=0.15)에는 有意性이 인정되지 않았다. This study was conducted to obtain more detailed informations on the characteristics of body fat distribution in meat type chicken breeders. A total of 30 birds 10 female chicks for White Cornish, White Plymouth Rock and Crossbred of these two breeds, were used. All birds were examined at 8 weeks of age, and the results obtained in this study were summerized as follows . 1) The body weights and total body fat amounts of cornish breed(1715.6g. and 173.5g.) and Crossbred(1500.9g. and 156.7g ) were significantly higher than those of Rock breed(1481.9g. and 128.0g.), but the differences of total body fat percentage among breeds were not significant. 2) The percentages of skin fat amounts to body weight in Cornish and Crossbred breeds were 5.8% and 5.7% respectively, and these percentages were significantly higher than that of Rock breed(4.7%). However, there were no significant differences among breeds for skin fat percentage to the total body fat amount. The proportion of skin fat pooled over three breeds was about 55.5% of total body fat amount. 3) The muscle fat amount and percentage pooled over three breeds were about 28.9g. and 1.8% of body weight, and there were no differences among breeds. However, muscle fat percentage to the total body fat amount in Rock breed(22.4%) was significantly higher than that in Cornish(16.8%) and in Crossbred(18.4%) breeds. 4) The abdominal fat amount of Rock breed(31.2%) was significantly lower than that of Cornish breed(45.4g.). And also the abdominial fat amount percentages to the body weight and to the total body fat weight of Rock breed(2.1% and 24.2%) were lower than those of Cornish breed(2.65% and 26.0%), but those differences were not significant. 5) The every weight proportions of skin fat. muscle fat and abdominal fat to the body weight or to the total body fat weight were similar from three groups of body weight. These results indicate that the breed differences of observed fat deposition characteristics were not affected by body weight. 6) The breed differenced were not observed for the degree of corrdlation between deposited fat weights in different body locations. In pooled over three breeds, muscle fat amount had very low correlations with the skin fat amount(r=0.13) or with the abdominal fat amount (r=0.15), but the correlation coefficient between the amounts of skin fat and abdominal fat was very high(r=0.51,p,0.01)

접착 보강공법에 따른 R.C. T형교의 휨 내하력 증가에 관한 연구

강성후,정홍곤 東新大學校 工業技術硏究所 2000 工業技術硏究 Vol.6 No.-

While the F.R.E.P.(Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Panel) adhesion construction method and the Carbon Fiber Sheet adhesion construction method, which have been developed to solve the problems in existing materials for repair and reinforcement and in construction, are similar to each other in the principle of reinforcement, the extent of application and the construction method and have been employed more frequently in construction fields of civil engineering, the verification of the effects of repair and reinforcement has been insufficient compared to other construction methods. Therefore, in this Study, the data of a R.C. T-Girder bridge before and after reinforcement is compared and analyzed especially in terms of the load carrying capacity, and the results will be used as basic data for repair and reinforcement of RC bridges that are expected to adopt the F.R.E.P. adhesion construction method and the Carbon Fiber Sheet adhesion construction method.

전수면박탈이 정상인의 생리기능과 인지기능에 미치는 영향

정종현,송후림,신윤경,한진희,이성필,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : Purpose of this study was to investigate physiological and neurocognitive effects of total sleep deprivation by using laboratory blood tests and the computerized neurocognitive function test in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. Subjects were recommended to remain awake for 48 hour sunder continuous surveillance. Lab tests of cortisol, Prolactin, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE), CBC, BC and the Vienna test were performed before and after 48 hours of total sleep deprivation. Results : Concentration of T3 and T4 significantly increased after deprivation. In the reaction test, distribution reaction time significantly increased, and correct reaction significantly decreased. In the vigilance test, amount of correct reaction Signifi-cantly decreased, and the mean value of correct reaction time was significantly delayed. Level of fasting blood sugar, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and potassium significantly increased, respectively, except for the level of total bilirubin which was decreased. After total sleep deprivation, WBC counts significantly increased. Regarding immunoglobulin level, IgG,IgA and Ag M concentrations appeared to decrease, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion : The effect of total sleep deprivation on physiological function was significant in the level of thyroid hormone. Although statistically not significant, the results of growth hormone and the immune system showed a trend in relations to the effect oftotal sleep deprivation. Results of blood chemistry suggest that sleep dephvation may influence metabolism Of hepato-biliary system. Cognitive impairment was also seen in reactive and vigilant functions after total sleep deprivation.

해안대수층 지하수흐름의 특성 : 실내 실험연구 LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

박남식,김진후,나겐드라 쿠마,홍성훈,김현도 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Experiments were conducted using laboratory models to study salt water intrusion phenomena in coastal aquifers. Two models filled with sand were used. The smaller model could produce steady-state cross-sectional flow in a reasonably short time. The bigger model produced a more interesting three-dimensional flow field compare to the smaller one, but it also took much more time to reach steady states and posed difficulties in observing results. A cross-sectional model was used to investigate 'freshwater lens'phenomena. A few pumping scenarios were tested. Contamination of the well with excessive withdrawal was observed. The effectiveness of a scavenger well was studied. The bigger model was used to study the steady-state lateral intrusion problems. Various attempts were made to measure the interface position in the sand.

A Straightforward Technique for Laparoscopic Ureteral Stenting

Hong, Sung-Hoo,Cho, Hyuk Jin,Lee, Ji Youl,Kim, Sae Woong,Hwang, Tae-Kon Mary Ann Liebert 2011 Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Te Vol.21 No.2

The Denuclearization of North Korea

Hong Sung-hoo(홍성후),Ilsu Kim(김일수) 21세기정치학회 2004 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.14 No.2

This paper attempt to explore how Presidents Bush (Sr.), Clinton and Bush (Jr.) oversaw policy toward the Korean Peninsula: how they shaped it, attempted to alter it, and were held responsible for it. I laid out several research questions for examination. First, what was the president's goal for North Korean nuclear issue? Second, how did the president implement his policy goals on the Korean Peninsula? Third, what responses did these goals elicit from North Korea? Fourth, what was the Congressional response to the president's North Korean policy? Fifth, to what extent did the president's power effectively shape his North Korean policy? Sixth, are there any similarities among the presidents in the portrayal of their handling of Korea? To open, I discussed the context the president faced as a global leader, and briefly highlighted under the rubric of the president's definition of situation. Next, I discussed the president's main policy goal toward North Korea, followed by the reaction of Congress to the presidential goal. Finally, I discussed reaction from North Korea to the president's goal. This paper shows that contrary to the conventional view, which saw president’s prerogatives and power in foreign policy surmount the few challenges, the actual flow of influence reveals a different path. Congress and one or both of the two Koreas challenges the president at every stage of the process from the definition of the situation to goal setting and implementation. There are some differences between the popular view of the president as a global leader and the reality of policy making.

Antiproliferative effects of zinc-citrate compound on hormone refractory prostate cancer.

Hong, Sung Hoo,Choi, Yong Sun,Cho, Hyuk Jin,Lee, Ji Youl,Kim, Joon Chul,Hwang, Tae Kon,Kim, Sae Woong China National Publications ImportExport Corp., Ex 2012 Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Vol.24 No.2

<P>To investigate the antiproliferative effects of zinc-citrate compound on hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).</P>