電子商去來의 民事法的 問題

孔淳鎭,金煐澈 東義大學校 法政硏究所 1999 공공정책연구 Vol.15 No.-

<Abstract> Cyberspace is mostly made up of the Internet and is the greast revolutionary event of this century. It is bringing about epoch-making changes to existing legal, social and economic systems. With the advent of the Internet, Electronic Commerce on the Internet has become one of the most rapidly growing area. The World Wide Web at the Internet is opening a new ream of commerce. Keeping pace with this trend, the Korean government has made a draft about the Basic Law on Electronic Commerce. The purpose of this study is to comprehend and resolve legal problem on electronic document, electronic declaration of intention, electronic contract. Electronic Commerce is commerce transactions using computers in virtual environment through computer networks. In the Electronic Commerce, a customer can contract with many company owing to the convenient service and the reduced search and transaction costs etc. Also a company can reduce time, costs and stocks. Electronic Commerce should be applied to the existing law and be reflected. Electronic document should be recognized and provided in private law. Electronic declaration of intention should be recognized and applied to the existing law and concidered its peculiarity. The existing electronic contract is mostly contract between person at a distant place, but the coming real-time electronic contract will be contract between person in conversation. The following suggestions should be taken into considerations in the enactment of EC-related laws. First, for the sake of the promotion of Electronic Commerce, it is most desirable to rosolve EC-related legal problem according to the principle of ensuring autonomy of the parties concerned. Second, the enactment of Hectronic Commerce should be conducted in a comprehensive, systematic, open, and reasonable manner. Lastly, it is desirable that Electronic Commerce is led by the private organization and government intervention is minimized on the basis of the market principles. Cyberspace is mostly made up of the Internet and is the greast revolutionary event of this century. It is bringing about epoch-making changes to existing legal, social and economic systems. With the advent of the Internet, Electronic Commerce on the Internet has become one of the most rapidly growing area. The World Wide Web at the Internet is opening a new ream of commerce. Keeping pace with this trend, the Korean government has made a draft about the Basic Law on Electronic Commerce. The purpose of this study is to comprehend and resolve legal problem on electronic document, electronic declaration of intention, electronic contract. Electronic Commerce is commerce transactions using computers in virtual environment through computer networks. In the Electronic Commerce, a customer can contract with many company owing to the convenient service and the reduced search and transaction costs etc. Also a company can reduce time, costs and stocks. Electronic Commerce should be applied to the existing law and be reflected. Electronic document should be recognized and provided in private law. Electronic declaration of intention should be recognized and applied to the existing law and concidered its peculiarity. The existing electronic contact is mostly contract between person at a distant place, but the coming real-time electronic contract will be contract between person in conversation. The following suggestions should be taken into considerations in the enactment of EC-related laws. First, for the sake of the promotion of Electronic Commerce, it is most desirable to resolve EC-related legal problem according to the principle of ensuring autonomy of the parties concerned. Second, the enactment of Electronic Commerce should be conducted in a comprehensive, systematic, open, and reasonable manner. Lastly, it is desirable that Electronic Commerce is led by the private organization and government intervention is minimized on the basis of the market principles.

沙上地域 産業體 勞動者의 職場體育 參與擴大 方案

安永弼,鄭琮勳,鄭三鉉,金海禮,趙在基,朴俊東,金垠利,張禎允,金福善,孔庚鎬 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1989 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

자동화학검사용 영동시약의 평가

이성규,공선영,송선미,이수연,김종원 대한임상검사정도관리협회 1992 臨床檢査와 精度管理 Vol.22 No.2

자동화학검사용 인화시약의 평가

이성규,공선영,송선미,이수연,김종원 대한임상검사정도관리협회 1992 臨床檢査와 精度管理 Vol.22 No.2

분자유전학 검사로 확진된 Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy 환자 1 례

변재환,이원영,박성익,기창석,공선영,김종원,김선희 대한근전도전기진단의학회 2003 대한근전도 전기진단의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Effect of Sulfur Enriched Young Radish Kimchi on the Induction of Apoptosis in AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells

Kun-Young Park,Soon-Sun Bak,Chang-Suk Kong,Sook-Hee Rhee,Chi-Woong Rho,Nak-Ku Kim,Keyng-Lag Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.2

The effects of young radish (YR, yeolmu in Korean) on the induction of apoptosis were examined in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The young radish kimchi (YRK) were made of YR cultivated in the soil without (Control YR kimchi: C-YRK) and with 1,818 g/m3 sulfur (Sulfur YR kimchi: S-YRK), respectively. Methanol extracts from S-YRK exhibited higher inhibitory effect on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a time dependent-manner compared to C-YRK at the same concentration. 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed that S-YRK induced apoptosis accompanied by the increased Bax but decreased Bcl-2 in mRNA expression. Moreover, S-YRK decreased the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expressions. The results suggested that S-YRK cultivated in the presence of sulfur elicited stronger anticancer activity than C-YRK in vitro. Dietary intakes of S-YRK may be beneficial to decrease the risk of cancer.

Integrative molecular profiling identifies a novel cluster of estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer in very young women

Park, Charny,Yoon, Kyong‐,Ah,Kim, Jihyun,Park, In Hae,Park, Soo Jin,Kim, Min Kyeong,Jang, Wooyeong,Cho, Soo Young,Park, Boyoung,Kong, Sun‐,Young,Lee, Eun Sook John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019 Cancer Science Vol.110 No.5

<P>Very young breast cancer patients are more common in Asian countries than Western countries and are thought to have worse prognosis than older patients. The aim of the current study was to identify molecular characteristics of young patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer by analyzing mutations and copy number variants (CNV), and by applying expression profiling. The whole exome and transcriptome of 47 Korean young breast cancer (KYBR) patients (age <35) were analyzed. Genomic profiles were constructed using mutations, CNV and differential gene expression from sequencing data. Pathway analyses were also performed using gene sets to identify biological processes. Our data were compared with young ER+ breast cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. <I>TP53</I>,<I>PIK3CA</I> and <I>GATA3</I> were highly recurrent somatic mutation genes. APOBEC‐associated mutation signature was more frequent in KYBR compared with young TCGA patients. Integrative profiling was used to classify our patients into 3 subgroups based on molecular characteristics. Group A showed luminal A‐like subtype and IGF1R signal dysregulation. Luminal B patients were classified into groups B and C, which showed chromosomal instability and enrichment for APOBEC3A/B deletions, respectively. Group B was characterized by 11q13 (CCND1) amplification and activation of the ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis pathway. Group C showed 17q12 (ERBB2) amplification and lower ER and progesterone receptor expression. Group C was also distinguished by immune activation and lower epithelial‐mesenchyme transition (EMT) degree compared with group B. This study showed that integrative genomic profiling could classify very young patients with breast cancer into molecular subgroups that are potentially linked to different clinical characteristics.</P>

UGT1A7 haplotype is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers

Kong, Sun-Young,Ki, Chang-Seok,Yoo, Byung Chul,Kim, Jong-Won Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2008 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.99 No.2

<P>The UGT1A7 gene encodes UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a key enzyme catalyzing the glucuronidation of various carcinogens. In this study, we investigated the association between haplotypes of the whole UGT1A7 gene and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Sequence analysis of exon1 and the promoter region of the UGT1A7 gene was carried out to determine haplotype profiles for 244 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 223 hepatitis B carriers, and 314 healthy control subjects. Hepatitis B carriers with haplotypes other than haplotype 1 (Ht1; CTCTCGTG at -341, -57, 33, 387, 391, 392, 622, and 756) had a significantly greater risk of developing HCC with odds ratios (OR) of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.11-2.52) for Ht1/others and 1.85 (95% CI; 1.09-3.14) for others/others. In multivariate logistic regression analysis including age and haplotypes from Ht1 to Ht4, the presence of Ht2 (CGAGAACG) or Ht4 (CTCGAATG) was associated with HCC risk (OR = 1.45 [95% CI; 1.03-2.03] and 4.95 [95% CI; 1.75-13.98], respectively). The results of this study show that the UGT1A7 haplotype is a suitable susceptibility marker for the development of HCC in hepatitis B carriers.</P>

Reference intervals for circulating angiogenic cytokines.

Kong, Sun-Young,Lee, Hye Lin,Eom, Hyeon-Seok,Park, Weon-Seo,Yun, Tak,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Nam, Byung-Ho,Seong, Moon-Woo,Lee, Do-Hoon Walter de Gruyter 2008 Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine Vol.46 No.4

<P>BACKGROUND: The levels of angiogenic cytokines are important in the definition of baseline characteristics of cancers and to predict patient prognosis; however, the reference intervals for angiogenic cytokines have received only limited attention. Herein, we obtained reference intervals for angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. METHODS: We measured these materials in serum, plasma and urine of 131 controls, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. We analyzed the association between angiogenic cytokine levels and other laboratory parameters and explored whether polymorphisms in angiogenic cytokine genes affect the levels of cytokines. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: These data allowed us to construct reference intervals for angiogenic cytokines, and we also observed that concentrations of angiogenic cytokines generally do not vary with genotype or haplotype. An exception was serum VEGF concentration; this level was marginally affected by the -1154 VEGF polymorphism.</P>

Effect of Sulfur Enriched Young Radish Kimchi on the Induction of Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

Soon-Sun Bak,Chang-Suk Kong,Sook-Hee Rhee,Chi-Woong Rho,Nak-Ku Kim,Keyng-Lag Choi,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.3

Young radishes (YR, yeolmu in Korean) were cultivated in soil with and without sulfur. Control YR-kimchi and sulfur YR-kimchi were prepared using the young radishes cultivated in the soil without and with 1,818 g/㎥ sulfur, respectively. Fermentation of the YR-kimchis were conducted at 5℃ for 6 weeks. The control and sulfur YR-kimchis were reached pH 4.39 and pH 4.31 with 0.98% and 1.04% acidity at 5 weeks, respectively. At a higher concentration of 20 μL/assay, the sulfur YR-kimchi juice exhibited higher inhibitory effects (84%) on the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells than the control YR-kimchi (57%). Methanol extract from the YR-kimchis also led to similar results to those of the juices. In the inhibition study by hematocytometer, YR-kimchis inhibited the growth of cells in a time-dependent manner. Sulfur YR-kimchi induced apoptosis as determined by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and decreased Bcl-2 expression of active anticancer compounds, when compared to the control YR-kimchi. These results suggested that preparing kimchi using YR cultivated in the presence of sulfur, which can help to synthesize active compounds, could increase the anti-cancer activity of sulfur YR-kimchi.