Time-dependent effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin on the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone and its main metabolite, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, in rats: restoration of the parameters in 96 hour in KPLPS rats to control levels

Jung, Hye Y.,Kang, Hee E.,Choi, Young H.,Kim, So H.,Lee, Myung G. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition Vol.30 No.8

<P>It has been reported that chlorzoxazone (CZX) was primarily metabolized via hepatic Cyp2e1 to form 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH-CZX) in rats, and the activity of aniline hydroxylase (a Cyp2e1 marker) in the liver was significantly decreased in rats at 24 h after pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae (24 h KPLPS rats), whereas the levels were not changed at 2 h and 96 h in the KPLPS rats. Thus, the time-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of CZX and OH-CZX were evaluated after the intravenous administration of CZX (20 mg/kg) to control rats, and the 2 h, 24 h and 96 h KPLPS rats along with the time-dependent changes in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. After the intravenous administration of CZX to 24 h KPLPS rats, the AUC<SUB>0–2 h</SUB> of OH-CZX and AUC<SUB>OH-CZX, 0–2 h</SUB>/AUC<SUB>CZX</SUB> were significantly smaller (by 40.5% and 71.2%, respectively) than those of controls due to the significant decrease (by 75.3%) in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. However, in 96 h KPLPS rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CZX and OH-CZX were unchanged compared with controls due to the restoration of the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1 to control levels. These observations highlighted the existence of the time-dependent effects of KPLPS on the pharmacokinetics of CZX and OH-CZX in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

솔 - 젤법으로 제조한 Pd 계 삼원촉매 반응에서 Ceria 의 영향

소현수,이진만,노점임,양오봉,김도희,우성일 한국공업화학회 1998 응용화학 Vol.2 No.2

The effect of ceria on the catalytic performance of Pd-only three way catalysts prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by XRD, XPS and synthetic exhaust gas reaction with GHSV of 72,000 h^(-1). Optimum Ce:Zr mole ratio to stabilize ceria against thermal aging and enhance the catalytic performance was 7:3. It was found that the physical mixing of Pd catalyst, ceria stabilized with zirconium et al. and bulk ceria showed significant improvement in three way catalytic performance and thermal stability. Thermal stability of the catalysts prepared by sol-gel method were more superior than that of the catalysts prepared by impregnation method.

Major Sensing Proteins in Pathogenic Fungi: The Hybrid Histidine Kinase Family

Hé,rivaux, Anaï,s,So, Yee-Seul,Gastebois, Amandine,Latgé,, Jean-Paul,Bouchara, Jean-Philippe,Bahn, Yong-Sun,Papon, Nicolas Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS pathogens Vol.12 No.7

Prompt liquid-phase visual detection and low-cost vapor-phase detection of DCP, a chemical warfare agent mimic

So, H.S.,Angupillai, S.,Son, Y.A. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.235 No.-

A new rhodamine-based probe (RTU) was prepared as a colorimetric/fluorescent probe for the selective detection of DCP (a mimic of the Soman nerve agent) with a broad pH range of 7-11.0. RTU contains two reactive sites: (i) a nucleophilic thiourea group able to undergo complexation with electrophilic phosphorous and (ii) a spirolactam carbonyl group that acts as a reactive site for phosphorous. RTU exhibits great photostability, high sensitivity, and good selectivity for DCP (in both the liquid and vapor phases) compared with other reactive species, such as metal ions and H<SUP>+</SUP>, under alkaline conditions. Upon mixing with DCP in 3% Et<SUB>3</SUB>N-DMF, the spirolactam of RTU opened, which triggered the dramatic enhancement of both fluorescence and absorbance intensity and a color change of the solution. The probe displays a linear response to DCP in the range from 2.0x10<SUP>-5</SUP> to 15x10<SUP>-5</SUP>M with a detection limit of 1.42x10<SUP>-7</SUP>M. The kinetics results indicate that RTU exhibits instantaneous sensing behavior within a few minutes. Its recognition behavior toward DCP was investigated by <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR, FAB-MS, and <SUP>31</SUP>P NMR. Portable kits were developed and tested to demonstrate the practical application of RTU in real-time monitoring.

Decomposition of 1,4-dioxane by photo-Fenton oxidation coupled with activated sludge in a polyester manufacturing process

So, M. H.,Han, J. S.,Han, T. H.,Seo, J. W.,Kim, C. G. IWA Publishing 2009 Water Science & Technology Vol.59 No.5

<P>The cyclic ether 1,4-dioxane is a synthetic industrial chemical that is used as a solvent in producing paints and lacquers. The EPA and the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) classified 1,4-dioxane as a GROUP B2(probable human) carcinogen. 1,4-dioxane is also produced as a by-product during the manufacture of polyester. In this research, a polyester manufacturing company (i.e. K Co.) in Gumi, Korea was investigated regarding the release of high concentrations of 1,4-dioxane (about 600 mg/L) and whether treatment prior to release should occur to meet with the level of the regulation standard (e.g., 5 mg/L in 2010). A 10 ton/day pilot-scale treatment system using photo-Fenton oxidation was able to remove approximately 90% of 1,4-dioxane under the conditions that concentrations of 2800 ppm H2O2 and 1,400 ppm FeSO4 were maintained along with 10 UV-C lamps (240 μW/cm2) installed and operated continuously during aeration. However, the effluent concentration of 1,4-dioxane was still high at about 60 mg/L where TOC concentration in the effluent had been moreover increased due to decomposed products such as aldehydes and organic acids. Thus, further investigation is needed to see whether the bench scale (reactor volume, 8.9 L) of activated sludge could facilitate the decomposition of 1,4-dioxane and their by-products (i.e., TOC). As a result, 1,4-dioxane in the effluent has been decreased as low as 0.5 mg/L. The optimal conditions for the activated sludge process that were obtained are as follows: DO, 3-3.5 mg/L; HRT, 24 h; SRT 15 d; MLSS, 3,000 mg/L. Consequently, photo-Fenton oxidation coupled with activated sludge can make it possible to efficiently decompose 1,4-dioxane to keep up with that of the regulation standard.</P>

다이아몬드 휠에 의한 세라믹 연삭의 연삭력 평가

문홍현,김성청,공재향,박병규,소의열,이근상 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In this study, through the experimental results of grinding ratio, grinding force and surface roughness with the obtained wear amount of diamond wheel and ceramic material during the grinding process, the following conclusions could be found. In the case of Si₃N₄, the wear of diamond wheel is large while the grinding force is stable and the range of change in surface roughness is small. For the case of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂, while the wear of diamond wheel is getting smaller, the grinding force is increasing but the value of surface roughness is decreasing. For grinding with the vitrified bond wheel, it seems that the self-sharpening can be found for Si₃N₄ and the glazing effect of the cutting edge for Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂.

Siberian Sturgeon Oocyte Extract Induces Epigenetic Modifications of Porcine Somatic Cells and Improves Developmental Competence of SCNT Embryos

Kim, So-Young,Kim, Tae-Suk,Park, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Mi-Ran,Eun, Hye-Ju,Baek, Sang-Ki,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu,Kim, Sung-Woo,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Campbell, Keith H.S.,Lee, Joon-Hee Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.2

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has generally demonstrated that a differentiated cell can convert into a undifferentiated or pluripotent state. In the SCNT experiment, nuclear reprogramming is induced by exposure of introduced donor nuclei to the recipient cytoplasm of matured oocytes. However, because the efficiency of SCNT still remains low, a combination of SCNT technique with the ex-ovo method may improve the normal development of SCNT embryos. Here we hypothesized that treatment of somatic cells with extracts prepared from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage Siberian sturgeon oocytes prior to their use as nuclear donor for SCNT would improve in vitro development. A reversible permeability protocol with $4{\mu}g/mL$ of digitonin for 2 min at $4^{\circ}C$ in order to deliver Siberian sturgeon oocyte extract (SOE) to porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) was carried out. As results, the intensity of H3K9ac staining in PFFs following treatment of SOE for 7 h at $18^{\circ}C$ was significantly increased but the intensity of H3K9me3 staining in PFFs was significantly decreased as compared with the control (p<0.05). Additionally, the level of histone acetylation in SCNT embryos at the zygote stage was significantly increased when reconstructed using SOE-treated cells (p<0.05), similar to that of IVF embryos at the zygote stage. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased and pluripotency markers (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) were highly expressed in the blastocyst stage of SCNT embryos reconstructed using SOE-treated cells as nuclear donor (p<0.05). And there was observed a better development to the blastocyst stage in the SOE-treated group (p<0.05). Our results suggested that pre-treatment of cells with SOE could improve epigenetic reprogramming and the quality of porcine SCNT embryos.

Tailoring the characteristics of graphite oxides by different oxidation times

Jeong, H K,Jin, M H,So, K P,Lim, S C,Lee, Y H Institute of Physics [etc.] 2009 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.42 No.6

<P>Graphite oxide was synthesized using various oxidation times and characterized by its physical and chemical properties. The degree of oxidation of the graphite oxide was systematically controlled via oxidation time up to 24 h. Three phases of interlayer distances were identified by x-ray diffraction: pristine graphite (3.4 Å), intermediate (4 Å) and fully expanded graphite oxide (6 Å) phases. These phases were distinguished by an atomic ratio of O/C, which occurred from the different compositions of epoxide, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The band gap of the graphite oxides was also tuned via the oxidation time, resulting in direct band gap engineering from 1.7 to 2.4 eV and strong correlation with the atomic ratio of O/C.</P>

湖南米의 品質改善에 관한 硏究 : 1. 湖南米의 化學成分組成 및 炊飯嗜好特性에 관한 硏究 1. Studies on the Chemical Components and Cooking Characteristics of Honam Rice

金鏞揮,金明熙,裵聖浩,蘇在敦 全北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Investigations have been carried out to determine the differences of the milled rice qualities including general compositions, ratio of protein fractions, physicochemical properties of starch, cooking properties, sensory assessment, degree of gelatinization and retrogradation, and digestion properties using the varieties, Seogwang, Jinju and Akibare which were grown in different regions, Suweon, Iri and Gyehwa in Korea, 1981. Following results were obtained ; 1. Generally, Gyehwa-grown rice, Seogwang and Jinju in protein, and Suweon-grown rice and Jinju in ash showed high contents. But there were no significant differences of crude fat and starch values between the varieties and regions. Among the protein fractions, Suweon-grown rice, Seogwang and Jinju in globulin, and Iri-grown rice, Gyehwa-grown rice and Akibare in oryzenin showed higher contents than the others. 2. In amylose contents, Akibare and Suweon-grown rice showed lower values, and Seogwang and Iri-grown rice in blue values exhibited higher values. But much differences in alkali numbers did not showed between the varieties and regions. In the degrees of gelatinization, Akibare showed highest values among the varieties whereas Gyehwa-grown Akibare and Suweon-grown rice showed lower degrees of retrogradation. 3. Seogwang and Iri-grown rice in water uptake ratio, and Seogwang and Jinju in swelling capacities showed high values. In iodine color intensity of boiled rice residual water, Jinju exhibited relatively high values, and Akibare was much more in soluble solids of that, but much differences in pH values of that did not showed between the varieties and regions. 4. It showed up that Akibare were excellent in cooking and eating qualities by sensory assessment but its differences in regions did not showed. 5. Akibare showed highest degrees of gelatinization of cooked rice among the varieties, and there were some differences in regions with the varieties. When cooked rice were stored for 24 hours at 5℃, the degrees of retrogradation were 14.1% (average), and especially Jinju and Gyehwa-grown Akibare showed lower values. But much differences between the varieties and regions were not after 48 hours. 6. Suweon-grown Akibare, Suweon-grown Seogwang and Iri-grown Jinju were excellent in digestion by β-amylase, and Akibare, Suweon-grown Seogwang and Iri-grown Jinju exhibited good digestion by α-amylase.

피부감작성에 있어 Local lymph node의 반응성 연구

이종권,박재현,김형수,정승태,엄준호,황인창,장은정,윤소미,남기택,허용,오혜영 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

알레르기설 접촉 괴부염은 다양한 화학물질에 의해 유포될 수 있다. 화학물질이 피부 감작성을 알 킬 수 있는지 여부는 전통적으로 기니픽을 사용한 등물모겔이 이용되어 쏜으나, 최근에는 마우스를 이용한 local Iymph node assily tLLNA) 발법 개발이 요구되고 있떠 본 연구는 focal Iymph not assa)·의 시험방법을 개발하고, 감작을 일으키는 기전을 파악하고자 하였다. 콕헝물질로는 패표적 접촉 알러전인 DffCB(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzone), 호홉 알러젠인 fDl(toluene diisocyanate), 약한 알러젠인Cf.(o-kerplcinamaldehl,do:4, 강한 자극물질인 SLS(sodum lauryl sulfate)를 사용하였다. 각 시험물질 2sr4를 적절한 농도로 6-8주령의 암컷 Balb/c 마우스의 귀의 배측에 3일간 도포한 후 5일째에 부검하여 이개림프절, 귀의 변화 등을 관찰하였다. DNCB, TDI를 도포한 마우스의 이개 림프절의 중량은 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며, 고농도의 HCA를 투여한 마우스에서의 림프절 중량도 증가하였다. SLS를 투여한 군의 림프걸치 중량은 저농도에서는 변화가 없었으나, 고농도에서는 중량이 증가하였다. 꼬리정맥에 3H-thymidine을 투여하여 림프절의 증식정도를 파악한 결과, BNCB를 도포한 군에서는 프절의 증식지수(Stimulation 1.Idex, Sl)가 용량별로 20.3, 24.6, 27.5로 관찰되었으며, TDI군에서는 각 19.0, 29.T, 42.3으로 관찰되첬고 HCA군에서는 각각 3.8, 9.7, 19.8로 관찰되었다. sLs군에서는 0.8 3.7, 6.6으로 관찰되었다. 이잖끈 결과 fH-thynudine을 이용한 피부 감작성 평가는 기니픽을 대체할수 있는 방법으로 _평가되었다. 그러나 방사선이용이라는 단점과 강한 자극성물질에서의 위양성 반응이 관찰되어 BrdU(Eromodeoklpuddine) 면역조직차학기법으로 시험한 결과 비방사선법도 이용 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 또는 TDI를 처리한 마우스의 림프절에서 cytoklne의 발현을 RT-PCR로 측정한 결과 IL-2 IL-4, U-10과 INf-r의 mRNA발현이 증가하였으며, HCA를 처리한 경우에는 토-4, IL-10. INf-γ mRNA의 발현이 증가 하였다. 또한 B리CB의 경우에는 U-4의 발현이 증가하였다. 그러나, sLs의 경우에는 IL-?, IL-4, 0--10 과 rNF-r꼭 발현이 증가되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 LLNA를 이용한 c번okine의 n)교NA발현이 유용싼 측정 지포중 하나가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며. 특히 IL-4의 발현정도의 증가는 알레르기 유발성을 평가할 유용한 생체지표의 하나가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되어진다. Allergic contact dermatitis (skin sensitization) may be caused by a wide variety of chemicals. A murine local lymph node assay(LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for assessing the contact sensitization potential of chemical. First, the objective of this study was to evaluate allergenecity of chemicals by LLNA. Secondly, we aimed to investigate the possibility of development of non-radio isotopic endpoint for LLNA using immunohistochemistry. Thirdly, we aimed to analyze cytokine mRNA expression of draining lymph node cell in mice exposed to chemical allergen and irritant. In this study, contact allergen, dinitrochlorobenzone (DNCB), respiratory allergen toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and moderate allergen, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde (HCA) were used as positive chemicals and the irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) also used as reference chemical. The stimulation index (SI) of lymph node cell in the mice treated with allergens. DNCB, TDI, and HCA were more increased dose-dependently compared to vehicle control by ^(3)H-thymidine uptake. And SI of lymph node cell in strong irritant, SLS were also increased dose-dependently compared to control. The BrdU(Bromodeoxyuridine) LI of lymph node in DNCB and TDI were dramatically increased campared to that of control. However, the LI of lymph node in SLS were not significantly increased compared to vehicle control. This data represents that BrdU LI of lymph node could be one of useful method for screening for irritant and allergen. The expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA was increased in draining auricular lymph node cell of the mice treated with TDI by RT-PCR. The level of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γmRNA was increased in mice treated with HCA. The expression of IL-4 was increased in lymph node cell of mice treated with DNCB. However, the level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in lymph node cell of mice treated with SLS was not increased. These results suggest the measurement for increase in level of IL-4 mRNA expression could by one of the method for screening the allergenic potential.