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Lee, Dong-Keun,Jeon, Soyeon,Han, Youngju,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Lee, Seonghan,Yu, Il Je,Song, Kyung Seuk,Kang, Aeyeon,Yun, Wan Soo,Kang, Sung-Min,Huh, Yun Suk,Cho, Wan-Seob American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.11
<P>The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the physicochemical parameters associated with the pathogenicity of high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials is important for comprehensive regulation efforts and safety-by-design approaches. Here, we report quantitative data on the correlations between the rigidity of these nanomaterials and toxicity endpoints <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. As measured by new ISO standards published in 2017, rigidity shows a strong positive correlation with inflammogenic potential, as indicated by inflammatory cell counts and IL-1β (a biomarker for frustrated phagocytosis) levels in both the acute and chronic phases. <I>In vitro</I> experiments using differentiated THP-1 cells find that only highly rigid multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and asbestos fibers lead to piercing and frustrated phagocytosis. Thus, this study suggests a bending ratio of 0.97 and a static bending persistence length of 1.08 as threshold rigidity values for asbestos-like pathogenicity. However, additional research using MWCNTs with rigidity values that lie between those of non-inflammogenic (<I>D</I><SUB>b</SUB> = 0.66 and SBPL = 0.87) and inflammogenic fibers (<I>D</I><SUB>b</SUB> = 0.97 and SBPL = 1.09) is required to identify more accurate threshold values, which would be useful for comprehensive regulation and safety-by-design approaches based on MWCNTs.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Unsupervised Spoken Language Understanding for a Multi-Domain Dialog System
Donghyeon Lee,Minwoo Jeong,Kyungduk Kim,Seonghan Ryu,Lee, Gary Geunbae IEEE 2013 IEEE - ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Lang Vol.21 No.11
<P>This paper proposes an unsupervised spoken language understanding (SLU) framework for a multi-domain dialog system. Our unsupervised SLU framework applies a non-parametric Bayesian approach to dialog acts, intents and slot entities, which are the components of a semantic frame. The proposed approach reduces the human effort necessary to obtain a semantically annotated corpus for dialog system development. In this study, we analyze clustering results using various evaluation metrics for four dialog corpora. We also introduce a multi-domain dialog system that uses the unsupervised SLU framework. We argue that our unsupervised approach can help overcome the annotation acquisition bottleneck in developing dialog systems. To verify this claim, we report a dialog system evaluation, in which our method achieves competitive results in comparison with a system that uses a manually annotated corpus. In addition, we conducted several experiments to explore the effect of our approach on reducing development costs. The results show that our approach be helpful for the rapid development of a prototype system and reducing the overall development costs.</P>
실시간 공중보건 감시와 식품매개질환 집단발생 대처를 위한 국가 전염병 조기경보 시스템 구축 - PulseNet Korea
김석호,이상원,김성한,김준영,이혜영,강연호,박미선,이복권 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6
Foodborne illnesses and big outbreaks have been increased because of the widespread of lunch distribution at school, mass production of food products, and international food trades. It is important to find the origin of contamination by various pathogens in an early stage of the outbreaks for the disease control and prevention. For the purpose of construction of the early warning system, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH) inaugurated PulseNet Korea in 2005. The organization of PulseNet Korea consists of KNIH as a center and the participating laboratories including Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA), National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Station (NVRQS), and regional Institutes of Health & Environment. PulseNet Korea has focused on training researchers from participating laboratories as well as playing an important role in PulseNet International. In this review, PulseNet Korea construction is introduced as a national early warning system for timely surveillance of foodborne diseases.
Kim, Junyoung,Jeon, Semi,Rhie, Hogeun,Lee, Bokkwon,Park, Misun,Lee, Hoanjong,Lee, Jina,Kim, Seonghan 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3
A multiplex PCR method has been developed to classify extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) and Plasmid-mediated AmpC B-lactamase (PABL). This method consists of the use of two four-multiplex PCRs for the detection of TEM, OXA, SHV, CTX-M, CMY, and DHAtype B-lactamases. We have compared findings from the use of conventional detection methods with that of this newly developed typing method, In testing for 73 ESBL-producing and PABL-producing isolates, 100% of the isolates were correctly identified as previously characterized types and, 44 types of B-lactamases were additionally identified from 33 isolates. This assay not only reduces the time for classification but also increases the accuracy for detection.
Intestinal Enterococcus population affects Galleria mellonella metamorphosis
Seonghan Jang,Hyun Gi Kong,Jin-Soo Son,Joon-Hui Chung,Soohyun Lee,Jun-Seob Kim,Choong-Min Ryu 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10
Microbes in insect gut significantly influence host physiology. While Lepidoptera is a diverse insect order, the relationship between microbial symbiosis and host development remains elusive, especially concerning role of gut-colonizing bacteria in metamorphosis. We investigated the gut microbial diversity in Galleria mellonella throughout its life cycle using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed a predominance of Enterococcus spp. in larvae and Enterobacter spp. in pupae. Remarkably, removing Enterococcus spp. hastened the larval-to-pupal transition. Transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of immune response genes in pupae and hormone genes in larvae. Notably, the production of antimicrobial peptides in the host gut varied with developmental stages. Some of these peptides suppressed the growth of Enterococcus innesii, a dominant gut bacterium in G. mellonella larvae. This research underscores the pivotal role of gut microbiota shifts in metamorphosis, driven by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in the G. mellonella digestive system.
&agr;-Synuclein induces migration of BV-2 microglial cells by up-regulation of CD44 and MT1-MMP
Kim, Seonghan,Cho, Seo-Hyun,Kim, Ka Young,Shin, Ki Young,Kim, Hye-Sun,Park, Cheol-Hyoung,Chang, Keun-A,Lee, Sang Hyung,Cho, Daeho,Suh, Yoo-Hun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.109 No.5
<P>Abstract</P><P>Although there is known to be a marked concentration of reactive microglia in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disorder in which &agr;-synuclein plays a key pathogenic role, the specific roles of &agr;-synuclein and microglia remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of &agr;-synuclein and the mechanisms of invasive microglial migration into the SNpc. We show that &agr;-synuclein up-regulates the expressions of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 and the cell surface protease membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase through the extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 pathway. These concurrent inductions increased the generation of soluble CD44 to liberate microglia from the surrounding extracellular matrix for migration. The effects of &agr;-synuclein were identical in BV-2 murine microglial cells subjected to cDNA transfection and extracellular treatment. These inductions in primary microglial cultures of C57Bl/6 mice were identical to those in BV-2 cells. &agr;-Synuclein-induced microglial migration into the SNpc was confirmed <I>in vivo</I> using a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of PD. Our data demonstrate a correlation between &agr;-synuclein-induced phenotypic changes and microglial migration. With the recruitment of the microglial population into the SNpc during dopaminergic neurodegeneration, &agr;-synuclein may play a role in accelerating the pathogenesis of PD.</P>