특집논문 : 호남문화와 감성담론의 다층 1 ; 기묘사림의 예술감성과 호남화단

이선옥 ( Seon Ok Lee ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2010 호남학 Vol.0 No.48

기묘사림은 조광조의 문인이거나 개혁정치의 일환으로 개정된 현량과로 등용된 인물들이다. 이들 중 작품이 남아있거나 서화로 이름난 문인들은 양팽손, 신잠, 김정, 고운, 최수성, 김구 등이다. 사화가 일어났을 때 이들은 대개 30세 전후의 의기 왕성한 시기로 이제 막 벼슬길에서 뜻을 펼칠 즈음이었다. 이러한 때에 뜻을 같이 했던 스승과 동료가 하루아침에 사사되고 유배되는 참담한 상황은 이들에게 씻을 수 없는 비애와 좌절감을 안겨주었다. 그래서 기묘사림들은 시와 그림에 자신의 복잡한 심회를 담아내었다. 최수성이나 김정은 사화 직후 사사되어 사화가 안겨준 비분강개한 심정을 회화에서 찾을 수는없으나, 신잠은장흥유배후묵죽을 더 많이 그렸으며 양팽손과 고운등은 낙향후 서화에 잠심하였던 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 논문에서는 기묘사림들의 전칭 작품과 제화시 등을 통해 이들의 감성이 어떤 형태로 작품에 표출되었는지 살펴보았다. 작품을 사군자, 산수화, 영모화로 나누어 보았고, 이에서 기묘사림들의 절의 정신과 은일사상, 그리고 불의에 맞선 기개가 예술로 꽃 피운 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그림을 그린문인화가들 뿐만 아니라 같은 아픔을 가진 사림들은 서로의 그림에 제화시를 남겨 돈독한 우의를 다졌고, 서화에 자신의 심회를 담아 표출함으로써 정서적 교감을 이루었다. 기묘사림의 절의정신과 예술 감성은 사화를 당한 문인 자신에 그치지 않고 확산되면서 후손들로 이어져 호남문화 형성에 영향을 주었다. 호랑이를 그리던 고운의 기개는 손자인 고경명의 의병활동으로 이어졌다. 양팽손의 묵죽에서 보인 절의정신은 아들과 손자들의 의로운 죽음으로, 그리고 양산보의 풍류의식이 낳은 소쇄원은 16세기 시가문학의 본산으로서 호남문화의 중요한 축을 이루었다. 윤구에서 보였던 예술 감성은 윤선도를 거쳐 윤두서로 이어져 조선 후기 화단의 빗장을 여는 선구적 화풍을 이루었다. 이는 윤덕희, 윤용 뿐아니라 외손인 다산 정약용에게도 영향을 미쳤으며, 19세기 소치 허련을 통해 근 현대로 이어졌다. 이들 기묘사림들의 절의정신과 예술 감성은 호남문화의 중요한 한 축을 형성하였다. Yang Paeng-son, Sin Jam, Kim Jeong, Go Un, Choi Su-seong and Kim Gu who were Gimyo Sarim(Confucian scholars who fell victims of Gimyosahwa) were famous for their works of calligraphy and painting. They belonged to a literary circle led by Jo Gwang-jo and were appointed to Hyonryanggwa which had been revised for reformative politics. When a calamity of scholars occurred, they were in early thirties when they started their official career. At that time their teachers and colleagues were sentenced to death or exile, which gave them ineffaceable sorrow and despair. Confucian scholars represented their complex mental attitudes in their poetry and painting. Sorrowful indignation was not found in paintings by Choi Su-seong or Kim Jeong as they were sentenced to death immediately after the calamity, but Sin Jam painted lots of Chinese ink painting of bamboo after he was exiled to Jangheung and Yang Paeng-son were immersed in calligraphy and painting after he returned home. This study analysed how sensitivity of scholars was represented in their painting and poetry. It categorized their works into Sagunja(an oriental painting of plum-blossom, orchid, chrysanthemums and bamboo), landscape paintings and Youngmohwa(painting of animals) and discovered that their integrity, hermitage and unyielding spirit were represented through art. The Confucian scholars who felt sorrow for the calamity as well as the literary artists consolidated their friendship through writing poetry on each others` painting and represented their mental attitudes in their calligraphic writing and painting which led to emotional sympathy. Integrity and artistic sensitivity of Gimyo Sarim were succeeded to junior scholars, which became an important axis of Honam culture. The integrity of Go Un who drew tigers led to Go Gyeong-myong`s leadership of righteous troops. Yang Paeng-son`s integrity shown in his Chinese ink painting of bamboo led to righteous death of his son and grandsons. Soswaewon derived from Yang San-bo`s taste for the arts has become a main axis of Honam culture as a headquarter of poetry literature of the 16th century. Yun Gu`s artistic sensitivity was inherited to Yoon Seon-do and Yoon Du-seo, which was a base of innovative painting circle of late Joseon period. It influenced Dasan Jeong Yak-young, a maternal grand-son as well as Yoon Duk-hee and Yun Yong, and became an origin of artistic hometown Honam through Huh Ryon in the 19th century.

서원건축의 立地와 向에 관한 연구

옥선호 東西大學校 2002 동서논문집 Vol.8 No.-

Through the study on the location and direction of seowon in choson dynasty, I get some interest conclusions. The first factor for fix the location of seowon architecture is the connected place of ancient sages, the second factor is mountain and water and around environment and many cases the direction of seowons are the same extension line of this important factors.

서원건축의 배치 및 외부공간에 관한 기초적 연구

옥선호 동서대학교 2000 동서논문집 Vol.6 No.-

Outdoor space of Seowon is connected with arrangement directly. The arrangement of Seowon have transformed with an area and a period. This paper is for the purpose of a searching of this. I connected trends of thought and characters of an area with Seowons. Aa a result of this way I have known some interesting objects.

애국계몽기와 1910년대 '민요조시가'의 양상과 근대적 의미

심선옥 민족문학사학회 2002 민족문학사연구 Vol.20 No.-

이 연구는 애국계몽기와 1910년대에 민요를 변형한 시가를 ‘민요조 시가’로 명명하고, 그 양상과 미의식, 근대적 성격을 고찰하였다. 애국계몽기 시가의 주류를 형성했던 창가의 미의식이 숭고를 지향하는 것과 달리 ‘민요조 시가’는 희극미와 비극미로 대표된다. 이것을 「흥타령」과 통속 민요의 근대적 변형을 통해 살펴보았다. 이어서 1910년대에 국문 시가의 변모양상을 살펴보고, ‘민요조 시가’를 국내와 국외로 나누어 설명하였다. 국내의 ‘민요조 시가’에서 「농부가」의 미의식을 해명하였다. 그리고 일본 유학생과 미국 이주자, 북간도의 유랑민들에 의해 민요가 민족의 노래, 고향의 노래로서 새롭게 ‘발견’되는 과정을 고찰하였다. ‘민요조 시가’에 대한 이상의 연구를 통해 애국계몽기와 1910년대, 1920년대로 이어지는 한국 시문학사의 내적 연속성과 변화양상을 해명하고자 하였다. This study inquired into the central features, aesthetic consciousness and modernity of the folk-song styled Shiga(民謠調 詩歌). The name, Folk-song-styled Shiga, was given to the poems of the Patriotic Enlightenment Period and 1910s which showed the changed from of the Korean folk songs. Most of the Shigas in the Patriotic Enlightenment Period pursued the beauty of sublimity, but the aesthetic consciousness of the Folk-song-styled Shiga was typically embodied in the beauty of comedy and tragedy. That was found out through the study on the modern transformation of “Hong Ta Ryung” and popular folk songs. This study also made a survey of the changing feacures of the aesthetic consciousness of the 1910s’ Slhiga in the Korean language, and explained the difference between domestic and overseas Folk-song-styled Shiga. The domestic Folk-song-styled Shiga showed the aesthetic consciousness of “Farmer’s Song”. And It was also an important part of this study to examine how Korean students in Japan, emigrants to America and nomads in Bukgando found traditional folk songs as songs of racial spirit and songs of nostalgia. The above-mentioned study also helped to shed light on the inner continuity and various transformations in the Korean poetic history from the Patriotic Enlightenment through the 1920s.

칼만필터를 이용한 적응적 손영역 획득 시스템

양선옥,고일주,이근수 안성산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

We extract hand region by using color information, because it is an important feature for human vision to distinguish objects. Because pixel values in images are changed according to the luminance and lighting source, it is difficult to extract hand region exactly without previous knowledge. We generate a hand skin model at leaning stage, and extract hand region from images by using the model. We also use Kalman filter to consider the change of pixel values in hand skin model. Kalman filter restricts the search area for extracting hand region at next frame also.

방아의 각종 용매 추출물의 항산화 효과

원선임,지옥화,양차범 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1995 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.13

Bangah(Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), one of the herbs grown in Korea, was investigated for its antioxidant activity. Several antioxidative fractions was obtained from Bangah powder by extraction with variours single and mixed solvents. The free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic acids were fractioned with using methanol - acetone solvents and added into the soybean oil and lard at the level of 200ppm. The antioxidative activity was measured by peroxide value, carbonyl value and induction time during storage at 60℃. The results were as follows : 1.The extract yield obtained from Bangah powder was increased as the polarity of the solvents increased. 2.The antioxidative effect of the Bangah extracts obtained with single solvent extraction was found in lard in the order of dioxane>methanol>ethyl ether, while those extracts showed little effects on soybean oil. Extraction with using mixed solvents showed no significant improvement in the antioxidative effects. 3.A significant antioxidative effect of phenolic acid fraction was observed on lard, while the effecet was little on soybean oil. The insoluble phenolic arid fraction among the three phenolic acid fractions showed the highest antioxidative effect. When the phenolic acid fractions were added in the range of 200∼1000ppm, the antioxidant effect was observed at 1000ppm for soybean oil and 400ppm for lard.

河床에 賦有되어 있는 모나자이트에 對하여 : Based on ChoongBuk Province Area 忠北을 中心으로

金相玉,趙璇衡 淸州敎育大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The monazite deposits in south Korea are widely distributed as placer deposits, especially associate with gold placer deposits. The source rock of the monazite placer deposits in Korea are chiefly old aged granite gneiss, granite(chiefly schistose granite and two mica granite), mica schist and pogmatite. When these rocks which contain as much as 0.0018 percent of monazite were destroyed, the monazite bearing heavy sand were deposited mainly at the lower reaches of a river and at ragged beach(prevalently middle east cost) through sedimentation. We can assume that in Choong Bug Province the favorable environment for the monazite placer deposits lie in narrow river (less than 30m in width) and in auriferous strata above the bed rock, which are not far from the source rocks. No vein type deposits are found in Korea. Before 1958, the monazite were actively produced from many placer deposits, but during several years till 1966 a reduction in foreign market demand led to the repose of many monazite mines. Despite of the foreign market depression, from 1964 the domestic demand have increased and led to the production of several manufacturer, like a welding agent fire proof material and radiation. In Choongbuk Province, the Gamgok and Sangkeug area were covered granit gneiss, there are the ratio of Ilmenite 32.7-34.4%, Garnet 23.5-31.1%, Monazite 18.8-22.5%, Zircon 7.2-9.6% and Magnetite 59.6%, and there are included a few of accessory minerals such as epidote and ilomonite. The radio of granite area is as follow: limonite 59.6%, Magnetite 20.8%, Zilcon 8.2%, Monazite 5.6%, and Garnet 3.4%. At Jincheon and Mudbak area, there were covered with mica schist, granite gneiss and aluvium. The ratios of rock forming mineral are Garnet 34.5%, Zilcon 19.5%, Ilmenite 16.5% and Monazite 13.8%. In case of Youngduri area, there is Monazite 0.096% which contained chemical analysis of ThO₂ 5.9% and R₂O₃ 55.3%.

食肉 및 魚肉練製品의 營養成分과 添加物分析

金玉善,河榮得 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1986 科學論集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the general component and food additives in sausage, ham, bacon and fish paste. The qualities of these products were compared based upon the Food Law of Korea. The results of the general component analysis were as follow: In sausages, the percentages of starch, phosphate, added moisture contend and fat content were very high, but those of protein content were low. The qualities of the pork-sausage were relatively better than those of the fish-meat mixed sausage. In hams, the percentage of fat, starch and added moisture content were low, whereas those of protein content were high. In fish paste, the percentages of the total and added moisture content were the highest and those of starch content were relatively high. But those of fat content were very low. The results of food additives analysis were as following: 1) Concentration of nitrite as the precursors of nitrosamine in hams was 14.7ppm/㎏, bacons 10.42ppm/㎏, sausages 1028ppm/㎏. Nitrite content of fish paste was of the least amount among them. 2) Concentration of nitrate in bacons was 220.2ppm/㎏, hams 206.7ppm/㎏ and fish paste 18.0ppm/㎏. Nitrate content of bacon was the highest amount. 3) Concentration of sorbic acid as the preservatives in bacons was 1.79g/㎏, hams 1.50g/㎏ and sausages 1.27g/㎏. 4) By the qualitative analysis of phosphate, the monophosphate was in hams, sausages and fish paste. The addition of up to 70ppm of nitrite in edible meat products, 50ppm of nitrite in fish products and 2g/㎏ of sorbic and in all products are permissible in the food hygienic Law of Korea. Food additives of all the products analyzed were within the limitation.

성직자 음성의 음향학적인 비교 연구

이은선,박상희,조성미,정옥란,석동일 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.3

This study compared the voices of ministers and priests. There has been a common notion that ministers are more passionate than priests in delivering their speech. Therefore, it can be assumed that ministers abuses or misuses his/her voice compared to priests. This study attempted acoustic analysis of the choices of 6 ministers and 5 priests before an after their speech. We measured F0, jitter, shimmer, NNE and HNR using Dr. Speech(version 4.0, Tiger DRS). A t-test was performed to determine any objective differences of their voices. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the voices of ministers and priests before an after their speech. However, there seemed to e an interesting reversed tendency between ministers and priests, although it did not reach a statistical significance. That is, F0 tended to increase after the speech in ministers, whereas it tended to decrease in priests. In addition, HNR tended o decrease after the speech in priests, while it tended to increase in ministers.

충남지역 심근경색 환자들의 식이섬유소 섭취상태와 혈청지질 분포와의 관계

송옥영,김희선 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.5 No.2

Preventive effect of dietary fiber to cardiovascular disease has been known for a long time. Recently, cardiovascular disease emerged as the leading cause of death in Korea. In this study. amount of dietary fiber intake and the effects of dietary fiber on serum lipid levels were investigated among cardiovascular patients. Seventy five out-patients with myocardial infarction(MI) history of more than 3 month past were selected and all subjects were gathered on July 7 for cardiac rehabilitation program. Twenty four hour recall was conducted to investigate amount of dietary fiver intake by trained interviewers. Serum lipid levels were determined on a fasting blood specimen obtained by venipuncture after an interview. Total triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were measure using automatic analyzer and LDL-cholesterol levels were calculated using the Friedewald's equation. The average dietary intake was 5.75/day which was about 34% of average dietary fiber intake level in rual Korea. The average age of the subjects in the present study were 63 and 66% of the subjects were more than 60 years old. Average caloric intake of the subjects were 1511.3㎉. protein intake was 58.2g Since most of the subjects were under nutitional status, the dietary fiber intake level was calculate as the amount per 1000㎉ caloric intake. The average was 3.84g/1000㎉. Total serum triglyceride level was 169.5㎎/㎗, total serum cholesterol level was 188.9㎎/㎗, serum HDL-cholesterol level was 42.1㎎/㎗ and LDL- cholesterol level was 113.0㎎/㎗ The amount of dietary fiber intake and the serum lipid levels did not show any significant correlation. This might be due to the low dietary fiber consumption. The overall food and nutrient consumption of the subjects was very low and modification of patients' poor eating patterns would play a key role to rehabilitate of MI patients.