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The Relationship of Multi-dimensional Accessibilities to Gambling
Ping-Fong Chia,Siew-Cheng Ng 한국문화관광학회 2011 문화관광연구 Vol.13 No.1
Gambling is part of daily life in many Asian cultures. Accessibility is the beginning of the conditioning effects of participation in gambling. Thus, this study attempts to understand the characteristics of gamblers in a town situated in the centre of Johor state in relationship of multidimensional accessibility to gambling. Four dimensions of accessibility, which are (1) geography accessibility, (2) temporal accessibility, (3) social accessibility and (4) financial accessibility were assessing its influence on gamblers. 169 samples were further categorized into non-regular gamblers and regular gamblers. This research was conducted in Kluang town due to its centre location in Johor state contributing its ease of accessibility to Casino de Genting, the only legal casino operator in Malaysia. Furthermore, it is approximately 50 percent of Chinese residents in Kluang. Findings indicated that ease of accessibility, safety and comfort are most concerned by the gamblers Recommendations were developed for the interest of casino management accordance to the needs of the gamblers.
The Relationship of Multi-dimensional Accessibilities to Gambling
Chia,Ping Fong,Ng,Siew Cheng 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0
Gambling is part of daily life in many Asian cultures. Accessibility is the beginning of the conditioning effects of participation in gambling. Thus, this study attempts to understand the characteristics of gamblers in a town situated in the centre of Johor state in relationship of multi-dimensional accessibility to gambling. Four dimensions of accessibility, which are (1) geography accessibility, (2) temporal accessibility, (3) social accessibility and (4) financial accessibility were assessing its influence on gamblers. 169 samples were further categorized into non-regular gamblers and regular gamblers. This research was conducted in Kluang town due to its centre location in Johor state contributing its ease of accessibility to Casino de Genting, the only legal casino operator in Malaysia. Furthermore, it is approximately 50 percent of Chinese residents in Kluang. Findings indicated that ease of accessibility, safety and comfort are most concerned by the gamblers Recommendations were developed for the interest of casino management accordance to the needs of the gamblers.
Computing Thresholds of Linguistic Saliency
( Siaw Fong Chung ),( Kathleen Ahrens ),( Chung Ping Cheng ),( Chu Ren Huang ),( Petr Simon ) 한국언어정보학회 2007 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
We propose and test several computational methods to automatically determine possible saliency cut-off points in Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff and Tugwell, 2001). Sketch Engine currently displays collocations in descending importance, as well as according to grammatical relations. However, Sketch Engine does not provide suggestions for a cut-off point such that any items above this cut-off point may be considered significantly salient. This proposal suggests improvement to the present Sketch Engine interface by calculating three different cut-off point methods, so that the presentation of results can be made more meaningful to users. In addition, our findings also contribute to linguistic analyses based on empirical data.
Phylogeographic study of the Bufo gargarizans species complex, with emphasis on Northeast Asia
이창훈,Jonathan J. Fong,Jian-Ping Jiang,Pi-Peng Li,Bruce Waldman,Jong Ryol Chong,이항,민미숙 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.6
We conduct a phylogeographic and population genetic study of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) to understand its evolutionary history, and the influence of geology and climate. A total of 292 individuals from 94 locations were genotyped for two mitochondrial loci (cytb, ND2) and five nuclear introns (Sox9-2, Rho-3, CCNB2-3, UCH-2, and DBI-2), and we performed a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic, and divergence dating analyses. The phylogenetic trees constructed using mitochondrial loci inferred B. gargarizans being divided into two major groups: China mainland and Northeast Asia (Northeast China, Russia, and Korean Peninsula). As with previous studies of this species, we recover population genetic structure not tied to geographic region. Additionally, we discover a new genetic clade restricted to Northeast Asia that points towards the Korean Peninsula being a glacial refugium during the Pleistocene. The weak phylogeographic pattern of B. gargarizans is likely the result of multiple biological, anthropogenic, and historical factors – robust dispersal abilities as a consequence of physiological adaptations, human translocation, geologic activity, and glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We highlight the complex geologic and climatic history of Northeast Asia and encourage further research to understand its impact on the biodiversity in the region.
( Andrew Li ),( Hiang Ping Chan ),( Phyllis X.L. Gan ),( Mei Fong Liew ),( W.S. Fred Wong ),( Hui-Fang Lim ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.6
Approximately 25% to 40% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have the eosinophilic endotype. It is important to identify this group accurately because they are more symptomatic and are at increased risk for exacerbations and accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in the 1st second. Importantly, this endotype is a marker of treatment responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), resulting in decreased mortality risk. In this review, we highlight differences in the biology of eosinophils in COPD compared to asthma and the different definitions of the COPD eosinophilic endotype based on sputum and blood eosinophil count (BEC) with the corresponding limitations. Although BEC is useful as a biomarker for eosinophilic COPD endotype, optimal BEC cut- offs can be combined with clinical characteristics to improve its sensitivity and specificity. A targeted approach comprising airway eosinophilia and appropriate clinical and physiological features may improve identification of subgroups of patients who would benefit from biologic therapy or early use of ICS for disease modification.
Cough Inhibition Activity of Schisandra chinensis in Guinea Pigs
Shan Zhong,Li-Ping Bai,Xiao-Dong Liu,Die-Yi Cai,Lee-Fong Yau,Chu-Qin Huang,Jia-Qi Zhang,Ke-Fang Lai,Nan-Shan Zhong 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.4
Chronic cough is very common in respiratory clinics, and no effective drugs are available. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis), an important traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively prescribed for patients with a persistent cough. Preliminary research indicated that 95% ethanol extracts (EE) of S. chinensis showed remarkable antitussive activity in guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). To find out the antitussive ingredients of S. chinensis, EE was divided into four fractions according to the polarity: petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (ECE), n-butyl alcohol extract, and residue extract. The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the four fractions were evaluated in a guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity induced by CS exposure. Eighteen main constituents of the two effective fractions, PEE and ECE, were identified using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography electronic spray ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cough inhibition activities of compound 1, 3, 9, 10, 17 were evaluated on citric acid induced acute cough guinea pigs. The results showed that the antitussive activity of EE was almost all contained in PEE and ECE. The 16 major peaks in PEE were identified as 15 lignans (1–12 and 14–16) and 1 triterpene (compound 13), and 3 major peaks (1, 17, and 18) in ECE were also identified as lignans. Three doses of five compounds brought about a significant decrease in number of cough efforts (P < .01), and the cough inhibition rates were between 40.9% and 85.1%. Therefore, lignans are the antitussive ingredients of S. chinensis.