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FEATURED Biotechnology for Industrial Sustainability
Bull, Alan T . 한국화학공학회 2001 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.18 No.2
Until recently waste production was seen as an inevitable outcome of industrial production and processing, and a problem that could be managed by end-of-pipe and in situ biotreatment, disposal, or simply be ignored. However the introduction of clean, or cleaner, technology options now is focussing attention on the minimisation of materials and energy use, and waste generation, and upon recycle. Thus clean technology has emerged as a concept that is compatible with industrial sustainability, and whose environmental benefits and economic competitiveness have been demonstrable over a range of industrial sectors. Biotechnology is an enabling technology that offers one important route to clean products and processes; it provides powerful and versatile tools that can compete with chemical and physical means of reducing both material and energy consumption, and the generation of wastes and emissions. The wide penetration of biotechnology in industry has still to occur but many examples of its ability to deliver clean and competitive products and processes are now available particularly through the development and application of biocatalysts. The introduction of clean or cleaner processing does not necessarily entail a complete change in manufacturing strategy or the refitting of plant. Upgrading existing manufacturing processes by fitting biotechnology unit stages illustrates the opportunities for such intermediate technology. Nevertheless, for biotechnology to achieve its full potential as a basis for clean industrial products and processes beyond its current applications, innovative R&D will be needed. The successful application of biotechnology as a clean technology is illustrated in this review through a series of case studies, while the innovative nature of biotechnology in this context is demonstrated by the development and application of novel biocatalysts.
Bull, Mathew M.,Chung, Woo Jin,Anderson, Sarah R.,Kim, Su-jeong,Shim, In-Bo,Paik, Hyun-jong,Pyun, Jeffrey Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.29
<P>The synthesis of ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles with polymeric ligands with tunable particle size is reported on multi-gram scales. End-functional polystyrene ligands were prepared <I>via</I> atom transfer radical polymerization. Mechanistic studies on this system were conducted as well as direct comparisons of polymer <I>vs.</I> small molecule ligand effects on nanoparticle formation.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The manuscript describes a facile method to prepare ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles with unprecedented control of particle size over a range of 18 to 43 nm in multi-gram quantities per batch. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm01042a'> </P>
Neutron irradiation of alloy N and 316L stainless steel in contact with a molten chloride salt
Ezell, N. Dianne Bull,Raiman, Stephen S.,Kurley, J. Matt,McDuffee, Joel Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.3
Capsules containing NaCl-MgCl<sub>2</sub> salt with 316L stainless steel or alloy N samples were irradiated in the Ohio State University Research Reactor for 21 nonconsecutive hours. A custom irradiation vessel was designed for this purpose, and details on its design and construction are given. Stainless steel samples that were irradiated during exposure had less corrosive attack than samples exposed to the same conditions without irradiation. Alloy N samples showed no significant effect of irradiation. This work shows a method for conducting in-reactor irradiation-corrosion experiments in static molten salts and presents preliminary data showing that neutron irradiation may decelerate corrosion of alloys in molten chloride salts.
오창조의불(Oh Chang-Jo-Ui-Bull),이강준(Lee Gang-Joon),정제창(Jeong Je-Chang) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2006 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-
본 논문에서는 영상 압축에 있어서 사용되는 새로운 고속 움직임 추정 기법에 대해 소개한다. 전역 탐색 블록 정합 알고리즘(FSBMA)은 최상의 PSNR을 갖는 화질로 움직임 벡터룰 추정할 수 있지만 높은 계산량으로 인하여 실시간 구현에 부적합하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 계산량을 낮추면서 유사한 화질을 유지할 수 있는 많은 고속 탐색 기법들이 제안되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 잘 알려진 고속 블록 정합 알고리즘을 수정 보완한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 움직임 추정에서의 고속 블록 정합 알고리즘에 있어 변형된 다이아몬드(Diamond) 탐색 기법을 이용하여 영상이 갖는 서로 다른 움직임 패턴에 대해 움직임의 방향성에 따라 적응적으로 탐색 방향과 패턴을 달리하면서 움직임을 예측하여 다이아몬드(Diamond)탐색 알고리즘과 유사한 화질을 유지하면서 보다 적은 계산량을 가지고 움직임 벡터를 추정할 수 있다. 또한 이를 PMVFAST(Predictive Motion Vector Field Adaptive Search Technique)와 결합함으로서 보다 좋은 화질을 가질 수 있다.
Sweetly Improving Sugars? Reviewing Cinnamon's Effects on Blood Glucose
Wesley Nuffer,Shasta Tall Bull,Hebat Bakhach,Monika Nuffer 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.1
Cinnamon is a spice that has been used in various cultures for centuries for its potential health benefits. While there are health claims for a variety of health conditions, it has continuously been explored for its ability to improve glucose handling in diabetes. Cinnamon is a very popular supplement used by patients with diabetes to help normalize blood glucose levels. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the available evidence evaluating effects on diabetes and glucose handling with the use of various species of cinnamon. The intention was to summarize the existing evidence for cinnamon's effects on blood glucose, both for safety and efficacy, to help guide providers and consumers alike. Reviewing the available literature for the different types of cinnamon and their effects on the diabetes disease process, there are multiple proposed mechanisms for how cinnamon could improve diabetes, including increasing insulin sensitivity by multiple receptor signaling pathways, reducing inflammation, enhancing glucose uptake by effects on glucose transporter proteins, and effects on gastric emptying, and blocking glucose absorption. There appears to be conflicting evidence on whether cinnamon produces any significant effect on glucose parameters, and the extent of these effects. There are several variables that could explain these conflicting data, such as patient sample size, doses and formulations of cinnamon used, baseline patient characteristics, and study duration. A more in-depth evaluation and rating of the available evidence could help clarify this, but data suggest that in some circumstances, cinnamon may have modest effects on improving glucose handling in adults. The safety profile also has been demonstrated to be extremely favorable, with very few adverse events reported in the active treatment groups across all studies. Based upon these data, clinicians should consider cinnamon to be a potential adjunctive therapy to traditional diabetes treatments, and should be open to discussing this with patients expressing interest in the supplement.