Fabrication and Characterization of an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template with Variations in the Anodization Solution for pH Sensors

Jo, Ye-Won,Lee, Sung-Gap,Yeo, Jin-Ho,Kim, Kyeong-Min American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.11

<P>In this study, an electrolyte-dielectric-metal (EDM) device incorporating a high-k (high dielectric constant) Al2O3 sensing template from porous anodic aluminum-oxide (AAO) was fabricated through a two-step anodizing process for pH detection. In order to change the morphologies of the AAO template, the anodization solution was varied by controlling the electrolyte. Getting the AAO template having a structure through this experiment was EDM measure the pH sensitivity changes according to the surface area. AAO templates were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The anodic aluminum oxide template for pH sensors went through the following steps: 1st anodizing step at 90 V for 6 h (0.3 M, H3PO4); 2nd anodizing step at 90 V for 1 min (H3PO4 0.3 M); and pore widening for 30 min. The device displayed a good sensitivity of 54.2 mV/pH.</P>

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Sung Hee Park,Jae Hyeong Kim,Sang Gi Min,Yeon Ji Jo,Ji Yeon Chun 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170°C, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of ≤ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

Determining the Optimal Cooking Time for Cooking Loss, Shear Force, and Off-Odor Reduction of Pork Large Intestines

Sung-Su Kim,Yee Eun Lee,ho Hyun Kim,Joong-Seok Min,Dong Gyun Yim,Cheorun Jo 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal cooking time by considering the cooking loss, shear force, and off-odor reduction of pork large intestines. Commercial pork large intestines were purchased, quartered perpendicularly, and cooked in boiling water for 40, 120, 180, and 240 min. Cooking loss of the samples increased after 240 min of cooking (10.92, p<0.05) while shear force value was lower at 240 min (4.45) compared to that at other cooking times (p<0.001). The amount of major volatile organic compounds showed a decreasing trend with increasing cooking time. In particular, the amount of methyl pentanoate (17,528.71) and methyl isobutyrate (812.51), compounds with a relatively low odor threshold, decreased significantly after 120 min of cooking and no change was observed thereafter (p<0.05). In addition, the amount of 2-pentanol (3,785.65) and 1-propanol (622.26), possibly produced by lipid oxidation, significantly decreased at the same cooking time (p<0.001). In the principal component analysis, only the 40 min cooking time was significantly different from other cooking time by high amounts of 1-propanol, 2-pentanol, and methyl isobutyrate. In conclusion, in the present study, the optimal cooking time for pork large intestines was 120 min in terms of off-odor reduction, cooking loss, and shear force.

미더덕의 생리활성이 향상된 아임계수 추출물의 제조

조민지(Min-Ji Jo),한지경(Ji-Kyoung Han),성수창(Su-Chang Sung),이승철(Seung-Cheol Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.11

미더덕의 이용 다변화를 위하여 아임계수 추출물을 제조하고 생리활성을 평가하였다. 미더덕은 동결건조 분말 상태로 10, 30, 60분 동안 다양한 온도(50, 100, 200, 300℃)에서 추출되었다. 아임계수 조건은 ACE 저해 활성, 항산화 활성, AChE 저해 활성과 같은 중요한 생리학적 특성을 상당히 증가시켰다. 200℃, 60분 추출물에서 가장 높은 ACE 저해활성을 나타냈으나 더 높은 온도 조건인 300℃에서는 급격히 감소하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 ABTS라디칼 소거능은 300℃, 30분 추출물에서 공통적으로 가장 높은 값을 보였고, AChE 저해 활성 또한 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 아임계수 추출이 미더덕의 생리활성을 증가시키는 유용한 가공방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. For diverse application of Styela clava (Korean name: miduduck) as a food material, subcritical water (SCW) extract was prepared and its physiological activity was evaluated. To accomplish this, S. clava powder (0.1 g) was placed in a stainless vessel containing 10 mL of distilled water, after which SCW extraction was carried out at 50, 100, 200, and 300℃ for 10, 30, and 60 min. SCW treatment significantly increased important physiological properties of the extract such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The highest ACE inhibitory activity was found in samples subjected to SCW extraction at 200℃ for 60 min; however, the activity decreased at higher temperature (300℃). The SCW extract of S. clava prepared at 300℃ for 30 min showed the highest antioxidant activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities] and AChE inhibitory activity. These results indicate that SCW extraction might be a useful method for increasing the physiological activity of S. clava.

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Park, Sung Hee,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Min, Sang-Gi,Jo, Yeon-Ji,Chun, Ji-Yeon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

총경동맥 폐쇄시간에 따르는 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : 실험적 연구 An Experimental Cat Model

강준기,성태경,조병일,백민우,김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1983 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.12 No.3

The microvasculature of the brain is also quite susceptible to ischemic insult, and substantial portions of the brain are not reperfused after restoration of the blood supply following overtime of critical ischemic periods. The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effects of ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow measurements and cortical electric activities following reperfusion after ischemia and also to define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible neural damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by bilateral common carotid occlusions for periods of 10, 30, to 60 minutes, and the blood supply was reperfused for 3 hours after clamp-off. Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance technique following ischemia, restoration of blood supply and electroencephalogram recovery could be predicted according to the rCBF. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.0㎏ were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 cats each : normal control, 10 min-clamped, 30 min-clamped, and 60 min-clamped groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The mean rCBF was 24.6±7.0㎖/100g/min in control group. 2) Bilateral carotid occlusions resulted in a reduction of the rCBF(12.4±4.1㎖/100g/min) to 50% of control flow on both hemispheres. 3) Sequential changes of the rCBF after reperfusion : (1) There was restored the rCBF(21.3±5.1㎖/100g/min) to control flow in the 10 minutes-clamped group. (2) There was a 85% recovery of control flow in the 30 minutes-clamped group. (3) There was a only 25% recovery of control flow in the 60 minutes-clamped group. 4) A close correlation was found between cortical electrical activity and rCBF suggesting a threshold relationship. (1) The changes of cortical electric activity began to notice at rCBF less than 17.4±4.7㎖/100g/min. (2) The recovery of cortical electric activity noted at rCBF more than 10.2±2.3㎖/100g/min. 5) There was no evidence of ischemic involvement at the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia in the 10 minutes clamped group, but demonstrated a dense wedge shaped infarct at the cortex and uncus herniation in the 60 minutes clamped group. The rCBF and cortical electric activity restored to normal values in reperfusion within 10 minutes after occlusion of both common carotid arteries.

다양한 냉동 및 해동공정 조합이 표고버섯의 품질에 미치는 영향

심준보 ( Jun Bo Shim ),조연지 ( Yeon Ji Jo ),최미정 ( Mi Jung Choi ),민상기 ( Sang Gi Min ),유선미 ( Seon Mi Yoo ),천지연 ( Ji Yeon Chun ) 한국산업식품공학회 2015 산업 식품공학 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 다양한 냉동방법(강제송풍식냉동, 극저온냉동, 일반냉동)과 해동방법(자연해동, 유수해동, 초음파해동, 전자레인지해동)을 조합하여 처리했을 때 표고버섯의 물리적 품질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, 표고버섯의 품질을 유지하는 가장 효과적인 냉·해동 공정을 탐색하는 것이 목적이었다. 급속냉동법(강제송풍식냉동, 극저온냉동)으로 처리한 경우 표고버섯의 해동감량, 보수력, 수분함량은 큰 변화 없이 품질을 유지 하는데 효과적인 것으로 관찰되었다. 특히 보수력은 저속냉동(일반냉동) 및 저속해동(자연해동) 처리의 유무가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전단력의 경우 냉동방법에 의한 영향보다, 전처리 및 해동방법에 더 영향을 받는 것을 판단된다. pH 및 색도는 냉동방법 및 해동방법에 따라 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 표고버섯의 물리적 특성을 효과적으로 유지 할 수 있는 처리 조합은 급속냉동(극저온냉동) 및 급속해동(유수해동, 초음파해동, 전자레인지해동)을 한 경우이며, 또한 유지하고 하는 물리적 특성에 따라 냉동 및 해동방법을 다양하게 조합하여 처리한다면, 식품의 품질을 보존하는데 더욱 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. In this study, the potential of various freezing and thawing combinations was investigated for frozen storage of mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Lentinula edodes were sliced (5×5×50 mm) and then blanched in boiling water for 1 min. Samples were frozen by either natural air convection freezing (NCF, -24℃), air-blast freezing (ABF, -45℃), or liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF, -100℃). Frozen Lentinula edodes were thawed to a central temperature of 4℃ using either flowing water thawing (FT, 10℃), microwave thawing (MT, 400 W), sonication thawing (ST, 40 kHz, 10℃), or natural air convection thawing (NT, 20±5℃). In LNF Lentinula edodes, MT showed the most rapid thawing within 2.5 min followed by ST (30 min), FT (37 min), and NT (75 min). Quality attributes were evaluated by thawing loss, texture (hardness), water content, water holding capacity, pH, and color. A combination of LNF and MT induced the lowest thawing loss among tested combinations of each freezing and thawing. Thawing loss of frozen Lentinula edodes by LNF method was the lowest by MT. pH values NT of ABF method were significantly higher than blanched Lentinula edodes. In our study, MT minimized the quality changes of frozen Lentinula edodes when it was combined with ABF or LNF.

원인 불명의 실신 환자의 진단에 있어서 Head - up tilt Test 의 유용성과 혈관미주신경성 실신 환자의 임상적 특징

윤호중(Ho Joong Youn),정욱성(Wook Sung Chung),백상홍(Sang Hong Baek),김철민(Chul Min Kim),박인수(In Soo Park),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),최규보(Kyu Bo Choi),홍순조(Soon Jo Hong) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

N/A Background: Syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness, is a frequently encountered symptom, but despite thorough clinical and invasive diagnostic investigation, the cause of syncope remains unexplained. In recent years, head-up tilt test has been of increasing interest as a diagnostic aids in patients with unexplained syncope. We studied to define the usefulness of various diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with recurrent syncope, to assess the usefulness of head-up tilt test in the working of syncope of unknown origin and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of subgroups of patients with syncope induced by head-up tilt test. Methods: Between June, 1991 and November, 1992 at St. Mary`s hospital, 21 patients with history of syncope and 24 control subjects without history of syncope underwent 60° head-up tild test for 60 min. Results: 1) The definite cause for recurrent syncope were diagnosed in 10 of patients (47,6%) after clinical and invasive tests. 2) During head-up tilt test, vasovagal responses were provoked in 5 of 21 patients (23.8%) with recurrent syncope and 1 of 24 patients (4.2%) without syncope (p<0,05). 3) The head-up tilt test induced symptomatic bradycardia or hypotension in 3 of 10 patients (30%.) with negative electrophysiologic results. 4) During tilt induced vasovagal response, a) mean heart rate decreased to 42±24 beat/min from supine control of 70±12 beat/min (p<0. 05), b) mean systolic blood pressure decreased to 95±12 mmHg from supine control of 120±S mmHg (p<0,05), c) mean diastolic blood pressure decreased to 60±21mmHg from supine control of 72±13 mmHg (p<0.05), d) the time interval to onset of vasovagal response was 22±12 min. Conclusions: 1) In a large proportion of patients with recurrent syncope, the diagnosis remains unexplained despite a neurologic and cardiologic investigation including an electrophysiologic study. 2) Vasovagal responses are frequent cause in patients with recurrent unexplained syncope. 3) The head-up tilt test may be a simple, safe and highly yielding provocative test in the investigation of syncope of unknown origin.

동충하초 투여가 최대하 운동 시 지방연소에 미치는 영향

김철우,이용수,이상현,이상호,하민수,윤영조,이재일 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of Cordyceps militaris on fat oxidation during submaximal exercise. Fifteen healthy male collegiate students(ingestion group, N=7; control group, N=8) participated as subjects after signing an informed consent following overnight, subjects completed maximal graded execise test on treadmill to determine exercise intensity(50%VO2max). To evaluate the fat oxidation using indirect calorimeter, it was performed submaximal treadmill to determine exercise lasting. 40min at 50%VO2max after 5day and consumed Cordyceps militaris on separate days. This study was used 2×4 two way repeated ANOVA to analyze physiological and metabolic variables between two groups and metabolic variables between two groups and four exercise periods(l0min, 20min, 30min 40min), and used Scheffe to post-hoc test. Significance was set at α=.05. The results of this study were as followed: First, there were significantly highest in ingestion group for V02, percentage of fat oxidetion(%fat), fat per kilocarolies(Fkcal), and total per kilocarolies(Tkcal)(p<.05), but respiratory exchange ration(RER) and heart rete(HR) were significantly lower in ingestion group(p<.05). Second, RER, %fat, Fkcal were significantly difference in 10, 20, 30, 40min of exercise period(p<.05). This results suggest that there is the effect of Cordyceps militaris on fat oxidation submaximal exercise. Additionally, to evaluate effect of Cordyceps militaris as ergogenic aid, it should be required the future study that included extend subjects, various dosage, and chronic consumption.

疾病管理 및 保健敎育에 關한 問題點과 改善方案 : 忠南地域의 初, 中, 高等學校를 中心으로 Focused on the Elementary, Middle and High School in Chungnam Province

趙誠曇,閔春基 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.1

This study, based on the survey that was obstained by fourty-nine schools in Chungnam province, was performed to analyze and grasp the controversial point of disease management and remedy in elementary. middle and high schools. The results of study were as follows: 1. This examination of students' disease. according to the guiding principle of disease management of education ministry, had to be performed in elementary. middle and high schools. but the eighty-five percentage of all schools was only performed. 2. The fundamental health education was not performed more than 50% in every school. Moreover, it was pointed out that the seventy-five percentage of all the school revealed the insuffiency in performing health education. By the same token, The purpose of study is to make a little contribution to promote the health education and remedy through improving the negative aspects of health education. such as, the lack of knowledge about health education, the indifference of students in health lessons, the failure of showing concern about health education in both parents and educators, etx. With these situations expanding, the negative aspects of health education will have an influence on each home, all the local areas so much. To improve all these factors of health education, it must be realized that the health ecucation, one of the physical training curriculums for the general school, is necessary to to expanded as a device to activate the health ecucation. It should be performed as not a part of physical education, but a regular subject as soon as possible, Also. The experts who specialized in health education training should charge the health class in every shool.