Performance of Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting Patient Eligibility for Liver Transplantation Based on the Milan Criteria

Jang, Hwi Young,Choi, Joon-Il,Lee, Young Joon,Park, Michael Yong,Yeo, Dong Myung,Rha, Sung Eun,Jung, Eun Sun,You, Young Kyoung,Kim, Dong Goo,Byun, Jae Young Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2017 Journal of computer assisted tomography Vol.41 No.1

<P>Conclusions: Gd-EOB-MRI showed high specificity but poor sensitivity for assessing transplant eligibility based on MC when adopting the conventional radiological hallmarks of HCC. Our modified criteria showed significantly better sensitivity and accuracy than the conventional radiological hallmarks.</P>

Investigation of Degrading Permafrost and Gas Hydrate beneath the Beaufort Shelf, Arctic (2013-2014 KOREA-CANADA-USA BEAUFORT SEA INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM)

Young Keun Jin,Jong Kuk Hong,Young Gyun Kim,Scott Dallimore,Charles Paull,Michael Riedel,Humfrey Melling 대한지질학회 2015 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Genotoxicity Studies on Carrageenan : Short-term In Vitro Assays

Young-Shin Chung,Ki-Hwan Eum,Seon-A Choi,Se-Wook Oh,Sue Nie Park,Young-Na Yum,Joo-Hwan Kim,Young-Rok Seo,Michael Lee 한국독성학회 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.1

Carrageenan is a naturally-occurring sulfated polygalactan which has been widely used in the dairy industry and a gelling agent in non-dairy products. In this study, four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of carrageenan. The mutagenicity of carrageenan was evaluated up to a maximum dose of 5 ㎎/plate in Ames test. There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control at any dose in all of strains tested. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. Carrageenan was not considered to be clastogenic in this assay at up to the highest feasible concentration which could be evaluated. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that carrageenan has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, our results indicate that carrageenan was not genotoxic based on four in vitro genotoxicity results.

In Vitro Studies on the Genotoxic Effects of Wood Smoke Flavors

Young-Shin Chung,Jun-Ho Ahn,Ki-Hwan Eum,Seon-A Choi,Se-Wook Oh,Yun-Ji Kim,Sue Nie Park,Young-Na Yum,Joo-Hwan Kim,Michael Lee 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.4

Smoke flavors based on the thermal decomposition of wood have been applied to a variety of food products as an alternative for traditional smoking. Despite its increasing use, the available genotoxicity data on wood smoke flavors (WSF) are still controversial. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of WSF in four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. WSF did not cause any mutation in the Ames assay using five tester strains at six concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ㎕/plate. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. No statistically significant increase in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations was observed at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ㎕/㎖. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that WSF has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, based on the results obtained from these four in vitro studies, it is concluded that WSF is not a mutagenic agent in bacterial cells and causes no chromosomal and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro.

Original Articles : Ultrasonographic Measurement of the Ligamentum Flavum Depth; Is It a Reliable Method to Distinguish True and False Loss of Resistance?

( Michael Hae Jin Pak ),( Won Hyung Lee ),( Young Kwon Ko ),( Sang Young So ),( Hyun Joong Kim ) 대한통증학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.2

Background: Previous studies have shown that if performed without radiographic guidance, the loss of resistance (LOR) technique can result in inaccurate needle placement in up to 30% of lumbar epidural blocks. To date, no study has shown the efficacy of measuring the depth of the posterior complex (ligamentum flavum, epidural space, and posterior dura) ultrasonographically to distinguish true and false LOR. Methods: 40 cervical epidural blocks were performed using the LOR technique and confirmed by epidurograms. Transverse ultrasound images of the C6/7 area were taken before each cervical epidural block, and the distances from the skin to the posterior complex, transverse process, and supraspinous ligament were measured on each ultrasound view. The number of LOR attempts was counted, and the depth of each LOR was measured with a standard ruler. Correlation of false and true positive LOR depth with ultrasonographically measured depth was also statistically analyzed. Results: 76.5% of all cases (26 out of 34) showed false positive LOR. Concordance correlation coefficients between the measured distances on ultrasound (skin to ligamentum flavum) and actual needle depth were 0.8285 on true LOR. Depth of the true positive LOR correlated with height and weight, with a mean of 5.64 ± 1.06 cm, while the mean depth of the false positive LOR was 4.08 ± 1.00 cm. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of the ligamentum flavum depth (or posterior complex) preceding cervical epidural block is beneficial in excluding false LOR and increasing success rates of cervical epidural blocks. (Korean J Pain 2012; 25: 99-104)

Computational discovery of pathway-level genetic vulnerabilities in non-small-cell lung cancer

Young, Jonathan H.,Peyton, Michael,Seok Kim, Hyun,McMillan, Elizabeth,Minna, John D.,White, Michael A.,Marcotte, Edward M. Oxford University Press 2016 Bioinformatics Vol.32 No.9

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Novel approaches are needed for discovery of targeted therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are specific to certain patients. Whole genome RNAi screening of lung cancer cell lines provides an ideal source for determining candidate drug targets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Unsupervised learning algorithms uncovered patterns of differential vulnerability across lung cancer cell lines to loss of functionally related genes. Such genetic vulnerabilities represent candidate targets for therapy and are found to be involved in splicing, translation and protein folding. In particular, many NSCLC cell lines were especially sensitive to the loss of components of the LSm2-8 protein complex or the CCT/TRiC chaperonin. Different vulnerabilities were also found for different cell line subgroups. Furthermore, the predicted vulnerability of a single adenocarcinoma cell line to loss of the Wnt pathway was experimentally validated with screening of small-molecule Wnt inhibitors against an extensive cell line panel.</P><P><B>Availability and implementation:</B> The clustering algorithm is implemented in Python and is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/youngjh/nsclc_paper.</P><P><B>Contact:</B>marcotte@icmb.utexas.edu or jon.young@utexas.edu</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B>Supplementary data are available at <I>Bioinformatics</I> online.</P>

Squint Free Phased Array Antenna System using Artificial Neural Networks

Young-Ki Kim, Do-Hong Jeon, Michael Thursby 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.3

Re-engineering the mitochondrial genomes in mammalian cells

Young Geol Yoon,Michael D Koob,Young Hyun Yoo 대한해부학회 2010 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.43 No.2

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles composed of two discrete membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They have long been recognized as the generators of energy for the cell and also have been known to associate with several metabolic pathways that are crucial for cellular function. Mitochondria have their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is completely separated and independent from the much larger nuclear genome, and even have their own system for making proteins from the genes in this mtDNA genome. The human mtDNA is a small (~16.5 kb) circular DNA and defects in this genome can cause a wide range of inherited human diseases. Despite of the significant advances in discovering the mtDNA defects, however, there are currently no effective therapies for these clinically devastating diseases due to the lack of technology for introducing specific modifications into the mitochondrial genomes and for generating accurate mtDNA disease models. The ability to engineer the mitochondrial genomes would provide a powerful tool to create mutants with which many crucial experiments can be performed in the basic mammalian mitochondrial genetic studies as well as in the treatment of human mtDNA diseases. In this review we summarize the current approaches associated with the correction of mtDNA mutations in cells and describe our own efforts for introducing engineered mtDNA constructs into the mitochondria of living cells through bacterial conjugation.

Searching for Members of the Scorpius Centaurus Region

Young Kwang Kim,Moo-Young Chun,A-Ran Lyo,Hwan kyung Sung,Inseok Song,John R. Stauffer,Michael S. Bessell,Soo-Chang Rey 한국천문학회 2009 天文學會報 Vol.34 No.2

農村保健地域 어린이 營養調査 總括

朴明潤,金英淑,牟壽美 대한보건협회 1981 대한보건연구 Vol.7 No.1

This is an overall assessment of the child nutrition survey which was conducted in three primary health care project areas of the Korean Health Development Institute, in February, August and December of 1979. Determination was made on a total of 541 rural pre-school children, aged one to six, from those project areas of Hong Cheon county, Kangwon province; Okgu county, Cheonbuk province; and Gunee county of Kyungbuk province in Korea. The following results were obtained: 1. Demographics and living conditions Over 72% of subjects were from families having three or more children. The mean family size was 5 and nearly half of the subjects had 5, or more persons in their families. The paternal level was higher than the maternal; 94.5% of fathers in contrast to 88.3% of mothers had completed education at or above the elementary school level. About 65% of the mothers were between 25 and 34 years of age. Approximately three fourth of those families, 72.4%, had monthly incomes below 129,000 won. 2. Anthropometric results Values of height and weight of subjects were found not to be improved significantly over the Korean standard of 1975 which was reported by the Korean pediatric association. The mean percentage of weight for height for boys 4 to 6 years old were 15.3 to 16.9, in contrast to 17.7 to 17.9 for boys of the same age group from the Yowido apartment compound in Seoul. 3. Intake of nutrients Carbohydrates provided 73.1 to 82.5% of total energy input, whereas fat and protein accounted for 7.4 to 14.9% and 10.1 to 12%, respectively. Thus, these data showed too high a dependence on carbohydrates for energy, compared to the Korean recommended energy contribution ratio. The dependence on carbohydrates for energy in this study was slightly above that reported for a low income groups by Choi and Kim et al. (74.9 to 76.2%), and was significantly higher than that observed in the upper income group from the Yowido apartment compound by Lee and Hyun et al. (61 to 61.4%), but was similer to that observed in the rural area of Yongin country, Kyunggi province, by Mo et al. (79.7 to 83.8%). The energy intake of children, excluding 1-year olds, was 61.5 to 69% of the requirement, and mean protein intake only met 52.2 to 57.6% of the requirement, far below the requirement. The contribution of animal proteins to total protein was only 17.4 to 23.4%. Thus, the protein nutrition of the subjects was proven to be inadequate quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The animal proteins were mostly provided from low cost fish and clams. Mean daily fat intake was as low as 8.5 to 10.6 grams, and 40 to 59.3% of this was derived from vegetable sources. Low intake of calcium, iron and riboflavin was also found. 4. Hematologic Findings Mean hemoglobin value was 11.1 to 12gm/100ml., and 27.9% of subjects were below the borderline indicative of anemia according to the criteria of the WHO; by contrast, anemia was found among only 3.2% of young children in the Yowido apartment compound. Mean hematocrit value was 35.0 to 37.7%, and 33.0% of subjects were below acceptable level. Anemia among children of a low income group of Seoul, reported by Tchai et al. (up to 55.6%), was higher than that observed in this study, according to the criteria of the WHO. 5. Weaning practices About 72% of the subjects were breast-fed before introduction of supplementary foods. This was slightly higher than for those living in the low income area of Seoul and significantly higher than those of the upper income area of Seoul. Onset of supplementary feeding before the age of 6 months was 20.2%, and between the ages of 7 and 12 months was 57.2%. 22.6% of subjects began to be introduced to the supplementary foods after 12 months, Only 23.4% of mothers completly terminated breast feeding within 12 months, and 32.5% terminated within 13 to 18 months. Nearly one third of the subjects continued tmtil the child is 19 to 24 months old, although 14.5% continued until the child was over 2 years old, or even 3, in accordance with the arrival of the next baby. The motives for weaning were various, such as: baby wants to share other new foods from adult family meals in addition to mother's milk (49.7%); breast milk (49.7%); breast milk secretion is not enough to feed a baby (22.2%); weaning seems good for baby's health (18%); pregnancy during lactation (3.9%); doctor, relatives or neighbours encourage introduction of supplementary food (2.6%); and others (3.6%). The supplementary foods used most frequently at the beginning of weaning were boiled rice and rice porridge. As for methods of terminating breast feeding, 47.8% of the subjects were naturally terminated, while 42.7% were forced to terminate by the application of medicines such as mercurochrome, iodine tincture, antiphlamine, bitter-tasting antibiotics, aspirin, analgesic spray to the mother's nipples, although 9.5% were terminated with difficult efforts without the use of medicine. According to the results of the assessments, authors found a clear difference of growth values and dietary patterns between rural and urban poor or urban upper income groups of Seoul. Authors wish this study can be contributed, as a reference, to develop the community health and nutrition programmes, and activities of improving the nutritional status of growing children from the low income communities of rural and those from the urban areas.