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Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>
Lin, Chunfu,Xin, Yuelong,Cheng, Fuquan,Lai, Man On,Zhou, Henghui,Lu, Li The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor $Li^+$ ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.
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Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li4Ti5O12
Chunfu Lin,Li Lu,Yuelong Xin,Fuquan Cheng,Man On Lai,Henghui Zhou 한국진공학회 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor Li+ ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.
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Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li4Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>
Chunfu Lin,Yuelong Xin,Fuquan Cheng,Man On Lai,Henghui Zhou,Li Lu 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor Li<SUP>+</SUP> ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.
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Li, Chengbin,Li, Zhenghua,Oh, Hwa Yong,Hong, Gyong Hee,Park, Jin Seo,Kim, Ji Man Elsevier 2018 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.307 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Highly ordered mesoporous Cu-Mn-Ce ternary metal oxide materials with various Cu/Mn molar ratios were successfully synthesized by using a nano-casting method from a mesoporous silica template with a cubic <I>Ia</I>3<I>d</I> mesostructure. The ternary metal oxide materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N<SUB>2</SUB>-sorption, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, H<SUB>2</SUB>-temperature programmed reduction and CO-temperature programmed desorption. The XRD results indicated that the materials did not show any diffraction peaks corresponding to copper and manganese oxides, ensuring the formation of Cu<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>Mn<SUB>0.2-<I>x</I> </SUB>Ce<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>x</I> =0–0.2). The WGS activity of the ternary metal oxide catalysts increased as the molar ratios of Cu/Mn increased. Among the catalysts, the mesoporous Cu<SUB>0.18</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.02</SUB>Ce<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity in low temperature range with zero methane yield. Moreover, this catalyst showed excellent catalytic stability during the reaction. The observed enhancement in the WGS performances were attributed to high surface area, uniform crystalline framework with increased structural defect, highly dispersed copper and manganese within the ceria lattice or on the surface, and strong metal support interaction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ordered mesoporous Cu-Mn-Ce ternary metal oxide catalyst showed an excellent WGS reaction performances. </LI> <LI> Copper and manganese, incorporated within the CeO<SUB>2</SUB> lattice, enhanced the activity. </LI> <LI> Mesoporous ternary metal oxides exhibited good nanostructural and catalytic stabilities. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Ke, Xiwei,Li, Dongfang,Zhang, Man,Jeon, Chung-hwan,Cai, Runxia,Cai, Jin,Lyu, Junfu,Yang, Hairui Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. 2019 Fuel processing technology Vol.186 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It is difficult to maintain enough high circulating ash rate in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers if they burn the Indonesian coals due to their low ash content. Hence, the ash formation data for these coals is of significance to assessing mass balance in CFB boilers. Two kinds of Indonesian coal that were burned in the 550 MW supercritical CFB boilers in Korea, Kideco and KCH, were tested with static combustion and cold sieving method to study their ash formation characteristics. Results showed that the average primary ash particle size of these two coals is quite fine overall and nearly no gangue exists. Besides, their attrition rate constant <I>K</I> <SUB>af</SUB> is much higher than that of some other bituminous or lean coals, and with the increase of particle size, the <I>K</I> <SUB>af</SUB> decays exponentially for Kideco, while it initially increases and then decreases for KCH. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of these two Indonesian coals' ash obviously change in particle size, including density, pore structure, chemical composition, etc. The larger ash particles are composed of some hard materials, such as quartz (SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and mullite (Al<SUB>6</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>13</SUB>). While some other materials with lower hardness value, like hematite (Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) and gehlenite (Ca<SUB>2</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>7</SUB>), become major mineral components of smaller and softer ash particles. These results indicate that the difference of chemical compositions results in the discrepancy of attrition capability for different size ash particles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two kinds of Indonesian coal were tested to obtain their ash formation data. </LI> <LI> The ash properties obviously change in particle size. </LI> <LI> The difference of chemical compositions may result in the discrepancy of attrition rate for different size ash particles. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>The ash attrition rate of low-rank coals including these two Indonesian coals is much higher than that of some other bituminous or lean coals, and larger ash particles are more difficult to be worn.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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You, Dae Jong,Kim, Do Hyung,De Lile, Jeffrey Roshan,Li, Chengbin,Lee, Seung Geol,Kim, Ji Man,Pak, Chanho Elsevier 2018 Applied catalysis. A, General Vol.562 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pd-based core-shell alloy-supported catalysts were prepared sequentially via a microwave-assisted polyol method and galvanic replacement. To investigate the effect of the core composition on the catalytic activity of such catalysts, three different Pd alloy cores (PdNi, PdCu, and PdNiCu) were prepared on carbon supports using a polyol method. Then, Pd and Ir were introduced simultaneously to form shells on the Pd alloy cores by galvanic replacement in aqueous solution, thereby producing catalysts designated as PdNi@PdIr/C, PdCu@PdIr/C, and PdNiCu@PdIr/C. X-ray diffraction revealed that all three catalysts exhibited the face-centered cubic structure of Pd without the presence of individual phases for Ni, Cu, and Ir. The core-shell structure of the Pd-based alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support was verified by the electron energy loss spectroscopy line profile of a 25 nm nanoparticle of PdNiCu@PdIr/C. Among the three Pd-based core-shell catalysts, the highest electrochemical surface area and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was observed for PdNiCu@PdIr/C. In addition, the membrane electrode assembly employing the PdNiCu@PdIr/C catalyst displayed a significantly improved voltage compared to the other two catalysts under high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell conditions at 150 °C. Single-cell durability tests conducted to measure the voltage change at a constant current density of 0.2 A cm<SUP>−2</SUP> showed a decay ratio of 12.3 μV h<SUP>−1</SUP>. These results suggest that the composition of the core in core-shell nanoparticles has an important influence on both the electronic properties in the Pd alloy core and compressive lattice strain on the PdIr shell. Control of these synergistic effects provides a new approach for developing catalysts with high ORR activity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Three catalysts with PdNi, PdNiCu and PdCu cores and a PdIr shell were prepared by polyol method and galvanic replacement. </LI> <LI> A membrane electrode assembly with PdNiCu@PdIr/C catalyst showed the significantly improved performance and durability. </LI> <LI> The core component of core-shell catalysts has important role to improve the activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Qing-Qing Zhang,Wen-Qiang Li,Zeng-Bin Lu,Li-Li Li,Yi Yu,Chao Li,Xing-Yuan Men 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
Rhopalosiphum padi is a sap-sucking aphid and an important pest of wheat that causes considerable yield loss. Beta-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, has a broad insecticide spectrum and is considered effective for aphid control, while its residual concentrations may have sublethal effects on R. padi. Here, the sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin on R. padi were conducted under laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity test showed that LC 10 , LC 20 , and LC 25 of beta-cypermethrin to R. padi adults were 0.003, 0.031 and 0.079 mg L −1 , respectively. The pre-adult survival rate was significantly reduced by all three concentrations. LC 20 significantly extended the development duration of 1st instar nymphs, pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period of R. padi. The adult longevity was also reduced by LC 25 . However, the fecundity did not differ between the betacypermethrin treatment and control. For life table parameters, both the finite rate (λ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) decreased at LC 10 and LC 20 , as well as the net reproductive rate (R 0 ) reduced at LC 10 and LC 25 , while mean generation time (T) increased at LC 20 . Thus, at the concentrations of beta-cypermethrin tested here, there were negative impacts on R. padi fitness by decreased pre-adult survival rate, λ, r, and R 0 , and delayed the development of some stages and increased T.
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Li, Xiao,Shi, Xiaodan,Zou, Man,Luo, Yudi,Tan, Yali,Wu, Yexu,Chen, Lin,Li, Pei The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2015 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.43 No.3
In this paper, the autolysis process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FX-2 (S. cerevisiae FX-2) via, a variety of endogenous enzyme, was investigated systematically by analyzing changes in physicochemical parameters in autolysate, surface morphology and the internal structure of the yeast cells. As an explicit conclusion, the arisen autolysis depended on the pH and the optimal pH was found to be 5.5. Based on the experimental data and the characteristics of mycelia morphology, a hypothesis is put forward that simple proteins in yeast vacuolar are firstly degraded for utilization, and then more membrane-bound proteins are hydrolyzed to release hydrolytic enzymes, which arouse an enzymatic reaction to induce the collapse of the cell wall into the cytoplasm.
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Strength and Mechanism of Carbonated Solidified Clay with Steel Slag Curing Agent
Man Li,Qiang Wang,Jingdong Yang,Xiaoliang Guo,Wenjun Zhou 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.3
Industrial wastes, such as steel slag and desulfurized gypsum, are piled up in large quantities and only a very small portion is recycled, adversely impacting natural ecosystems. Meanwhile, environmental problems caused by CO2 have increasingly received attention. Hence, this study introduces a novel environmentally friendly composite, formed by sodium hydroxide (used as an activator), desulfurized gypsum and steel slag (S-GS). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential use of S-GS for solidifying clay under the condition of carbonation curing. Besides, the samples’ characteristics are investigated according to the tests of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), pH, carbonation depth, quality loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that the UCS of solidified clay decreases with the increasing water content while it increases first and then decreases with the increasing desulfurized gypsum content, reaching the maximum when the water content is 0.5 times the liquid limit and the content of desulfurized gypsum is 8%. Moreover, compared with the standard curing, carbonation curing can stimulate the activity of S-GS to improve the UCS of samples more effectively. With the increasing carbonation curing time, the mass loss rate and carbonation depth of samples increase while the pH value decreases. Additionally, based on the normalized analysis, the carbonation time has the most significant effect on the UCS. Furthermore, the SEM results indicate that formation of Calcium carbonate and Magnesium carbonate are primary reasons for improving the UCS of the stabilised clay during carbonization. This research promotes steel slag and desulfurized gypsum as green stabilisers for soil stabilization, and the method of carbonation curing contributes to the higher UCS, which also greatly shortens the curing time.
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