한중 동물 속담의 문화적 의미 대조

Liu Xue Fei 한국어교육연구학회 2018 한국어교육연구 Vol.- No.9

옛날부터 동물과 인류는 관계(인연)를 깊이 맺어오고 있었기 때문에 인류의 생산과 생활 관계가 매우 밀접하다. 동시에 동물에 관한 속담은 오랫동안 민족의 정신문화에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이번 논문에서는 한국과 중국의 동물에서 나타나는 출현 빈도가 높은 동물 속담을 조사하여 두 나라 사이의 언어와 문화이동 사례를 비교하고 분석해 보고자 한다. 한중 양국 동물에 관한 속담을 통해서 양국의 농사, 기후, 풍속, 생활습관과 욕 문화 등의 다양한 문화 차이를 볼 수 있다. 이를 통해서 또한 양국인의 사고방식과 언어 습관의 공통점과 차이점도 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 한국어를 배우는 중국인, 중국어를 배우는 한국인에게 작은 도움이 될 수 있을 것이 바란다. 특히 오늘날과 같이 교류 현상이 두드러지고 있는 현실을 감안할 때에 이 연구의 필요성은 절실하다. Some of the Korean language norms, even if they are intended to be used by Korean users correctly, have a high incidence of the spelling errors due to the problem of regulation itself. An example is the more complicated and more cryptic rules by allowing different allomorph for forms that appear to have the same basic morpheme. Even if these regulations take maximum consideration of the characteristics of Korean language, there is a high possibility that the user will cause a spelling error from the beginning, compared to the simple rules. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the complexity of Korean language norms on the errors of the users spelling. In order to accomplish this purpose, this paper collected and analyzed errors in three types of morphemes which are spelled Korean users. As a result, the spelling error rate of Korean users was found to be very high. For example, in the case of ‘neolttarata’, the error rate is 211.8%, in the case of ‘subeol’, the error rate is 75%, in the case of ‘wicheung’, the error rate is 97.1%, compared to the correct spelling. This paper will be useful for revising related Korean language norms, which can improve the convenience and accuracy of spelling of Korean users in the future by verifying empirically the cases.

Investigation on Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion of a Novel Anticancer Platinum Compound by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry after Intravenous Administration to Rats

Qing-fei Liu,Xue Li,Qiang Su,Guo-an Luo,Yi-ming Wang,Wei-ping Liu 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.11

SM54111 [cis-3, 5-diisopropylsalylic cyclohexanodiaminoplatinum (Ⅱ), Saliplatin] is a novel platinum compound with encouraging anticancer effect. In order to get more useful information in multiple species for the security evaluation, dosage design, and drug delivery design, its pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats after intravenous administration were investigated in this study. Based on its pharmacokinetics in plasma, the distribution of SM54111 in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, adipose, testicle, or ovaries of rats sampled at 0.5 h, 1 h, and 3 h after intravenous administration were determined utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Its amounts in urine and feces were determined at 8 sampling times till 96 h as well. It was proved that SM54111 fitted open two-compartment model in rats, with wide distribution in tissues and slow excretion. Its reasonable pharmacokinetic properties in rats make this novel platinum compound worthy of further research and development.

Enhanced carrier transport and visible light response in CA-β-CD/g-C3N4/Ag2O 2D/0D heterostructures functionalized with cyclodextrin for effective organic degradation

Xue Li,Tingting Liu,Fei Tian,Xiyang Tao,Zhansheng Wu 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.11

The high cost and low carrier separation efficiency of g-C3N4/Ag2O photocatalysts affect its application in the degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, the CA-βCD/g-C3N4/Ag2O 2D/0D heterojunction photocatalysts were successfully prepared to enhance the visible light response and inhibit the electron-hole recombination simultaneously during pollutant degradation. The 10:1:1 CA-βCD/g-C3N4/Ag2O showed the outstanding photochemical catalysis performance for the degradation of organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency of methyl orange, reactive black and norfloxacin was 2.53, 1.92 and 1.14 times than that of 1:1 g-C3N4/Ag2O. In addition, 10:1:1 CA-β-CD/g-C3N4/Ag2O also showed excellent photocatalytic stability. The free radical scavenging experiment and electron spin resonance proved that ·O − 2 was the chief active specie in the degradation process. The mechanism research results showed that the formation of heterojunction improved the utilization rate of sunlight and promoted the separation efficiency of photo-generated electrons and holes, which significantly advanced the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalyst. The preparation of CA-βCD/g-C3N4/Ag2O provided ideas for modification of photocatalyst by macromolecular organic matter.

Nonsurgical correction of a severe anterior deep overbite accompanied by a gummy smile and posterior scissor bite using a miniscrew-assisted straight-wire technique in an adult high-angle case

Xue-Dong Wang,Jie-Ni Zhang,Da-Wei Liu,Fei-fei Lei,Yan-Heng Zhou 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.4

In the present report, we describe the successful use of miniscrews to achieve vertical control in combination with the conventional sliding MBT<SUP>TM</SUP> straightwire technique for the treatment of a 26-year-old Chinese woman with a very high mandibular plane angle, deep overbite, retrognathic mandible with backward rotation, prognathic maxilla, and gummy smile. The patient exhibited skeletal Class II malocclusion. Orthodontic miniscrews were placed in the maxillary anterior and posterior segments to provide rigid anchorage and vertical control through intrusion of the incisors and molars. Intrusion and torque control of the maxillary incisors relieved the deep overbite and corrected the gummy smile, while intrusion of the maxillary molars aided in counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, which consequently resulted in an improved facial profile. After 3.5 years of retention, we observed a stable, well-aligned dentition with ideal intercuspation and more harmonious facial contours. Thus, we were able to achieve a satisfactory occlusion, a significantly improved facial profile, and an attractive smile for this patient. The findings from this case suggest that nonsurgical correction using miniscrew anchorage is an effective approach for camouflage treatment of high-angle cases with skeletal Class II malocclusion.

The Effect of Transformation on the Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Xue-Mei Zhang,Yi-Bing Yin,Dan Zhu,Bao-De Chen,Jin-Yong Luo,Yi-Ping Deng,Ming-Fang Liu,Shu-Hui Chen,Jiang-Ping Meng,Kai Lan,Yuan-Shuai Huang,Ge-Fei Kang 한국미생물학회 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.4

Although pneumococcus is one of the most frequently encountered opportunistic pathogen in the world, the mechanisms responsible for its infectiveness have not yet been fully understood. In this paper, we have attempted to characterize the effects of pneumococcal transformation on the pathogenesis of the organism. We constructed three transformation-deficient pneumococcal strains, which were designated as Nos. 1d, 2d, and 22d. The construction of these altered strains was achieved via the insertion of the inactivated gene, comE, to strains 1, 2 and 22. We then conducted a comparison between the virulence of the transformation-deficient strains and that of the wild-type strains, via an evaluation of the ability of each strain to adhere to endothelial cells, and also assessed psaA mRNA expression, and the survival of hosts after bacterial challenge. Compared to what was observed with the wild-type strains, our results indicated that the ability of all of the transformation-deficient strains to adhere to the ECV304 cells had been significantly reduced (p < 0.05), the expression of psaA mRNA was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in strains 2d and 22d, and the median survival time of mice infected with strains 1d and 2d was increased significantly after intraperitoneal bacterial challenge (p < 0.05). The results of our study also clearly indicated that transformation exerts significant effects on the virulence characteristics of S. pneumoniae, although the degree to which this effect is noted appears to depend primarily on the genetic background of the bacteria.

Genetic variations in the bitter taste receptor gene TAS2R38 are related to cigarette smoking behavior in Han Chinese smokers

Qi Fei-Yan,Zhu Zhou-Hai,Li Meng,Guan Ying,Peng Qi-Yuan,Lu She-Ming,Liu Zhi-Hua,Wang Ming-Feng,Miao Ming-Ming,Chen Zhang-Yu,Li Xue-Mei,Bai Jie,Yao Jian-Hua 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.11

Background: Smoking behavior is influenced by multiple genes, including the bitter taste gene TAS2R38. It has been reported that the correlation between TAS2R38 and smoking behavior has ethnicity-based differences. However, the TAS2R38 status in Chinese smokers is still unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the possible relationship between genetic variations in TAS2R38 (A49P, V262A and I296V) and smoking behaviors in the Han Chinese population. Methods: The haplotype analyses were performed and smoking behavior questionnaire was completed by 1271 individuals. Genetic association analyses for smoking behavior were analyzed using chi-square test. Further, for investigating the molecular mechanism of TAS2R38 variants effect on smoking behavior, we conducted TAS2R38-PAV and TAS2R38-AVI expression plasmids and tested the cellular calcium assay by cigarette smoke compounds stimulus in HEK293. Results: Significant associations of genetic variants within TAS2R38 were identified with smoking behavior. We found a higher PAV/PAV frequency than AVI/AVI in moderate and high nicotine dependence (FTND ≥ 4; X2 = 4.611, 1 df, p = 0.032) and strong cigarette smoke flavor intensity preference (X2 = 4.5383, 1 df, p = 0.033) in participants. Furthermore, in the in vitro cellular calcium assay, total particle matter (TPM), N-formylnornicotine and cotinine, existing in cigarette smoke, activated TAS2R38-PAV but not TAS2R38-AVI-transfected cells. Conclusion: Our data highlights that genetic variations in TAS2R38 are related to smoking behavior, especially nicotine dependence and cigarette smoke flavor intensity preference. Our findings may encourage further consideration of the taste process to identify individuals susceptible to nicotine dependence, particularly Han Chinese smokers.

The most energetic modes of thermal structure in the convective boundary layer

Lei Liu,Fei Hu,Xue-ling Cheng 한국기상학회 2011 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10-2

Hysteresis of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to CO₂ forcing

Chao Liu,Soon-Il An,Fei-Fei Jin,Jongsoo Shin,Jong-Seong Kug,Wenjun Zhang,Malte F. Stuecker,Xinyi Yuan,Aoyun Xue,Xin Geng,Soong-Ki Kim 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Hysteresis of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to CO₂ forcing

Chao Liu,Soon-Il An,Fei-Fei Jin,Jongsoo Shin,Jong-Seong Kug,Wenjun Zhang,Malte F. Stuecker,Xinyi Yuan,Aoyun Xue,Xin Geng,Soong-Ki Kim 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

Early Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA as a Potential Biomarker of Disease Recurrence in Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer

Xiaochen Fei,Xinxing Du,Yiming Gong,Jiazhou Liu,Liancheng Fan,Jiayi Wang,Yanqing Wang,Yinjie Zhu,Jiahua Pan,Baijun Dong,Wei Xue 대한암학회 2023 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.55 No.3

Purpose In non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) setting, it is important to early identify the patients at risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) for immediate postoperative intervention. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for predicting disease recurrence.Materials and Methods This real-world observational study evaluated 161 cases of nmPCa undergoing next-generation sequencing at our institution. A total of 139 ctDNA samples and 31 biopsied tumor tissue underwent genomic profiling. The study endpoint was BCR after radical prostatectomy. Relationships between the ctDNA status and the biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) were analyzed by log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression.Results Of 161 enrolled patients, 19 (11.8%) harbored deleterious alterations in <i>NCOR2</i>, followed by <i>BRCA2</i> (3.7%), <i>ATR</i> (2.5%), and <i>CDK12</i> (2.5%). Of available pre-operative blood samples (n=139), ctDNA was detectable in 91 (65.5%). Until last follow-up, 56 of 68 patients (85.3%) with detectable ctDNA had achieved BCR, whereas only eight of 39 patients (20.5%) with undetectable ctDNA had achieved BCR. Patients who had undetectable ctDNA experienced significantly longer bPFS compared with those who had detectable ctDNA (not available vs. 8.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.14; p < 0.01). Pre-operative ctDNA status was a significant prognostic factor of disease recurrence.Conclusion Pre-operative ctDNA detection could identify patients at high risk of recurrence and has the potential to inform immediate postoperative interventions, but these approaches remain to be validated in prospective studies. ctDNA studies can provide insights into accurate monitoring and precise treatment rather than simply following routine clinical care.