만성관절염과 루푸스의 피로, 통증, 및 통증효능감에 관한 연구

임난영,이은영,양용숙,정순애,차경옥,이여진 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 2000 근관절건강학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study was designed to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the degree of symptoms such as fatigue, pain, coping to pain, and efficacy on pain, and to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for improving coping ability to pain along each characteristics of disease in chronic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The subjects were 135 outpatients in the hospital for rheumatic disease in H-University, Seoul. The data were collected by structural questionnaire, from April 29 to June 29, 1999. The results were that the fatigue score was high in the OA patients while the RA patients and SLE patients experienced middle range of fatigue score, but which was not statistically different. Although the RA patients felt higher pain than other diseases, they have well coped with their pain than the others. In efficacy on pain the SLE patients had higher score than others but all of the disease showed lower score. No statistically significant difference among the three croup was recorded in efficacy on pain. Therefore, pain management in the RA patients was primary nursing intervention because they felt severe pain and have well coped with pain while they had lower pain efficacy score than the others. It is also important that fatigue management and coping strategies on pain for the OA patients and SLE patients are specially supportive in the nursing intervention.

후두 편평세포암종에서 Galectin-1 및 -7의 발현 의의

김건형,강차영,윤혁수,도남용,조성일,임성철 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Background and Objectives: The role of different Galectins in the pathogenesis of different types of malignancy is being profoundly investigated recently. In this study, the author investigated the level of Galectin-1 and -7 in the layngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue to define its relationship to the tumor progression. Materials and Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 77 patients, who were diagnosed as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from 1993 to 2007, were immunohistochemically stained for Galectin-1 and -7. Results: Galectin-1 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage and nodal involvement. Galectin-7 expression was increased in better differentiated tumors. Conclusion: Expression of Galectin-1 and -7 can be used as a valuable indicator in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma under certain limitations.

ARB 가공된 순동에서 소량의 잔류원소가 인장 거동에 미치는 영향

장영환,김상식,한승전,임차용,김창주 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.10

With the rapid advancement in electronic industries, there is a great interest on the nano grain sized, high-purity copper, which possesses both high-strength and high-conductivity, produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The nano grain sized materials, in general, show the unconventional mechanical behavior as a result of extremely high density of grain boundary area causing a rapid dynamic recovery during deformation. The commercially available, high-purity copper usually contains a small amount of trace phosphorous, and the presence of such element is believed to affect the rate of dynamic recovery, and eventually tensile behavior of pure copper. In the present study, the effect of trace phosphorous on the tensile behavior of accumulative roll bond (ARB)ed high-purity copper was examined. Both 99.99% pure oxygen-free copper (OFC) and 99.9% pure deoxidized high phosphorous copper (DHP) were used for the present study. It was found that the tensile strength of OFC ceased to increase after 2 ARB process cycles, while that of DHP increased continuously with ARB process up to 8 cycles, suggesting that the presence of trace phosphorous affected the rate of dynamic recovery significantly. Finally, it was discussed how the trace phosphorous affected the tensile behavior of ARBed, high-purity copper, based on the SEM, TEM and DSC(differential scanning calorimeter) observations. (Received February 17, 2004)

Influence of Low Temperature Working on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si-(Fe) Alloys

Lim, Cha Yong,Umezawa, Osamu,Nagai, Kotobu 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.5

Changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Si-(Fe) alloys by low temperature working have been investigated. The size and shape of eutectic Si and intermetallic AlSiFe compound were controlled by the low temperature working process. This process consisted of repeated cold working at 77 K and recovery treatment at 793 K. By applying this process to the Al-7Si-1Fe alloy, the eutectic Si and acicular Fe compound(β-AlSiFe) phases were broken down to the size of 2-3 ㎛, with spherical shape. The refined particles were uniformly distributed, and a fine microstructure was obtained. The: strength and elongation of Al-7Si-1Fe alloy increased as the temperature was lowered due to the microstructural refinement. This elongation was well reflected in the fracture surface.

Fabrication of Ultrafine Grained Copper Alloy by 3-Layers Accumulative Roll-Bonding Process

Lim, Cha Yong,Kim, Hyoung Wook,Lee, Seong Hee Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2010 Key Engineering Materials Vol.443 No.-

<P>The 3-layers accumulative roll bonding process (ARB) has been attempted to increase the strength of copper alloy (Cu-0.02wt.%P) by refining grain size. The 3-layers accumulative roll bonding was conducted up to 7 cycles at room temperature without lubrication. Microstructural evolution of the copper alloy with the number of the 3-layers ARB cycles was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). The average grain size has been refined from 20 μm before ARB to 170 nm after 7 cycles of 3-layers ARB. More than 70% of ultrafine grains formed by 3-layers ARB were composed of high angle grain boundaries. The average misorientation angle of ultrafine grains was 30.7 degrees in the center of the specimen. Tensile strength after 7 cycles of 3-layers ARB was 605 MPa, which is about 3.2 times higher than the initial value.</P>

Ferrous Alloys : LOW TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF HIGH Mn STEELS

Cha Yong Lim 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1995 Advanced Material and Processing Vol.3 No.-

Microstructural Characteristics of Cu-Fe-P Alloys Severely Deformed by Accumulative Roll Bonding Process

Lim, Cha Yong,Han, Seung Zeon,Lee, Seong Hee Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Materials science forum Vol.539 No.-

<P>The accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process is one of the methods to refine the grain size of metallic materials. The ARB process up to 8 cycles was performed for the pure Cu and Cu- Fe-P (PMC-90) alloy at ambient temperature under no lubricant conditions. In the pure Cu, the nano-sized grains were formed after third cycle with an average grain size of 200nm. Once the 200 nm grains formed, further reduction in the grain size was not observed up to the 8 ARB process cycles. On the other hand, the formation of the stable nano-sized grains in PMC-90 alloy was retarded compared to the pure Cu due to the alloying elements. For both alloys, the tensile strength values increased drastically in the initial stage of ARB process. The tensile strength values of both alloys tended to saturate after the third ARB process cycle. The tensile elongation value greatly decreased by 1 cycle of ARB process due to the strain hardening. After the third cycle of ARB process, each alloy showed a gradual increase in tensile elongation due to the dynamic recovery. For PMC-90 alloy, the strength value is higher than that of OFC due to addition of the alloying elements.</P>

Formation of Nano-Sized Grains in Cu and Cu-Fe-P Alloys by Accumulative Roll Bonding Process

( Cha Yong Lim ),( Seung Zeon Han ),( Seong Hee Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.12 No.3

Mechanical properties and formation of nano-sized grains in Cu and Cu-Fe-P alloys by the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process were investigated. Nano-sized grains were successfully obtained in OFC and PMC-90 alloys by the ARB process after the third cycle. Once the 200 nm grains formed, further reduction in the grain size was not observed up to 8 ARB process cycles. For both alloys, the tensile strength values increased drastically in the initial stage of the ARB process. The tensile strength values of both alloys tended to saturate after the third ARB process cycle. The tensile elongation value greatly decreased by 1 cycle of the ARB process due to the strain hardening. After the third cycle of the ARB process, each alloy showed a gradual increase in tensile elongation due to the dynamic recovery. For PMC-90 alloy, the strength value was higher than that of OFC due to addition of the alloying elements. With increased annealing temperature, the nano-sized grains tended to grow in OFC at 150℃, and after annealing at 200℃, coarse grains formed. On the other hand, in PMC-90 alloy, there was no grain growth up to 250℃ due to the alloying elements (Fe, P).

자료 흐름도에서 구조도로의 자동 변환에 관한 연구

임용섭(Yong Seop Lim),차신(Cha Shin),권용래(Yong Rae Kwon) 한국정보과학회 1995 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

CASE환경에서 설계 기준에 적합한 좋은 구조도를 생성하려면 자료흐름도로부터 구조도를 자동 변환할 필요가 있다. 많은 CASE도구들이 자동변환기를 갖추고 있지만 그 결과들은 사람에 의한 수동적인 변환에 의한 구조도들과는 많은 차이가 있다. 수동적인 변환의 결과에 근접하는 구조도를 생성하기 위해서는 자료 흐름도의 의미적인 분석과 소프트웨어 설계 기준의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 퍼지 개념에 기반을 둔 변환 분석을 위한 각 프로세스의 복잡도 메트릭을 정의한다. 그리고 설계 기준의 정량화된 척도를 제시하고 이를 구조도의 상세화에 사용하는 방법을 제시한다.

새롭게 진단된 제 2 형 당뇨병 환자에서의 좌심실 이완기 기능 장애

차영수(Young Soo Cha),최홍엽(Hong Yup Choi),박진경(Jin Kyoung Park),이준(Jun Lee),임상욱(Sang Wook Lim),차동훈(Dong Hoon Cha),홍은경(Eun Kyoung Hong),박석원(Seok Won Park),김유리(Yu Lee Kim),조용욱(Yong Wook Cho),이상종(Sang Jong Le 대한내과학회 2002 대한내과학회지 Vol.62 No.4

목적 : 심부전증은 당뇨병 환자에서의 중요한 사망 원인이며 자율신경병증, 고인슐린 혈증, 고지방 혈증 등에 의해 유발될 수 있는 좌심실 이완기 기능 장애는 심부전증의 위험 요인으로 알려져 있다. 또한 유병 기간이 1년 이내인 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서도 이러한 변화가 있다는 보고가 있다. 이에 저자들은 처음 제2형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 환자를 대상으로 심초음파를 시행하여 좌심실 이완기 기능 장애 여부를 평가하였다. 방법 : 1996년 12월부터 1998년 6월까지 분당 차병원에 내원하여 처음으로 제2형 당뇨병을 진단 받은 환자들을 대상으로 하였다 (n=20, 당뇨병 환자군). 대상 환자들은 어떠한 치료도 받지 않은 상태에서 심초음파를 시행하였다. 대조군은 분당 차병원 건강 검진에 내원한 환자 중 아무런 질환이 없는 20명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 당뇨병 환자군과 같은 방법으로 심초음파를 시행하였다. 모든 대상 환자들의 혈압, 심박수, 혈중 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백, 저밀도 지단백을 측정하였다. 결과 : 연령, 혈압, 심박수, 혈중 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백, 저밀도 지단백 등의 임상적 특징은 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 심초음파 검사 결과에서 심구혈율, 좌심실 질량 지표, 좌심실 이완기말 직경도 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 E/A ratio는 당뇨병 환자군에서 1.06±0.28로 대조군의 1.60±0.27에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었으며 (p<0.01) 등용성 이완 시간도 당뇨병 환자군과 대조군이 각각 90.8±18.7 ms, 75.0±15.2 ms로 당뇨병 환자군에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었다 (p<0.01). 마지막으로 감속 기간은 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 진단 당시에 자율신경병증, 고지혈증, 고인슐린 혈증에 의한 좌심실 질량의 증가에 선행하여 좌심실 이완기 기능의 장애가 나타날 수 있다고 생각되므로 당뇨병 환자에서 동반될 수 있는 당뇨병성 심근증은 당뇨병의 초기부터 특별한 관심과 추적 관찰이 필요하다고 생각된다. Background : Heart failure is one of the major cause of premature mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus. It has been well recognized that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction caused by autonomic neuropathy, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia might be a preceding underlying mechanism of heart failure in diabetes. Also, an impairment of diastolic function in early diabetic patients has been reported in some literature. So, we evaluated the diastolic function in newly diagnosed diabetics with echocardiography. Methods : All patients with newly diagnosed NIDDM in Pundang Cha general hospital from December 1996 to June 1998 were enrolled (n=20). The 20 healthy volunteers comparable for age, sex, body surface area were enrolled as a control group. The echocardiography was performed in all patients before any treatment. Blood pressure, pulse rate, fasting and postprandial sugar and insulin level, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were also checked in all patients. Results : There were no significant difference in blood pressure, pulse rate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level between both groups. E and A ratio of mitral inflow and peak diastolic velocity of pulmonary vein flow were significantly decreased in NIDDM group compared with control group (p<0.01). But there were no significant difference in left ventricular mass index, isovolumic relaxation time, deceleration time and peak atrial reversal velocity. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that an impairment of left ventricular diastolic function occurs early in the NIDDM and investigation of diastolic function should be performed in the clinical evaluation of early diabetic patients.(Korean J Med 62:422-429, 2002)