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Detection of Soybean Mosaic Virus Using RT-PCR
Yul-Ho Kim,Ok-Sun Kim,Bong-Choon Lee,Jae-Hwan Roh,Myoung-Ki Kim,Dae-Joon Im,Il-Bong Hur,Sang-Chul Lee 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.3
Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect SMV strains. A pair of oligonucleotide primers were designed to include the cylindrical inclusion (CI) coding region between 4,176 to 5,560 nt. Amplification from the total RNA extracted from infected plants with SMV yielded a 1,385 bp DNA fragment. RT-PCR was shown to be 103 times more sensitive than the ELISA assay and it could detect a virus in 10-6 dilution. Restriction enzyme analysis of RT- PCR products using EcoR I showed that SMV isolates were classified into six groups according to the patterns of restriction fragments.
The Design and Implementation of Anomaly Traffic Analysis System using Data Mining
Lee, Se-Yul,Cho, Sang-Yeop,Kim, Yong-Soo Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2008 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.8 No.4
Advanced computer network technology enables computers to be connected in an open network environment. Despite the growing numbers of security threats to networks, most intrusion detection identifies security attacks mainly by detecting misuse using a set of rules based on past hacking patterns. This pattern matching has a high rate of false positives and can not detect new hacking patterns, which makes it vulnerable to previously unidentified attack patterns and variations in attack and increases false negatives. Intrusion detection and analysis technologies are thus required. This paper investigates the asymmetric costs of false errors to enhance the performances the detection systems. The proposed method utilizes the network model to consider the cost ratio of false errors. By comparing false positive errors with false negative errors, this scheme achieved better performance on the view point of both security and system performance objectives. The results of our empirical experiment show that the network model provides high accuracy in detection. In addition, the simulation results show that effectiveness of anomaly traffic detection is enhanced by considering the costs of false errors.
Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy under lateral decubitus position
Sang Hyup Lee,Youn Joo Jung,Hyuk Jae Jung,Jee Yeon Kim,Ki Seok Choo,Kyung Jin Nam,Hyun Yul Kim 대한외과학회 2015 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.90 No.1
Purpose: Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) has been established as a standard method for histological diagnosis of microcalcification or nonpalpable breast lesions on mammography. Generally, the procedure has been done under the prone position or upright sitting position. We herein attempt to evaluate clinical utility of Stereotactic VAB under lateral decubitus position. Methods: One hundred six women (mean age, 51.2 years) with mammographically detected microcalcification underwent lateral decubitus positioning VAB using the 8G probe. In all cases, we obtained mammography specimens for identification of microcalcification and postprocedure mammography. We reviewed mean procedure time, pieces of specimen, pathology and follow-up mammography. Results: The procedure took approximately 20 minutes (range, 15–24 minutes). Average number of obtained specimens was 8.5 pieces (range, 6–12 pieces). Microcalcifications were confirmed in both specimen mammography and microscopic slides. Of 106 cases, 10 cases were diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ. Additional surgical management was performed. Atypical ductal hyperplasias were found in 8 cases, and fibrocystic changes in 88 cases. Conclusion: Stereotactic VAB using the 8G probe under lateral decubitus position does not need a dedicated table, and is easier to maintain the position. Also, this procedure is accurate and safe. Thus, stereotactic VAB using the 8G probe under lateral decubitus position will be a useful method for diagnosis of microcalcification or nonpalpable breast lesions on mammography.
Lee Dong-Woon,Yang Jae-Yun,Han Gun-Young,Choo Ho-Yul,Lee Sang-Myeong,Kim Hyeong-Hwan,Park Chung-Gyoo,Choo Young-Moo Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain, Steinernema sp. GSNUS-4 strain, Steinernema sp. GSNUS-14 strain, Steinernema sp. GSNUS-16 strain, Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH-2 strain, and Heterorhabditis sp. GSNUH-3 strain were evaluated for the biological control of pellucid zygaenid. Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), a leaf-feeding insect pest of Euonymus japonica Thunberg. In addition, persistence of S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain on E. japonica foliage was checked. Nematode species, strain, and concentration influenced infectivity of Korean EPNs against 3rd instar of P. sinica larvae. S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was the most effective nematode. Larval mortality by S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain in the exposure experiments was low in both light and dark conditions representing 36.7% at 100 infective juveniles/larva in each dark and light condition. Mortality by fenitrothion, however, was 100% 3 days later. Infectivity of S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was not different between non-exposed foliage and exposed foliage to sunlight for 30 min. Mortality of 4th instar of P. sinica larvae was very low for both S. carpocapsae Pocheon alone and S. carpocapsae Pocheon with spreading agent. Application time of nematodes, shading, and leaf position on the tree influenced persistence of S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain on E. japonica foliage. Nematode survival on foliage was positively correlated with shading level and higher at the lowest level than the middle or upper level of the tree.
User friendly molecular breeding platform by analyzing soybean genomes
Yul Ho Kim,Tae-Young Hwang,Hyang Mi Park,Seuk Ki Lee,Man Soo Choi,Kwang Ho Jeong,Min Jung Seo,Hong Tai Yun,Sun Lim Kim,Young-Up Kwon,Ik-Young Choi,Ho-Sung Yoon,Suk-Ha Lee,Jong Bhak,Sunghoon Lee 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
Resequencing data is actively used for searching QTL or analyzing genetic diversity in the crops. However, the complexity of genome, caused by genome duplication, limits the utility of genome-wide association studies and linkage analyses to identify genes that regulate agronomically valuable traits. Here, we propose a comparative genomics approach based on core or common variation-based recombination blocks (CRB) using single nucleotide variation (SNV) density information. We found that the soybean genomes are assembled with long and distinct CRBs as large as 10Mb. CRB-based comparative genomics enabled us to accurately identify recombination blocks at the whole-chromosome level. We identified the Ih locus that determines the yellow hilum color in soybeans using CRB-based mapping with representative indel markers. These results suggest that the CRB-based comparison method is a promising platform for molecular breeding and map-based cloning.
Diniconazole 처리가 일일초와 샐비어의 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향
Sung-Hwan Choi(최성환),Jum-Soon Kang(강점순),Young-Whan Choi(최영환),Yong-Jae Lee(이용재),Young-Hoon Park(박영훈),Mi-Ra Kim(김미라),Beung-Gu Son(손병구),Hyeun-Kyeung Kim(김현경),Hong-Yul Kim(김홍열),Wook Oh(오욱),Hak-Bo Sim(심학보) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.7
따라서 본 실험에서는 생장 억제에 효과 있는 기존의 생장억제제인 스미세븐은 고가의 생장억제제이므로 이을 대신할 수 있으며 지금까지는 주로 살균제로 사용되고 있는 빈나리의 농도별 처리가 일일초과 샐비어의 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 일일초와 샐비어 모두 빈나리처리에 의해서 생장이 억제되었다. 두 식물체 모두 빈나리 100 ㎎/ℓ 처리가 스미세븐 5 ㎎/ℓ보다 높은 생장억제효과를 나타내었다. 빈나리 처리에 의해서 두 식물체 모두 엽장은 감소하였으나 엽폭은 큰 변화가 없었다. 그 결과 엽형이 둥굴어지는 현상이 나타났다. 개화소요일수는 일일초과 샐비어 모두 대조구에 비해 빈나리 처리시 증가하였다. 일일초의 꽃수는 빈나리 400 ㎎/ℓ 처리를 제외하고 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었다. 샐비어의 경우 빈나리 100, 200 ㎎/ℓ 처리에 의해서 소화수가 증가하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of uniconazole (Sumiseven), an existing expensive growth retardant, and diniconazole (Binnari), used as a cheap germicide, on the growth and flowering of Vinca major and Salvia splendis for the possibility of substitution for expensive growth retardants. The growths of V. major and S. splendis were retarded by Binnari treatment. The effect of Binnari 100 ㎎/ℓ treatment was higher than that of Sumiseven 5 ㎎/ℓ treatment in both plants. The length of leaves was remarkably retarded by Binnari treatment, however, the width of leaves was only slightly retarded, giving the leaf a round shape. The number of days to flowering was increased by Binnari treatment in both in V. major and S. splendis. The number of days to flowering in V. major showed no significant difference compared to the control except by treatemtn with Binnari 400 ㎎/ℓ. The number of florets of S. splendis increased with treatment with Binnari 100 and 200 ㎎/ℓ.
Sung-Chan Yang,E-Hyun Shin,Kyu-Sik Chang,Jong Yul Roh,Mi-Yeoun Park,Wook-Gyo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
As a part of disease vector and possible overseas inflow caused by global warming monitoring around airport and port area, the distribution of domestic mosquitoes was investigated using BG-sentinel trap. Mosquitoes were collected during 5-days per each area in early September, using 10 traps in Cheongju (airport) and 15 traps in Pyeongtaek (port). The numbers of mosquitoes collected in Cheongju and Pyeongtaek area were 1,762 including 10 species and 1,042 including 11 species respectively. In Cheongju, Aedes albopictus (657 individuals, 37.3%) and Culex pipiens complex (415 individuals, 23.6%) were dominant species; while in Pyeongtaek, Cx. pipiens complex (806 individuals, 77.4%) was dominant followed by Anopheles spp. (90 individuals, 8.6%) and Ochlerotatus koreicus (79 individuals, 7.6%). Similar species were collected in both Choengju and Pyeongtaek area. Although most species collected in both Cheongju and Pyeongtaek area were the same, Cx. inatomii was only collected in Pyeongtaek. In case of the Genus Aedes, more number of Ae. albopictus was collected compared to Oc. koreicus in Cheongju; while Oc. koreicus was more in Pyeongtaek. In case of the genus Culex, the individuals belonging to the vishinui group were collected such as Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. orientalis. This study may provide basic information for efficient prevention of vector mosquito and potential overseas inflow of diseases, also we would try to expand different area in Korea.
Salicylic acid-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis is regulated by SIZ1 SUMO E3 ligase
Lee, Jiyoung,Nam, Jaesung,Park, Hyeong Cheol,Na, Gunnam,Miura, Kenji,Jin, Jing Bo,Yoo, Chan Yul,Baek, Dongwon,Kim, Doh Hoon,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Kim, Donggiun,Lee, Sang Yeol,Salt, David E.,Mengiste, Tesfa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.49 No.1
<P>Summary</P><P>Reversible modifications of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in many cellular processes in yeast and animals. Yet little is known about the function of sumoylation in plants. Here, we show that the <I>SIZ1</I> gene, which encodes an Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase, regulates innate immunity. Mutant <I>siz1</I> plants exhibit constitutive systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) characterized by elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), increased expression of pathogenesis-related (<I>PR</I>) genes, and increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>tomato</I> (<I>Pst</I>) DC3000. Transfer of the <I>NahG</I> gene to <I>siz1</I> plants results in reversal of these phenotypes back to wild-type. Analyses of the double mutants, <I>npr1 siz1</I>, <I>pad4 siz1</I> and <I>ndr1 siz1</I> revealed that <I>SIZ1</I> controls SA signalling. <I>SIZ1</I> interacts epistatically with <I>PAD4</I> to regulate PR expression and disease resistance. Consistent with these observations, <I>siz1</I> plants exhibited enhanced resistance to <I>Pst</I> DC3000 expressing <I>avrRps4</I>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the <I>EDS1/PAD4</I>-dependent TIR-NBS-type <I>R</I> gene. In contrast, <I>siz1</I> plants were not resistant to <I>Pst</I> DC3000 expressing <I>avrRpm1</I>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the NDR1-dependent CC-NBS-type <I>R</I> gene. Jasmonic acid (JA)-induced <I>PDF1.2</I> expression and susceptibility to <I>Botrytis cinerea</I> were unaltered in <I>siz1</I> plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SIZ1 is required for SA and PAD4-mediated <I>R</I> gene signalling, which in turn confers innate immunity in Arabidopsis.</P>