Dependence of the base sequence on the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)₂(NO₃)](NO₃)-induced oxidative DNA cleavage probed by linear dichroism

Won, A. Reum,Kim, Raeyeong,Jung, Maeng-Joon,Kim, Seog K.,Lee, Young-Ae Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2018 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.471 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The oxidative DNA cleavage induced by the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)]NO<SUB>3</SUB> (Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB>) complex was examined using the linear dichroism (LD) technique. Using this method, the oxidative DNA cleavage by the Fenton mechanism was reported to occur through two sequential first-order reactions. As the Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> concentration increased, the rate constant of both first order reactions increased, as expected. The activation energy of the second step was estimated to be 0.190 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. A similar method was applied for various synthetic polynucleotides. Poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>], poly(dG)·poly(dC), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) produced a time-dependent decrease in LD, which could be elucidated by a single component exponential decay. This observation is in contrast to Fenton-type oxidative DNA cleavage. On the other hand, poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced a time-dependent decrease in the LD magnitude, which could be elucidated by two sequential first order reactions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> complex induced oxidative DNA cleavage. </LI> <LI> The cleavage rate constant for synthetic polynucleotides depended on the nature of base sequence. </LI> <LI> Poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced the mechanism similar to native DNA. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Decrease in the LD magnitude at 260 nm for poly(dG)·poly(dC) (curve a), poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve b), poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve c), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) (curve d) at 20 °C.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Prevention of Oak Wilt by Tree Injection of Culture Suspension of an Antifungal Microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus against Oak Wilt Fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae

Lee, Jin Heung,Hong, A Reum,Yun, Ji Ho,Seo, Sang Tae,Lee, Jong Kyu Institute of Forest Science 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.5

For the control of oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, an antifungal microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus, was used as a potential agent. Culture suspension of S. blastmyceticus was injected into Quercus mongolicae in the research forest of Kangwon National University by $ChemJet^{(R)}$ trunk injection and Macro-infusion at root flare injection. $Alamo^{(R)}$ (a.i., propiconazole 14.5%), a fungicide currently used for the control of oak wilt in USA, was also treated by both methods to compare the efficacy. For preventive efficacy, culture suspension of the pathogen was inoculated at 1 month after injection of either agent. Tested trees were cut at 3 months after treatment, stained with 1% Fuchsin acid, and then non-conductive area (NCA) and re-isolation frequency (RIF) of oak wilt fungus were compared among treatments. While NCA was the highest as 47.3% in pathogen only treatment, it was the lowest as 16.0% in sterilized water treatment by Macro-infusion. NCAs of Alamo treatment by Macro-infusion and ChemJet injection were 25.3% and 32.1%, respectively. NCA of S.blastmyceticus treatment by ChemJet injection was 32.3%, similar with Alamo treatment's by ChemJet injection. All treatments by either injection method showed significantly lower NCA compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that S. blastmyceticus injection shows the preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by suppressing the growth of pathogen injected. NCA of Macro-infusion injection of sterilized water was lower as 16.0%, compared to 21.3% of ChemJet injection. It means that Macro-infusion is more effective in translocation of sterilized water than ChemJet injection by even distribution. RIF from wood discs of treated trees showed high in pathogen only treatment, but relatively low in S. blastmyceticus treatment. RIF results were correlated with NCA results. From the above results, it was confirmed that S. blastmyceticus showed preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by ChemJet trunk or Macro-infusion at root flare injection.

음식물 폐기물류로 제조된 퇴비의 고형연료 가치 평가 연구

이경섭,장한별,정은지,도아름,하진욱 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In 2019, the daily generation of food waste in Korea was 14,314 tons, which is a steady increase compared to the past. To efficiently use food waste as an effective resource, composting and feeding are carried out. In Korea, attention is gradually focused on a sustainable resource circulation society. Compost made of food waste has problems with foreign substances, heavy metals, and salt content, and solid fuelization research is being actively conducted to compensate for this. In this study, infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), organic content measurement(TGA), and chemical composition were measured to compare the fuel characteristics with wood pellets, which are major solid fuels, in order to examine the physical and chemical properties of food waste compost.

2007년 개정 교육과정 고등학교 일본어 교과서의 대화문 분석

이아름(Lee, A-Reum),오현정(Oh, Hyun-Jung) 한국외국어교육학회 2013 Foreign languages education Vol.20 No.4

This paper analyzed dialogues in high school Japanese textbooks published according to the 2007 revised national curriculum, based on sociolinguistic variables and dialogue structure rules. The findings are as follows: first, the analysis of the construction of the textbooks shows that dialogues take place most frequently in the areas of speaking and listening while dialogues appear in the area of writing at the lowest rate of 10 percent. Secondly, the analysis of the dialogues based on sociolinguistic variables shows that in most textbooks dialogues take place in various places such as houses, stores, schools, streets and restaurants, but places in some dialogues are not identified. As for the topics of the dialogues, leisure and hobbies, traveling, food, and giving directions are the most common topics. There are many dialogues which do not have any specific topics but include basic expressions for communication. Moreover, most dialogues do not identify clear relation among participants, which needs to be improved. Lastly, the analysis of the dialogue structure rules finds that as for the length of the dialogue, one or two rounds of exchanging of talks are the most common and in the most cases the format of taking turns of speaking is the set of A-B-A-B, which indicates that the dialogues are very simply structured. The cases of adjacent pairs are mainly focused on question and answer sets. From the analyses, it is found that if we figure out the characteristics and problems of dialogues appearing in current Japanese textbooks and include the sociolinguistic variables and diverse dialogue structure rules into the dialogues to construct more authentic dialogues, the dialogues provided in the high school Japanese textbooks will be a lot more helpful to improve the learners' communicative ability.

해마리아 난(Haemaria discolor Lindl.) 종자 배양에 의한 미세번식

이옥선 ( Lee Ok Sun ),권아름 ( Kwon A Reum ),고정애 ( Ko Jeong Ae ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.2

해마리아 난 종자의 기내배양에 의한 대량증식 체계를 확립하기 위해 적합한 수분 시기를 구명하고, 식물생장조절물질 및 종자 저온전처리가 기내발아 및 근경에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 종자를 획득하기 위해 다양한 시기 즉개화 당일에서 1일 후, 2일에서 5일 후, 6일에서 10일 후 및 11일에서 15일 후에 자가수분 시킨 후 35일이 경과되었을 때 자연 상태에서 착과율을 조사한 결과 11일에서 15일(A4)후에 수분 시켰을 때 71.4%로 가장 높았다. 종자의 성숙정도별 기내발아에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 개화 당일에서 15일까지 시기별로 자가수분을 실시하여 35일이 경과한 후 꼬투리 내 형성된 미성숙 및 성숙 종자를 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L^-1 TDZ가 혼용 첨가된 1/2 MS 배지에 배양한 결과 기내 배양에서의 발아율은 개화 10일 후에 수분시킨 종자에서 100일 및 200일이 경과되었을 때 25.2% 및 36.1%의 발아율로 가장 효과적이었다. 기내 발아율 및 근경 형성에 미치는 식물생장조절물질은 1/2 MS 기본배지에 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA와 1.0 mg·L^-1 TDZ 혼용첨가한 배지에서 발아율이 48.9%로 효과적이었으며, BA, 2ip 및 kinetin을 각각 1.0 mg·L^-1 씩 혼용 처리한 결과 NAA와 BA 혼용처리에서는 근경이 66.3개로 형성되었다. 종자의 저온전처리가 기내발아 및 근경 발생에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 착과된 종자꼬투리를 5℃의 냉장고에서 15일간 처리한 결과 배양 60일 후에 발아수가 271.9개, rhizome은 85.7개가 발생되어 가장 효과적이었다. To establish a mass production system of Haemaria discolor Lindl., we investigated the several factors including optimum time of pollination to induce the seed formation and ratio of fruit set and effect of seed maturity, low temperature treatment, and plant growth regulators on in vitro germination. To obtain seeds, self-pollination was done in various times after flowering, i.e. 0-1 days, 2-5 days, 6-10 days, and 11-15 days after flowering (DAF). The half strength of MS medium was used as the basic, and PGRs included NAA in combination with TDZ, BA, 2ip, and kinetin. The results showed that the highest fruit set (71.4%) occurred when pollinated 11-15 DAF. The in vitro seed germination was highest (25.2%) when the immature seeds, collected 11 to 15 days after pollination done 6-10 DAF, were cultured on the MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA and 1.0 mg·L^-1 TDZ. The rhizome production from the seed culture was highest in the mixed treatment of 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA and 1.0 mg·L^-1 BA. The effect of low temperature treatment of seed on germination and rhizome production was most effective when seed capsules were stored at 5˚C for 15 days.

하이힐을 신는 여성 : 20대 여성의 경험과 의미를 중심으로

천혜정,이아름 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 사회과학연구논총 Vol.27 No.-

High-heels are an attractive means for satisfying modern women’s aesthetic standard and desire. At the same time, they are a sadistic means for women. The study aims to understand the personal experiences and meanings of wearing high heels. However, it beyond the personal and psychological experiences of individual women in that high heels are positioned within the larger socio-cultural contexts such as history of women's trimmings and social position. A total of 8 women were interviewed, and asked about what it is like to wear high heels and purchase on high heels, and meaning of wearing high heels in everyday life. Four themes were identified through interview text analysis. First, the participants get pleasure out of wearing high heels while accompanying pains. It can be called aching beauty. Especially, they want to be looked sexy and feminine from the eyes of their boyfriends. It reminds Chinese foot-binding in that Chinese men consider small feet as beautiful and women are willing to bind their feet in order to satisfy men's fantasies despite of physical pains. While Chinese foot-binding represents the status free from physical labor, high heels in this study become normative dress code for female workers. The participants sometimes did not want to wear high heels, but workplace climate makes them look like feminine. In addition, high heels play a realistic option to choose for them in order to overcome height complex and consequently make positive self-identity. Lastly, the participants are imbued with consumer culture, actively consuming desires for shoes. It can be called shoe-holic. This study discussed various issues to implicate, such as women's social status in our society, the consequences of internalization of consumption desires, or meaning of freely chosen. 하이힐은 단순한 여성 패션 액세서리의 영역을 넘어서 하나의 독립된 패션 아이템으로 등장하였다. 그러나 다른 한편으로 하이힐은 여성의 인체에 유해한 아이템으로 하이힐 착용에 따른 건강상의 위험에 대한 경고 또한 만만치 않게 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 이중적 관점 안에서 하이힐을 애용하는 여성들과의 인터뷰를 통해 단순히 이들이 왜 하이힐을 착용하는가에 대한 심리적 이해를 넘어 하이힐이 우리 사회에서 가지는 복잡 다양한 의미를 분석하고자 한다. 왜냐하면 역사적으로 하이힐은 신발이라는 큰 범주 안에서 인류의 역사와 복식의 발달 및 문화사적 가치와 매우 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있기 때문이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 하이힐을 애용하는 여성 8명과의 심층면접을 수행하였으며 이들이 하이힐 소비를 통해 어떠한 경험을 하며 일상생활에 어떠한 의미가 있는지를 논의하였다. 연구 참가자들에게 하이힐은 비록 아픔을 동반하지만 그만큼의 보상을 제공하고 있었다. 특히 남자친구에게 예뻐 보일 수 있다면 아픔을 참을 수 있다는 참가자의 이야기는 작은 발에 대한 남성의 환상을 위한 무의미한 학대로 알려진 중국의 전족과 흡사한 모습을 보인다. 그러나 중국의 전족이 노동으로부터 자유로운 신분을 상징한 반면, 여성의 하이힐은 노동시장에서 여성 노동자가 착용해야 하는 규범이 되어 또 다른 통제기제로 작동하고 있었다. 키를 포함한 외모가 또 다른 경쟁력으로 작용하는 현대사회에서 하이힐은 자신감을 획득하고 자신에 대한 긍정적인 감정을 경험하게 하는 현실적인 전략 중의 하나이다. 특히 여성성을 발현하는 도구로서 하이힐을 선택하고, 이를 통해 정체성을 재구성함으로써 키 관리 담론을 적극적으로 소비한다. 마지막으로 연구 참여자들은 현대 자본주의 사회의 소비/소유 욕망을 하이힐을 통해 드러내고 있었다. 이러한 여성 참여자들의 경험은 우리 사회 여성의 지위현실을 그대로 반영하고 있으며, 하이힐 착용이 자유로운 여성의 선택인 듯 하지만 오히려 외부의 시선을 내면화하고 있는 결과임을 보여준다.

가정연계 발달기록부에 나타난 학부모의 반응

이대규 ( Dae Kyun Lee ),이아름 ( A Reum Lee ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2014 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 유치원과 가정 간의 연계지도를 위해 마련된 가정연계 발달기록부에 나타난 학부모의 이야기를 분석해 봄으로써, 유치원에서 가정과의 연계교육을 시행할 때 참고할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 A유치원에서 2012년과 2013년에 작성되었던 가정연계 발달기록부 300권을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 가정연계 발달기록부에 나타난 학부모의 반응은 담임교사에 대한 유치원 학부모의 바램과 담임교사에 대한 고마움의 두 가지로 구분되었다. 먼저 담임교사에 대한 학부모의 바램은 첫째, 거부감 없는 등원, 둘째, 원만한 친구관계의 형성 및 유지, 셋째, 문제행동의 수정, 넷째, 기본적인 학습태도 형성, 다섯째, 인성의 기초 형성으로 나타났으며, 담임교사에 대한 학부모의 고마움은 첫째, 유아들의 즐거운 유치원 생활, 둘째, 유아와 선생님과의 친밀한 관계 형성, 셋째, 교사의 세심한 배려, 넷째, 유아의 성장과 발전, 다섯째, 유아의 학업적 측면에서의 성취로 나타났다. This study aimed to analyze the effects of kindergarten development notebook which was monthly delivered to family. The results of this study would provide the basic information in developing the ways to support the mutual understanding between kindergarten and family. The subjects of this study were 300 kindergarten development notebooks for kindergarten children aged 3-5. As the parent’s demand, the first was adaptability to kindergarten. Second was the friend relationship. Third was the guidance for problem behavior. Fourth was the basic learning attitude. Fifth was the bringing up of human nature. As the parent’s gratitude, first was enjoying their kindergarten life. Second was to be loved by kindergarten teacher. Third was the kindness of kindergarten teacher. Fourth was the development and growth of their children. Fifth was academic accomplishment of their children.

친환경 청보리, 이탈리안 라이그라스, 볏짚사일리지의 In vitro 반추위 발효성상 비교연구

David Tinotenda Mbiriri,Oh Sung-Jin,Lee A-Reum,Chae Jung-Il,Choi Chang-Weon,Choi Nag-Jin 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Rumen fermentative characteristic is useful indicators of the quality of ruminant feed stuffs and diets. An in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was therefore carried out to compare fermentation patterns among three forage sources. These were whole crop barley (WCBS), Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and rice straw silages (RSS). Rice straw (RS) was the control, making the treatments 4 in total. Forages were randomly allocated to serum bottles. The incubation times were arranged 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at 39℃, respectively. Each forage source was replicated 3 times per incubation time. At each sampling time, total gas and pH were measured, whilst individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined later after storing samples at -20℃. Acetate: Propionate ratio (A/P) was then calculated. Forage source had a significant effect (P

첨가 방법을 달리하여 제조한 아로니아 막걸리의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성

이아름,오은영,정연정,노재관,윤향식,이기열,김이기,엄현주,Lee, A Reum,Oh, Eun Young,Jeong, Yeon Jeong,Noh, Jae-Gwan,Yoon, Hyang-Sik,Lee, Ki Yeol,Kim, Yee Gi,Eom, Hyun-Ju 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

Aronia melanocarpa (Rosaceae family), black chokeberry, has significantly higher anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity than other berries. The aim of this study is to characterize the content of aronia makgeolli prepared with the additive method such as fresh-type and crushed-type and to investigate the effect of aronia on the quality of makgeolli at $25^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. The changes in pH, total acidity, ethanol content, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and sensory testing were determined. The pH values were 3.9~4.2 in fresh aronia makgeolli (the fresh group), and 3.6~3.9 in crushed aronia makgeolli (the crushed group). The total acidity of all samples gradually increased during the fermentation period. The ethanol content was 10~15% after the second stage of fermentation, and was reduced followed by an increase in the addition rate of aronia, showing the lowest values in 50% crushed aronia makgeolli. As the aronia content increased, both the antioxidant activity and the total polyphenol content significantly increased. In the fresh group, low values were seen in early fermentation, which significantly increased according to the progress of fermentation, while the crushed group showed high values for 6 days. In the sensory evaluation, the color, flavor, bitterness, and overall acceptance of the makgeolli with 30% fresh aronia showed higher values than the control and other samples. In conclusion, the present study suggests that fresh aronia without undergoing the breaking process is a more suitable additive method than the crushed type for antioxidant activity and palatability of aronia makgeolli. 본 연구는 막걸리 제조 시 아로니아의 첨가 방법을 달리하여 제조한 후, 발효하면서 항산화 활성 및 이화학적 품질특성을 분석하였다. 아로니아는 생과와 마쇄한 형태로 첨가하였고, 쌀 함량의 10%, 30% 그리고 50%로 하였다. 막걸리의 pH는 발효 초기에 생과를 첨가한 시료가 3.9~4.2로, 마쇄하여 첨가한 시료(3.6~3.9)보다 높았고, 발효가 진행되면서 생과로 첨가한 경우는 pH가 낮아지다가 다시 증가하는 경향성을 보였다. 총산의 경우는 초기 발효에는 생과보다 마쇄한 시료에서 더 높게 나타났고, 발효가 진행될수록 총산의 함량이 증가하였다. 환원당 함량은 발효가 진행되며 대부분의 시료에서 감소하였다. 에탄올 함량은 1단 담금 시 11.4%로 나타났고, 2단 담금 6일 후에는 10~15%였으며, 특히, 아로니아를 50% 첨가한 실험구는 1단 담금 시 보다 낮은 에탄올 함량을 보였으며, 마쇄하여 첨가할수록 더 낮은 알코올함량을 보였다. 색도 중 a값(적색도)을 비교했을 때 생과 사용 시 천천히 a값이 높아져 마지막 날에는 생과 처리구 간 유의적으로 차이가 났지만, 마쇄한 경우는 처음부터 마지막 발효까지 높은 a값을 가져 생과를 처리한 경우보다 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀함량 측정과 DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과는 아로니아 첨가량이 증가할수록 함께 증가하였는데, 생과첨가군의 경우 초기에는 낮은 값을 가지다가 발효가 진행하며 급속히 증가하였고, 마쇄첨가군에서는 초기에서부터 높은 값을 가졌다. 또한 아로니아를 30% 첨가하여도 50%를 첨가한 것과 같이 뛰어난 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 관능검사는 생과 30%를 첨가한 시료가 색, 쓴맛, 전체적 기호도에서 높아 관능적 만족도가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 아로니아를 첨가한 기능성 막걸리의 특성을 보았을 때 아로니아를 마쇄한 형태보다 생과 형태로 30%를 첨가하는 것이 관능적 특성과 항산화 활성을 고려하였을 때 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

조리 및 가공식품의 나트륨 함량

박영숙,이아름 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study was performed to know sodium levels of processed foods including fast foods, pouched foods, instant ramens, kimchi and soypaste products and snacks. We found that sodium levels of 10 different hamburgers averaged as 1.22~0.51g/each (3.1~1.3g salt) and 20 pizzas averaged as 1.69~0.32g/portion (4.3~0.8g salt). And pouched foods showed a wide range of sodium levels as 1300~790mg/pack (portion, 3.3~2.0g salt), instant ramens as 3000~1460mg/pack (portion, 7.6~3.7g salt) and snacks as 740~90mg/pack (portion, 1.9~0.2g). Sodium levels of kimchi and soypaste products in markets averaged as 1~2% and 6~8% respectively.