자궁경부암의 생체내 수소핵 자기공명분광상에 관한 연구

김용만(YM Kim),나준희(JH Na),이정희(JH Lee),조경식(KS Cho),김종혁(JH Kim),김영탁(YT Kim),남주현(CH Nam),목정은(JE Mok) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.4

MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) is a recently introduced technique to the gynecologic field which can assess the chemical composition and the metabolic status of tissues of interests. It can identify and quantify the metabolites in the cells and tissues in vivo and in vitro. Its non-invasive nature in the technology attracts clinicians from many fields of medicine; owing to its non-invasiveness, it can be used repeatedly on the same site, which can particularly be useful for monitoring therapeutic response. Additionally, the analysis of MR spectrum is relatively straitforward with high accuracy. The aim of this study is to develop a set of protocol for MR spectroscopy to characterize cervical cancer. Localized 1H in vivo NMR spectra of the human uterine cervix were acquired from 11 patients with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 3 normal subjects. Image guided PRESS-spectra were obtained on a GE 1.5T SIGNA system equipped with shielded gradients (General Electric Medical System, Milwaukee, USA). Body coil was used for transmitting the signal and an endovaginal surface coil (homebuilt) was placed in the posterior fornix of the vagina. Extent of the cancer invasion was examined prior to the MRS measurement by T1 and T2-weighted surface coil spin-echo MR images. Localized 1H in vivo MR spectra of normal cervix and cervical carcinoma were shown. The spectra were in good agreement with the previous reports of 1H ex vivo NMR studies of cervical biopsies. In the spectra of the cervical carcinoma, the resonance peaks at 0.9, 1.3, 3.0 and 3.2 ppm are from CH3- and CH2-groups of mobile lipid (e.g., triglycerides), creatine and choline containing residues, respectively. The resonance peak at 1.3 ppm which is from CH2 groups of acyl chains in triglyceride is characteristically intense and seen in all the cancer spectra at TE=20 and 135 msec. In contrast, the spectra of the normal cervix did not show any resonance peaks. In conclusion, localized 1H in vivo MRS can be useful to discriminate the cervical carcinoma from normal cervix. The resonance peak at 1.3 ppm which is known to be from CH2 groups of triglycerides can be a marker for the cervical carcinoma.

In Praise of Spring (Sangch’un-gok)

Ch?ng K?k-in,Lee Sung Il(번역자) 한국학중앙연구원 1990 Korea Journal Vol.30 No.9

On [m,C]-isometric operators

Chō,, Muneo,Lee Eun, Ji,Motoyoshi, Haruna National Library of Serbia 2017 Filomat Vol.31 No.7

항원 흡입에 의한 비특이적 기관지과민성: II. 화분

김미경,엄재호,이동호,조명찬,이상도,윤세진,궁성수,김승택,이복희 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1992 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.2 No.1

피부단자검사, RAST 및 항원 기관지유발검사(allergen bronchial provocation test, ABPT)결과 쑥, 잔듸, 나무화분에 감작된 기관지 천식 환자 13명을 대상으로 이들 화분이 비특이적 기관지과민도(non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, NSBR)에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, ABPT시의 조기 및 후기 천식반응(early, late asthmatic response, EAR, LAR)이 NSBR 생성에 관여하는지와 각각 화분의 항원성을 비교하고자, 감작된 화분으로 ABPT를 시행하고, 이를 전후하여 메타콜린 기관지유발검사(methacholine bronchial provocation test, MBPT)를 시행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 기저 폐기능상 기도 폐색을 보인 환자는 없었으며, 알레르기성 비염만을 호소하였던 환자 11명 중 4명(31%)은 MBPT에 양성반응을 나타내었으나, ABPT에는 11명 모두 양성반응을 보인 천식 환자였다. ABPT상 3명은 EAR, 2명은 ILAR, 8명은 LAR이였다. EAR만을 나타낸 경우는 ABPT 24시간 후 PC20이 감소하지 않고, 오히려 다소 증가하였으나, ILAR을 나타낸 환자들은 24시간 후 PC20가 감소하여 3일 후 기저치로 환원된 반면, LAR에서는 24시간 후 PC20가 현저히 감소하여, 2주 내지 6주 후에야 기저치로 환원되었다. LAR을 보인 환자들 중 쑥에 감작된 환자들이 목초 화분에 감작된 환자에 비해 Pc20의 감소기간이 유의하게 길었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 화분 흡입에 의한 LAR에 의해 NSBR이 악화되며 지속기간이 상당히 긴 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 화분 중 쑥의 항원성이 목초보다 상당히 강한 것도 알 수 있다. 더불어 화분에 감작된 알레르기성 비염 환자들의 대부분에서 천식이 잠재해 있음도 알 수 있다. 그러므로 향후 천식의 증상이 없는 화분에 감작된 비염환자라 할지라도 MBPT 및 ABPT를 시행하여 정확한 진단을 해야겠다. 본 연구에서 종래의 다른 연구 결과들과는 달리 쑥의 경우 ILAR의 경우도 NSBR을 악화시킴을 관찰하였는데, ILAR과 LAR의 차이가 단순한 기도폐색의 정도 차이인지, 기도 내에서 염증반응에 차이가 있는지는 향후 기관지 페포세척이나 조직 검사등을 통해 밝힘으로써, ABPT에 의한 NSBR의 발생 및 악화의 기전을 보다 확실히 규명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a fundamental characteristics in bronchial asthma. The pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity has not been clearly understood, yet. We studied non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness with methacholine inhalation sequentially afterallergen provocation in pollen such as, alder, grass and mugwort-sensitzed allergic asthma and/or allergic rhinitis to investigate if there is any relation between allergen exposure and bronchial hyperreactivity, and compare the allergenicity of each pollen. 3 of 13 study subjects showed early asthmatic reaction, but 8 of them showed late(dual) asthmatic reaction, and the other 2 showed intermediate late asthmatic reaction. Non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity was not increased in early asthmatic responder, however, it was increased upto 45 days after allergen inhalation in all late asthmatic responder and in intermediate late reactor, upto 3 days. In mugwort-sensitized late asthmatic responder NSBR decreased much longer than any others. Taken together, pollen-induced late asthmatic reaction is one factor which contributes NSBR in pollinosis patients.

자궁경부암의 조직학적 형태에 따른 생체내 수소핵 자기공명분광상의 분석

나준희(JH Na),김용만(YM Kim),이정희(JH Lee),조경식(KS Cho),김종혁(JH Kim),김영탁(YT Kim),남주현(CH Nam),목정은(JE Mok) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.6

Most of cervical cancers are squamous cell type and the majority of the remaining 10% to 15% are adenocarcinoma. The clinical features of these two histological types of cancers are known to be often quite different. The diagnosis depends on the histological examination via biopsy procedures, however it could be possible in some part by in vivo 1H MRS which presents the chemical composition and molecular dynamics by means of identification and quantification of metabolites and the metabolic status in cells and tissues. Unlike the histological examination and ex vivo MR spectroscopy whose results depend on where the biopsy specimens are excised, and therefore, which require the specimens from multisites, an in vivo MR spectroscopy can be performed covering a global lesion or a number of discrete lesions in the cervix noninvasively. Repetitive examinations at the same location over a period of treatment time, which are particularly useful for monitoring the progression of the disease after treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can be performed by localized in vivo spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the patterns of 1H MR spectra of cervical cancers according to the histologic types. Localized in vivo 1H MR spectra of 36 patients diagnosed as invasive cervical cancer were acquired on a GE 1.5T SIGNA system equipped with shielded gradients(Milwaukee, WI, USA, version 5.4). Homebuilt endovaginal coils were used for a localized images for spectroscopy. The FIGO stages of these patients were IA to IIIB. Among 36 patients, 29 cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 6 were adenocarcinoma, 1 was adenosquaadenosquamous cell carcinoma. In MR spectra of cervical cancers, the resonance peaks at 0.9, 1.3, 2.0 and 3.0, 3.2 ppm were detected, which represents CH3 groups of triglycerides, CH2 groups of triglycerides, N-acetyl neuraminic acid and creatine and choline containing residues, respectively. The triglyceride peak at 1.3 ppm is characteristically intense and observed in 25 cases of the total 29 squamous cell carcinoma(sensitivity 86.2%; specificity 66.7%; overall accuracy 82.9%). Prominent peak at 2.0 ppm which was tentatively assigned N-acetyl neuraminic acid for human prostatic cancers was noted in 5 cases of adenocarcinoma, but no case of squamous cell carcinoma(sensitivity 83.3%; specificity 96.6%; overall accuracy 94.2%). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of localized in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy to categorize the spectra according to the histological types.

원효의 승가관(僧伽觀)

이봉춘 한국불교학회 1984 韓國佛敎學 Vol.9 No.-

英語 語形成 制約 小考

李杜澈 상명대학교 어문학연구소 1994 語文學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

This paper aims to survey (1) what rules should be necessary in English word-formation, (2) what kinds of constraints the rules should be accompanied by so that the rules might be productive in word-formation, and (3) how the rules should be ordered if they are ordered. The henceforth summary is quoted in Aronoff(1976:l03-4): the notion of a word-fromation rule is developed as an operation on a base, accompanied by various constraints on the base. The base is a word, a member of a major lexical category. Each word-formation rule specifies the unitary syntacticosemantic class of which its base must be a member. The base is also a fully specified phonological entity of unique form. The operation is both syntacticosemantic and morphophonological. It specifies the semantics of its output as a compositional function of the meaning of the base, and assigns the output to a specific major lexical category in a specific subcategorization. The morphophonological operation is phonologically unique, and takes place at one of these levels in the phonological derivation of the base: the input to the phonology, between the cyclic and word level rules, or the output of the phonology. The operation also assigns a boundary to the affix it produces. This boundary is dependent on the level of the phonoloy at which the morphophonological operation applies. Constranints, both morphological and phonological, may be specified on the form of the base. Phonological constraints may be either negative or positive, and they are absolute: only items which meet the constraints may serve as bases for the word-formation rule in question.

정보기술이 정보이용자에게 미치는 영향

이영자,최달현 충남대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과 1990 創立十周年 紀念論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Taking the present states and impacts of information technology on information users, some suggestions in relation to the technology can be extracted as follows: First, suggestions in association with economics in general are : ① to foster capable men coping with the information society, ② to improve the habitude of software industry, ( that is the emphasis should be laid on the ensurance of capable men as a group of brains and the independent development of software ) ③ to establish the countermeasures for the information and data protection. Second, suggestions in association with the access to and the use of information are : ① to design the comprehensive plan for education on the information technology, in order to narrow the gap between the professionals and the laymen, and to provide some materials for self-education. ② to develop the information systems which could transmit information in speed required between man and man, between machine and machine and between man and machine, and also which could transmit voice image and text data to international, national and regional institutes, ③ to develop some services which are not only profitable for all classes of people but also suited for operation, ④ to maintain the technical campatibility which permits to greatest flexibility and maximum use of information systems. Lastly, it is suggested that some administrative power which can formulate and recommend information policies to specific government department and to private industry should be established, and a not-for-profit institute with which information elements in the public and private sectors can voluntarily affiliate and which can steer information technology to the public benefits should be created.

産業體 勤勞者의 健康 및 Sports意識에 關한 調査硏究 : Centering on the Industries in Chollabuk-Do 全羅北道의 企業體를 中心으로

李鉉貞,崔昌俊 群山大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This study aimed to investigate the condition of health taking advantage of Cornell Medical Index and the consciousness about sports in the workers. For this, I sampled 400 workers (M: 217, F: 183) who are with 6 industries of 3 cities (Chon Ju, Kun San, I Ri) located in Chollabuk-Do. I attained conclusion as follows: 1. The Condition of Health 1) The physical response by sex and by age. In case of man, the response to digestive organs appeared as the highest one in the twenties (first half: 2,500, latter half: 3.763) and in the thirties (first half: 4.563, latter half: 4.933), and so did woman in the twenties (first half: 3.680, latter half: 4.044) and in the thirties (first half: 6.714, latter half: 2.750). 2) The mental response by sex and by age. In case of man, the response to Inadaptability (M) in the first half of the twenties (3.500) and the thirties (2.438), and to Strain (R) in the latter of the twenties (2.051), and to Anger (Q) in the latter of the thirties (1.833) appeared as the highest one. In case of woman, the response to Strain (R) in the twenties (first half: 2.840, latter half: 2.826) and the latter half of the thirties (2.500), and to Inadaptability (M) in the latter half of the thirties (2.413) appeared as the highest one. 2. The Consciousness about Sports 1) The pleasure of sports Man expressed the highest response (71.0%) to Table 6-(11), and so did woman(59.6) to Table 6-(15). 2) The reverse effect of sports Man expressed the highest response (60.8%) to Table 7-(5), and so did woman (49.7%). 3) The effect of sports on human relation. Man expressed 71.0% and Woman 62.8%. 4) The effect of sports on work. In Table 9-(1), man expressed 65.0% and woman 47.0%. In Table 9-(2), mans expressed 61.3% and woman 56.3%. 5) The effect of sports on life. In Table 10-(1), man expressed 85.3% and woman 77.6%. 6) The effect of sports on personality. Man expressed the highest response (59.0%) to Table 11-(4) (13), and so did woman (53.6%) to Table 11-(13).

英語 語形成의 生産性

李杜澈 상명대학교 어문학연구소 1993 語文學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This paper aims to survey children's acquisition of English word-for-mation and search for some principles which they apply to their acqui-sition of word-formation. Clark and Berman (1984) assumes that English native children learn word-formation by using four principles. Here in this paper are the four principles analyzed and clarified in the view-point of adquacy of each principle. Four principles are as follows: 1. Principle of transparency of meaning: Known elements with one-to-one matches of meaning to form are more transparent for constructing and interpreting new words than elements with one-many or many-one matches. 2. Principle of formal simplicity: simple forms are easier to acquire than more complex ones, where simplicity is measured by the degree of change a form. The less a word form changes, the simpler it is. 3. Principle of productivity: those word-formation devices used most often by adults in word innovations are preferred in the language for constructing new word forms. 4. Principle of convention: for certain meanings, a conventional word or word-formation device exists that should be used in the language community. This paper attempts to clarify whether or not each principle is ad-equate in terms of Aronoff(1976), Bauer(1983), and Chomsky(1970)'s theory and verify their generality.