The Multiprocessor Machine with Shared Memory : Modifications for Berkeley Memory Management

노경택 서울保健大學 1994 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

논 雜草 가막살이의 Bensulfuron-Methyl에 대한 反應差異에 關한 生理的硏究

盧泳德,李炅換 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1994 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

논 雜草의 防除가 주로 除草劑에 의존하게 됨에따라 그 發生이 많아지고있는 가막살이와 미국가막살이를 대상으로, Bensulfuron-Methyl(BSM)에 대한 耐性의 程度를 檢定하고, 그 耐性의 發現器作을 究明하기 위하여 實驗을 수행하였던바, 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 沙耕栽培한 植物體를 BSM溶液에 24시간 浸池後 生育反應을 본 결과 가막살이(Bidens)屬 雜草들은 이 除草劑에 상당한 耐性을 보였는데, 가막살이는 피보다 强한, 그리고 미국가막살이는 피보다 다소 弱한 耐性이 있는것으로 나타났다. 2. 莖葉浸池處理에 의한 除草劑의 吸收는 1, 24, 24시간의 모든 처리시간에 있어 미국가막살이에서 가막살이보다 혀저히 많았다. 3. ¹⁴C-BSM의 葉 表面處理 後의 Autoradiogramph을 보면, 이 除草劑는 本葉을 통한 吸收는 어려우며, 子葉에 있어서도 가막살이에서만 일어나, 이 除草劑에 대한 耐性의 差異가 吸收의 差異에 基因될 수 있음을 보였다. The tolerance of Bidens species, newly emerging problem weeds in Korea and Japan, to Bensulfuron-Methyl (BSM) and the mechanism of tolerance of the species to the herbicide were studied. The response of sand cultured plants to various concentrations of BSM showed both of the species tested had some tolerance to the herbicide comparable or even better than E. crus-galli. Comparing the two species, Bidens tripartita had better tolerance than Bidens frondosa. When absorption of the herbicide was compared by dipping plant tops to ^(14)C-BSM solution, B. frondosa absorbed more herbicide than B. tripartita. Autoradiograph, taken from upper leaf surface treatment of ^(14)C-BSM, showed that the herbicide is absorption through cotyledones was quite restricted in the case of more tolerant B. tritartita. The results imply that leaf surface structure which determines permeability of herbicides could be one mechanism of tolerance to BSM in Bidens species.

비 신뢰성 네트워크에서 에러를 극복하는 비디오 전송 기법 : Error-Resilient Video Transmission Techniques over Unreliable Networks

노경택 韓國컴퓨터情報學會 2001 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.6 No.3

비 신뢰성 네트워크에서 실시간 비디오 전송을 위한 에러복원(Error Resilience) 기법들을 살펴보고자 한다. 소스 코딩 단계에서 에러 제어를 위해서 각 디코더는 에러검출(Error Detection), 재동기화(Resynchronization) 그리고 에러검출 (Error Concealment)을 할 수 있어야한다. 더군다나 소스 코더를 채널환경에 맞추기 위한 코딩제어 (Coding Control)를 통해서 반송정보에 대한 적절한 처리 기법을 논하였다 우리는 채널환경에 맞춘 소스코딩을 목적으로 한 에러 추적(Error Tracking), 에러 국한(Error Confinement) 그리고 참조그림선택 (Reference Picture Selection)기법을 검토하고 비교하고자 한다. 그리고 피드백 기반 소스코딩이 미디어 서버에 저장되어 있는 이전에 압축된 비디오와 어떻게 관련되어 있는지 살펴보고자 한다.

남매에서 발생한 심한 용혈성 빈혈과 간경변증을 동반한 Wilson 병 2례

노영일,박동호,서우철,문경래,박상기,박영봉,이미숙,전호종 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

We experienced two case of Wilson's disease in female and male sibling. The first case was a 10 year-old female who showed jaundice. pancytopenia and cirrhotic change in liver biopsy. She died 10 days after diagnosis. The second case of 7 year-old male showed specific symptoms and revealed increased AST/ALT, low serun copper level and increased 24 hour urinary copper excretion level He is being treated with D-penicillamine and follow up examinations.

뇌졸중환자재활에 있어서 가정간호의 효율성

노명희,정경순,강지연 김천과학대학 2001 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of current study was to explore the cost - effcctiveness, health outcomes and family caregiver burdens of home care nursiny for stroke patients. Consideriny cost-effectiveness only home care is much better than institutional care for patients with chronic illness like strokes. But it remains controversal when the cost of family labour is considered. Also considering of care for patients with severe physical disabilities, institutional care is more appropriate than home care. Then decisions concerning the appropriate type of care setting for patients with severe chronic illness remain difficult In the view of health outcomes, home care based on appropriate service promotes activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life related to health and returning to daily life. However, family caregivers may have labour consume of physical, psychological, social and economical aspects and reach severe imbalance of life. Therefore, the authors suggest that it's necessary to develop effctive and economic home rehabilitation care programs supporting not only patients but also family caregivers

프로세스간 通信 메카니즘에 關한 硏究

노경택 서울保健大學 1995 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

Since network programming involves the interaction of two or more processes, We must look carefully at the different methods that are available for different processes to communicate with each other. In traditional single process programming, different modules within the single process can communicate with each other using global variables, function cafils, and the arguments and results passed back and forth between functions and their callers. But, when dealing with separate processes, each executing within its own address space, there are more details to consider. When time-shared, multiprogramming operating systems were developed over 20 years ago, one design goal was to assure that separate processes wouldn't interfere with each other. For two processes to communicate with each other, they must both agree to it, and the operating system must provide some facilites for the interprocess communication(IPC). While some form of IPC is required for network programming, the use of IPC is by no means restricted to processes executing on different systems, communicating through a network of some form. Indeed, there are many instances where IPC can and should be used between processes on a single computer system. After we look at three methods of interprocess communication which are message passing, semaphore and shared memory, we know that their performance results represents that the IPC method using shared memory is the most efficient one. Thus, we have to continue studying the distributed shared memory system using shared memory.

무선 비디오 통신을 위한 피드백 채널 기반의 에러복구 알고리즘의 개발 : An Error Control Algorithm for Wireless Video Transmission based on Feedback Channel

노경택 韓國컴퓨터情報學會 2002 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.7 No.2

피드백 채널을 이용한 디코더는 인코더로 전송에러에 의한 오염된 매크로 블록들의 주소를 알려준다. NACK 메시지의 수신으로 인코더는 전송에러가 발생된 프레임의 GOB 와 MB를 기준으로 forward dependency를 적용으로 확산된 에러전파영역을 지닌 다음순서의 프레임을 만들어낸다. 이 프레임으로 현재 인코딩 하려는 프레임의 각 MB안에 4-comer에 존재하는 픽셀들에 대한 backward dependency를 적용함으로써 오염된 MB을 찾아낼 수가 있다. 이들 오염된 MB들에 대한 INTRA 코딩을 적용함으로써 에러확산을 완전히 중단시킬 수 있다. 이와 같이 빠른 알고리즘의 적용으로 보다 적은 연산량과 보다 적은 양의 메모리 요구를 얻을 수 있다. 또한 이러한 장점은 실시간 비디오 전송에 특히 적합하다. By feedback channel, the decoder reports the addresses of corrupted macroblocks induced by transmission errors back to the encoder. With these negative acknowledgements. the encoder can make the next frame having propagated errors by using forward dependency based on GOBs and MBs of the frame happening transmission errors. The encoder can precisely calculate and track the propagated errors by examining the backward motion dependency for each of four corner pixels in the current encoding frame until before-mentioned the next frame. The error-propagation effects can be terminated completely by INTRA refreshing the affected macroblocks. Such a fast algorithm further reduce the computation and memory requirements. The advantages of the low computation complexity and the low memory requirement are particularly suitable for real-time implementation.

분산 처리 시스템 기술개발에 관한 연구

노경택 서울保健大學 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The distributed operating system provides a collection of mechanisms upon which varying resource management policies can be implemented to meet local requirements, and to take advantage of technological improvements. This infrastructure allows severs to encapsulate and protect resources, while allowing clients to share them concurrently. There are two main approaches to kernel architecture : monolithic kernels and microkernels. The main difference between them lies in where the line is drawn between resource management by the kernel and resource management performed by dynamically-loaded(and usually user-level) servers. A micro kernel must support at least a notion of process and interprocess communication. It supports operating system emulation subsystems as well as language support and other subsystems, such as those for real-time processing. A process consists of an execution environment and threads : an execution environment consists of an address space, communication interfaces and other local resources such as semaphores: a thread is an activity abstraction that executes within an execution environment. Address spaces need to be large and sparce in order to support sharing and mapped access to objects such as files. An important technique for copying regions is copy-on-write. Processes can have multiple threads, which share the execution environment. Multi -threaded processes allows us to achieve relatively cheap concurrency, and to take advantage of multiprocessors for parallelism: Recent threads implementations allow for two-tier scheduling: the kernel provides access to multiple processors, while user-level code handles the details of scheduling policy. Distributed operating systems support reconfigurability by providing mechanism for port migration and location and multicast communication for the location of servers and resources. These mechanisms allow location and migration transparency to be achieved. The main software mechanisms for resource protection are capabilities and access control lists. Distributed operating system kernels provide basic message passing primitives and mechanisms for communication via shared memory. Higher-level services provide a variety of quality of service options: delivery guarantees, bandwidth and latency, and security. The chief overheads involved in an RPC that are candidates for optimization are marshalling, data copying, Packet initialization, thread scheduling and context switching, and the flow control protocol used. RPC within a computer is an important special case, and we will describe the thread management and parameter passing techniques used in lightweight RPC.

TCP-RLDM:Congestion losses과 Wireless losses 구별을 통한 수신측 기반 혼잡제어 방안 : TCP-RLDM:Receiver-oriented Congestion Control by Differentiation for Congestion and Wireless Losses

노경택,이기영 韓國컴퓨터情報學會 2002 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.7 No.4

본 논문은 수신측이 네트워크 혼잡도를 측정 참여하여 송신측으로 하여금 네트워크 상태에 따른 윈도우 크기를 조절하는데 있다. TCP-RLDM은 기존 TCP의 Additive Increase/Multiplicative Decrease 방법의 단점을 보완하는 데이터 수신율을 기초로 하는 측정기반 전송 전략을 채택하였다. 이는 유무선 망에서나 지연에 민감하거나 용인하는 응용들로 구성된 이질적 환경에서 동적으로 대응하기 위해 에러손상의 성질에 따른 즉, 혼잡에 의한 손실인지 전송상 일시적 손실인지에 따라서 적절히 대처 함으로써 성능을 높일 수 있게 되었다. 수신측으로부터의 데이터 수신율과 에러발생 원인에 대한 정보를 이용, 송신측의 wave 전송방식과 가급적 혼잡이 발생하기 이전에 혼잡회피전략을 적용함으로써 가변적인 네트워크환경에 잘 대처하도록 하였다. This paper aims to adjust the window size according to the network condition that the sender determines by making the receiver participating in the congestion levels. TCP-RLDM has the measurement-based transmission strategy based on the data-receiving rate complementing TCP with the property of Additive Increase / Multiplicative Decrease. The protocol can make an performance improvement by responding differently according to the property of errors whether congestion losses or transient transmission errors - to confront dynamically in heterogeneous environments with wired or wireless networks and delay-sensitive or - tolerant applications. By collecting data-receiving rate and the cause of errors from the receiver and by enabling sender to use the congestion avoidance strategy before occuring congestion possibly, the protocol works well at variable network environments.

Powerlessness, Helplessness, Hopelessness의 개념적 특성 및 유사점과 차이점

노명희,정경순,강지연 김천과학대학 2001 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was to detect each concept's characteristics resemblances, differences by finding out definition, contributions, antecedents, instrumentations, consequences of powerlessness, helplessness and hopelessness through reviewing literature. The concept of powerlessness, helplessness or hopelessness has been important elements of the lives of persons with chronic diseases. Their resemblances are negative emotion coming from loss of control and have effect on physical, psychological, sociological aspects of hearth A continued powerlessness leads to helplessness and hopelessness. If it is not controlled and even persisted in chronically, a person will learn helplessness and get into helplessness - hopelessness cycle. Their differences are as follows: Powerlessness is recognition that self-behavior will significantly have no influence on result. Attributions of feelings are lack of control, disorder of physical functions, disorder of role management, lack of knowledge or motivation. Antecedents are lack of physical, psychological and social power. It results in behavior and psychologic response and helplessness, despair, death. Helplessness is extinction of response that an organ can't control or avoid results. Attributions of feelings are lack of confidence, persistance, display and responsibility and negative recognition like depression and passive. Antecedents are recognition that some results are independent on self-response and lack of motivation to control results and lack of confidence on control and restrained learn response. It results in reduced motivation and life, disorder of recognizing fuction and emotion. Hopelessness is negative hoping systems on life of self and self-future. Attributions of feelings are disability, powerlessness, continuing disappointment-abandon cycling. Antecedents are lack of physical well-being, humanistic life, functional ability, role management ability, economics. It results in social isolation, physical symptoms, suicide, shortened life.