교양체육수업 참가자의 지도 행동 선호도 조사

홍길동 서울대학교 체육연구소 2002 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.23 No.2

This study is designed to examine instruction behavior preference of participants in university General Education Curricular Physical Education. 429 students who participated in physical education of team sports, racket sports, and health-related sports responded to questionnaires. The instruction behavior items of questionnaires consist of Training and instruction behavior, Democratic behavior, Autocratic behavior, Social support behavior, and Positive feedback behavior. Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson's Correlations. The results of the study led to following conclusions : 1. The results of instruction behavior preference in gender demonstrated that there were significant differences in Training and instruction behavior and Democratic behavior. However, there was not significant difference in other behavior items(p〈.05). 2. The results of instruction behavior preference in age demonstrated that there was not significant difference statistically(p〈.05). 3. The students in health-related sports class preferred Training and instruction behavior and Democratic behavior, Social support behavior, and Positive feedback behavior compared with students participating in other sports(p〈.05). 4. There was not significant difference in instruction behavior preference considering past class experience(p〈.05). According to the results of this study, university students who participated in GEC PE class have different preference in gender and sport type. Based on the results, instructors of university GEC PE will be able to aware of instruction behavior preference of students in class and to instruct effectively.

복합 운동 참가가 생리적 요인과 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 영향

홍길동,허정식 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 근저항성과 지구성 운동으로 구성된 복합 운동 프로그램 참가가 생리적 요인과 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상자는 주3회, 90분, 12주간의 복합 운동을 실시한 실험 집단 20명과 통제 집단 20명으로 구성되었다. 생리적 요인은 크게 신체 구성, 기초 체력, 심폐 기능을, 신체적 자기개념의 하위 요인으로는 외모, 근력, 지구력, 유연성, 건강, 신체 활동, 체지방(체형), 스포츠 유능감, 신체 전반, 자기 존중감으로 구분하여 측정하였다. 자료 처리는 집단간 독립표본 t-검정과 상관분석을 실시하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체중은 운동 참가에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 복부 피지후은 통계적으로(p<.05)유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기초 체력 요인에서는 배근력, 평형성, 민첩성, 근지구력, 유연성, 순발력과 심폐 기능 요인인 최대산소섭취량 요인에서 통계적으로(p<.05) 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 신체적 자기개념 하위 요인에서 자기 존중감, 건강, 외모 요인을 제외한 스포츠 유능감, 신체 활동, 근력, 심폐 지구력, 유연성, 체지방(체형), 신체 전반 요인에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 생리적 요인 중 복부 피지후 요인은 신체적 자기개념의 체지방(체형) 요인과 높은 부적 관계를, 배근력 요인은 근력, 신체 전반, 스포츠 유능감, 신체 활동 요인과 높은 정적 관계를, 민첩성과 근지구력 요인은 신체 전반 요인과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유연성 요인은 신체 활동과 근력 요인과, 순발력 요인은 신체 전반, 근력, 체지방(체형) 요인과 정적 상관관계가 있었으며, 최대산소섭취량은 심폐 지구력과 신체 활동 요인과 높은 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지금까지의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 복합 운동 참가는 생리적 요인과 신체적 자기개념에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이 두 요인간에는 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 운동 참가자들의 건강 증진 및 심리적 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 다양한 운동 프로그램 개발과 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 한다. This study was to examine the effects of resistance and endurance combined exercise on physical fitness, body composition, cardiopulmonary function, and physical self-concept and the relationship between these factors. The experimental group were 20 students who participated in combined exercise consisting of 3 days a week and 90 minutes a day exercise program for 12 weeks. The control group consisted of 20 students. Psychological factors were body composition, physical fitness, and cardiopulmunary function. The sub-factors of physical self-concept were appearance, muscle strength, flexibility, health, physical activity, body fat, sports competence, overall body, and self-esteem. Collected data were analyzed by Independent t-test and Pearson's Correlations(p<.05). The results of this study were as follows: First, there was significant difference not in body weigh but in abdominal skinfold, abdominal strength, balance, agility, muscle endurance, flexibility, sports competence, muscle strength, cardiopuimunary endurance, flexibility, body fat, and overall body(p.<05) except self-estcem, health, and appearance. Third, the Abdominal skinfold had high negative correlation with body fat. The abdominal muscle endurance had positive correlation with muscle endurance, overall body, sports competence, and physical activity. In addition, agility had positive correlation with overall body. Flexibility had positive correlatin with physical activity. Agility had positive correlation with overall body, muscle strength, and body fat. O₂ max had high positive correlation with cardiopulmunary endurance. The results of the study illustrated that participating in combined exercise had positive influence on physiological factors and physical concept. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between physiological factors and physical concept. Therefore, further studies and various program development will be needed to maximize health improvement and the positive effects of physical activities in participants of physical education.

설명결합사전의 어휘의미 기술

홍재성,박동호,고길수 서울대학교 어학연구소 2001 語學硏究 Vol.37 No.3

This paper will explore and evaluate the《Lexicographic Definition》in the Explicative and Combinatory Dictionary(ECD), in particular, focusing on its methodology of description and representation of lexical meaning. Lexical meaning is one of the most important features of a linguistic dictionary, however, due to its inherent nature, its description and representation in a dictionary precipitates many problems. The crux of the problem is that each word has meanings behind its form and shows semantically continuous variations when combined with other words and phrases. A lexicographer must then determine the full content of the lexical meaning and extract its components, and separate every meaning which is linguistically distinguished from other variations. Moreover, a good dictionary needs and an elaborate methodology for the theoretically and practically adequate representation of the meaning. The ECD, based on the Meaning-Text Model, presents comprehensive rules and criterion addressing precisely these problems. These rules and criterion are the minimal(fundamental) conditions necessary for the coherent representation of full lexical meaning. Furthermore, the ECD represents Lexicographic Definitions in a concise, yet natural(accessible) language. Its definitions describes denotational meaning which are composed of situational information of the sentences usage. This meaning has an additional functional dimension in that its content and component explain and predict the full range of word behavior in any given circumstances. The direct result of this research can be applied to Korean dictionaries and used to improve their semantic descriptions and representation.

pH변화가 근방추의 흥분성에 미치는 영향

박동빈,홍승길 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The present experiment was done to determine the influence of pH changes on muscle spindle excitability by in jection of acidic and alkalic substances of different pH through the intra-arterial canulation to gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of the cat and examined the changes of the excitability of muscle spindle from group Ia muscular afferents. The changes of the impulse discharges were recorded from peripheral sensory nerve fibers of sciatic nerve and the results are as follows: 1) Among 46 group Ia muscular afferents, 8 showed enhancement, 17 showed decrement and 21 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by lactate(pH 3.2). 2) Among 35 group Ia muscular afferents, 4 showed enhancement, 9 showed decrement and 13 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by acetic acid(pH 3.2). 3) Among 15 group Ia muscular afferents, 2 showed enhancement, 5 showed decrement and 8 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by acetate(pH 6.6). 4) Almost all the group Ia muscular afferents, there were no changes of the impuslse discharge to Tyrode solution(pH 7.4), however, a few of them showed slight decrement of the impulse discharges. 5) Among 21 group Ia muscular afferents, 2 showed enhancement, 7 showed decrement, and 12 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by ammonia buffer solution(pH 8.1). 6) Among 27 group Ia muscular afferents, 5 showed enhancement and 22 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by NaHCO₃ solution(pH 8.1).

주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환아에서 주의력 과제와 관련된 대뇌의 기능적 국소화

신동원,송동호,전덕인,남궁기,이만홍,이홍식,민성길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애는 주의력에 결함이 있는 장애이다. 주의력에 주로 관여하는 부위는 전두엽과 두정엽으로서 이전 연구에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 전두엽과 두정엽의 이상에 대하여 보고되어 왔으나, 대부분 안정상태에서 정상인과 비교한 연구들이다. 이에 본 연구는 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자가 주의를 요하는 과제를 실행하는 동안 활성화되는 뇌의 양상을 정량화 뇌파를 이용하여 파악하고, 활성화 양상에 있어 정상인과의 차이점을 확인해 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함과 관계된 뇌의 국소적 병태를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함과 관계된 뇌의 국소적 병태를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애의 치료제인 methylphenidate를 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자에게 투여하여 주의력 과제 중에 활성화되는 뇌 양상의 변화를 알아보고, 치료제가 주의력을 높이는 기전에 대한 이해를 넓히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 환자 20명, 정상인 20명으로 총 40명이었다. 두 군은 성별, 나이, 손잡이, 지능에 있어서 차이가 없도록 선발되었다. 정상인은 안정 상태와 주의력 과제를 실행하는 동안 정량화 뇌파를 측정하였다. 환자군은 methylphenidate를 투여한 상태와 투여하지 않은 상태에서 각각 안정 상태와 주의력 과제를 실행하는 동안 정량화 뇌파를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 집중력 검사상, 정상대조군이 투약 전 환자군에 비해 목표자극에 대한 정반응 시간과 목표 자극에 대한 정반응 시간의 표준편차에 있어 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보여 집중력이 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 환자군은 누락 오류, 목표 자극에 대한 평균 정반응 시간, 표준편차에 있어 투약 전에 비해 투약 후에 유의하게 낮은 점수를 얻어, 투약 후 집중력이 유의하게 호전됨을 확인하였다. 정상 대조군과 투약 후 환자군 사이에 집중력 검사상 차이는 없었다. 2) 안정상태에서 얻은 정량화 뇌파의 모든 파 영역에서 환자군은 정상군에 비해 유의하게 뇌파의 전위가 증가해 있었다. 3) 정량화 뇌파의 delta 파 영역에서 뇌파를 분석한 결과, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태에 비하여 두정-후두엽 부위의 전위가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 환자군에서는 주의력 과제 중에 유의하게 전위가 증가하는 부위가 없어, 국소화한 뇌 활성 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 4) Theta 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태에 비해 우측 전두엽, 우측 측두엽, 양측 두정-후두엽 부위에서 전위가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 환자군에서 투약하기 전에는 유의하게 증가하는 부위가 없었다. 환자군에서 투약 후에는 우측 전두엽, 우측 측두엽, 양측 두정-후두엽 부위에서 유의하게 전위가 증가해, 정상 대조군과 유사한 뇌활성도의 변화 양상을 보였다. 5) Alpha 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태와 비교해 두정-후두엽 부위만이 유의하게 뇌파가 증가하는 반면, 투약하지 않은 환자군의 경우 광범위한 부위에서 유의하게 뇌파가 증가하여 뇌 활성 변화 부위가 국소화되지 않았다. 6) Beta 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우 안정상태에 비해 주의력 과제 중에는 좌측 전두엽과 Cz 부위만이 유의하게 전위가 증가하는 반면, 투약 하지 않은 환자군의 경우 거의 모든 뇌부위에서 전위가 유의하게 증가해 뇌의 활성 변화 부위가 국소화되지 않았다. 투약한 후에는 좌측 전두엽과 양측 측두엽의 뇌파가 유의하게 증가해 국소화한 뇌 활성 변화 양상을 보였다. 결 론 : 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자는 안정상태에서 정상인과 비교해 뇌파상 비정상적으로 활성화되어 있다. 정상인의 경우, 공간 자극에 관계된 주의력 과제 실행시 주로 전두엽과 두정-후두엽이 활성화되었으나 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자는 국소적인 뇌활성화에 실패하였다. 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함은 전두엽과 두정-후두엽 부위의 병태와 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : The attentional deficit is a core symptom in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The major brain areas related to attention are frontal and parietal lobes. Abnormalities of frontal and parietal lobes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have been reported in previous researches. But, most of the researches are based on comparing patients and controls while they are in resting condition. Further research on functional changes related to performance of attentional task is needed to understand the attentional dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this study, the localized functional changes of the brains related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the differences of them between patients and normal controls were examined. Also the effect of the methylphenidate on functional changes related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was examined. Method : Quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG) was applied to examine the fuctional changes related to attentional task. Subjects of this study consisted of 20 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 20 controls who were matched age, sex, handedness, intelligence. QEEG was recorded on eye open resting condition, and on performing computerized attentional task. In cases of patients, after taking of methylphenidate, QEEG was recorded on both conditions. Results : 1) In attention test, normal controls had better scores in response time and variabilities of response time than those of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without taking methylphenidate. After taking medication, scores of omission, response time and variabilities of response time were significantly improved, comparing to scores without taking medication. No differences were recognized between the controls and patients with taking medication in scores of attention test. 2) In resting condition, spectral EEG revealed baseline activity levels of patients were significantly increased comparing to those of controls. 3) Analysis of delta wave revealed that amplitudes of controls were significantly elevated in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task. But in patients, localized activated area related to attentional task was not remarkable. 4) Theta activity of controls were significantly elevated in right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas during performance of attentional task. But in patients without taking medication, localized activated area related to attentional work was not remarkable. After taking medication, right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas were significantly activated. 5) Alpha activities of controls were significantly increased in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task, but those of patient without taking medication were increased in broad area. 6) Beta activities of controls were significantly increased in frontal area during attentional performance, but those of patients without taking medication were significantly increased in most of the brain areas. After taking medication, significantly increased activities related to attentional task were recognized in left frontal, and both temporal areas. Localized activated patterns similar to those of controls were recognized. Conclusion : Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have increased baseline brain activity. In controls, brains showed localized response to a attentional stimuli, and functional changes related to attentional stimuli were recognized in frontal, and parieto-occipital areas. But, patients failed in showing appropriate localized activated response to attentional stimuli. It is concluded that frontal and parieto-occipital areas have some deficit responsible for the attentional dysfunction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

알코올 의존 환자에서의 혈청 성호르몬, 성선자극호르몬, 코티졸 및 프로락틴

서동수,박두병,이길홍 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

목 적 : 알코올 의존 환자들에서 흔히 보이는 성기능장애는 신경병적 요인과 사회심리학적 요인을 배제할 수는 없지만 내분비 기능의 이상에 의해 기인하는 것으로 알려져왔다. 이러한 내분비 이상을 밝히는 예비적 단계로써 알코올 의존 환자에서 성호르몬, 성선 자극 호르몬, 코티졸과 프로락틴을 살펴보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 알코올 의존을 가진 15명의 환자군에서 금단중과 금주후 21일 후에 시상하부-뇌하수체-성선축 호르몬(테스토스테론, 에스트라디올, 황체화 호르몬, 난포자극 호르몬)을 검사하였으며, 이축에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 코티졸 프로락틴도 포함시켰다. 그리고 12명의 건강 대조군에서 동일한 검사를 시행하여 그 결과를 환자군과 비교하였다. 결 과 : 금단중에 황체화 호르몬, 에스트라디올, 코디졸, 프로락틴은 의미있게 상승되었고 이들 호르몬 중 황체화 호르몬과 프로락틴은 금주후 3주뒤에도 여전히 상승되어있었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 간경화가 없는 만성 알코올 의존 환자들은 정상범위에 테스토스테론 농도를 유지하는 것으로 보여진다. 이에비해 에스트로젠과 프로락틴 농도는 뚜렷하게 상승되는 것으로 보이며 이들 호르몬의 상승이 성기능장애를 포함한 만성 알코올 환자들의 여러 가지 임상증상들과 관련이 있는지에 대한 연구가 추후에 이루어져야될 것으로 생각된다. Objective : Sexual dysfunction has been frequently experienced by male alcoholics. The possible etiologies of the sexual problems in alcoholics has been known to be hormonal rather than neuropathic or psychosocial. The main purpose of our study was, therefore, to examine the different parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis(testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone : HPG axis) in chronic alcoholic men. On the other hand, cortisol and prolactin were included because they could influence the HPG axis. Methods : Serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and prolactin were measured in 15 male patients with alcohol dependence once during withdrawal and once after 21 days of abstinence. The results were compared with those of 12 healthy male volunteers. Results : During withdrawal, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cortisol and prolactin levels were significantly enhanced. Estradiol and cortisol concentrations fell significantly during abstinence, whereas luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations remained elevated. Conclusions : These results suggest that normal serum concentrations of testosterone were maintained in alcoholic men without hepatic cirrhosis. In contrast to this. estrogen and prolactin concentrations seemed to be markedly enhanced. Whether this increase in estrogen and prolactin concentrations is implicated in difference clinical and psychological symptoms seen in chronic alcoholics remains to be investigated.

新聞에 揭載된 韓國人 自殺記事 內容 分析

박동철,이영식,박두병,곽동일,이길홍 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.4

To analyze the suicide patterns of Koreans, a research study was conducted from the suicide cases taken from the Dong-A Newspaper from 1981 to 1990. Four hundred and eleven cases were obtained from the collected data, which were composed of 275 cases of males and 136 cases of fe-males. The age groups were classified into 6 groups for convenience, 10's, 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's, and 60's. The group differences were then compared for analysis. The characteristics in relation to the socio-demographics and family environment were conpared for analysis. Suicide types compared and analyzed by gender and age group in terms of frequency, type, time, place, method, motivation, location and size of articles, and risk factors for suicide. Sta-tistical analysis used SPSS/PC^+ for cross-tabulation analysis. 1. In relation to the rate of Koreans' suicide, male suicide rate was at least double that of fe-male(2.02 : 1). The age group of the 20's(118 cases) and 30's(96 cases) accounted for a pre-dominant rate of 52.6% of the sample. 2. The distribution of occupation of suicides showed that most were students(22.5%), followed by the unemployed(17.8%) and housewives(12.7%), retrospectively. In relation to the residency of those that had committed suicide, residents who lived in large cities accounted for the greatest number as 70.3%, Especially, females and cases in their 40's were more likely to live in large cities. In the marital status, singles were in the lead(144 cases, 33.0%). With respect to marital status by age group, cases in their 40's(17.4%) tended to have an unstable status such as divorce, separation, co-habitation, remarriage, or widowed, In birth order, the first child were the highest ones as 22.1%. 3. In relationship to the family structure, data revealed that nuclear families were the most(163 cases). Especially, males and cases in their 40's were likely to be form a nuclear familiy, while those in their 60's were from and extended family. In relation to parental survival, data showed that both parents dead were at the highest frequency as 264 cases. In case of female, loss of both parents were more frequent. 4. With respect to the frequency of recurrent suicide, data presented that 6.3% of the cases ex-perienced recurrent suicide. In case of the recurrent suicide of male(8.0%), the rate was about 2.3 times higher than of female(2.9%) 5. For the relationships of homicide and suicide, data showed that 128cases(31.2%) hurt others and attempted suicide. Among them, 96 cases(23.4%) attempted co-suicide and 32 cases(7.8%) attempted homicide others. Analyzed by the characteristics of gender and age group, 10's males were more likely to commit solo-suicide, women in their 30's or 40's commit co-suicide, and 50's commit suicide after homicide. Among the victims of homicide, family members were the most(42 cases). Analysis by age difference between the suicide partners, the cases of 30's or 40's were with family members, 20's with lovers, and 10's with their peers. 6. In relation to the annual distribution of frequency of suicide, data revealed that most cases of suicide were reported in 1990(95 cases), 70 case in 1981, 45 cases in 1982, 44 in 1983, 30 in 1986, 1987, 1989, each, the fewest cases were in 1985(14 cases). In terms of the trend of sui-cide, recently the rate of male and old cohorts over 50's has been increasing. A great number of suicide were in 1981∼1982 and 1989∼1990, the period of a treat political-economical up-heaval. On the other hand, the number of suicide was low during the period of political-economical stability of 1985 and of political thawing in 1988. These fact demonstrated that there were some relationships between political-economical change and the rate of suicide. 7. For the month of suicide, data showed that the highest frequency of cases were in May and June(21.7%), followed by 44(10.7%) in September. For the season of suicide, the fewest cases were in winter(78 cases). The cases of 10's or 20's were more likely to suicide in May and June, and those of older aged group above 50's in fall, weekend, between 1 : 00∼6 : 00 A.M. 8. With respect to the place of suicide, data presented that in most cases suicide was attempted at home(210 cases). Compared by gender, the rate of femal's suicide at home(71.3%) was remarkably higher than that of male's(41.4%). On the other hand, the rate of male's suicide in indoors was much higher(36.4%) than that of female's(15.4%). Analyzed by age groups over 50's were more likely to attempt suicide at home, 30's in indoors, 20's in the office or outdoors. 9. For the methods of suicide, 31.9% resort to intoxication followed hanging(21.9%), jumping(13.1%), burning(10.2%), CO poisoning(6.1%), gunshot(3.9%) or drowning(2.9%), Compared by gender, while females were more likely to take such passive methods as intoxication or CO poisoning, males were more likely to take rather fatal methods such as hanging, burning, gunshot. 10. In relation to the general motives of suicide, data showed that economic poverty was the lead(20.9%), followed by emotional conflict(19.2%), marital conflict(16.1%), demonstration(8.5%), health problem (6.3%), school problems(5.8%), and job problems(5.6%). Analyzed by age group, in case of 10's adolescent conflicts such as school problems, scolding of parents of teachers, mockery, and frustration were the major motivations of their suicide, in the cases of 20's hetero-sexual problems, job and demonstration were their motivators. In case of 30's marital and legal problems were the motivators, economic problems in the age of 40's, loss of objects in 50's and health problems in 60's were their major motivations of suicide. 11. Analyzed by subtypes of suicide in the socio-psychological perspective, data showed that fatalistic suicide was the most frequent(30.2%), followed by anomic suicide(29.4%), egoistic suicide(21.7%), altruistic suicide(11.2%). Whereas in case of males altruistic and egoistic suicide were relatively more frequent, in case of females fatalistic and egoistic suicide were relatively more frequent. Analyzed by age group, fatalistic suicide in the 60's, anomic suicide in the 40's, egoistic suicide in the 10's adolescents and altruistic suicide in the 20's were more frequent. 12. For the psychodynamic factors of suicide, data revealed that most cases were escape from despair and loneliness(28.5%), followed by revenge toward the objects that hurt him or her(14.8%), inferiority(12.7%), escape from a conflict situation(11.4%), altruistic(7.8%), self-punishment for guilt(6.8%), pessimism(3.9%), reunion fantasy(1.0%), and other(13.1%). Whereas the psychodynamic factors of males were altruistic and inferiority, those of females were despair and revenge. Analyzed by age group, incase of old age groups over 50's despair and loneliness were the major fcators, revenge in the 30's and 40's, altruistic in the 20's inferiority and escape from a conflict situation in the 10's were more frequent psychodynamic factors. 13. With respect to the suicide risk rescue factors, data showed that as the helpers at the time of trying suicide, family members were the most(111 cases). Family members as helpers were more frequent in the case of females and in those of 10's or 60's. While passerbys were more frequent in the case of males and in those of 50's. For the suicide notes, 17.3% left the notes behind and those in their 60's males were more likely to have a relatively higher rate of leaving motes behind. 14. In relation to the experience rate of the suicide risk factors, data demonstrated that 16.8% had a history of depression which comprised the highest rate, followed by an alcoholism history(10.0%), unemployment and retirement(7.1%), recent death of intimates and separation(4.6%), health change(3.2%). Analyzed by gender and age groups, males were more likely to have an alcoholism or depression history, those in their 40's were more likely to have an alcoholism history than those of any other age group cohorts.

한국청소년의 불안 및 우울성향이 청소년비행에 미치는 영향 분석

장동산,이길홍,민병근 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4

The author has tried to select anxiety and depression variables which can discriminate delinquent adolescents from adolescent students along with exploration of their interrelationship and factor structures to identify causes of adolescent delinquency thus providing strategies for them. Measurement of anxiety and depression level undergone through use of the self­rating anxiety scale and the self­rating depression scale both of which were developed by Zung. Twenty one hundred and ninety seven subjects served for this study were comprised of 1,440 adolescent students from junior and senior high school and 757 adolescent delinquents from 4 juvenile correctional institutions throughout the nation represented by using census method. The age range was between 12 years old and 21 years old. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, processed by CDC-174 computer using SPSS program and examined by T-test and MDFA as statistical methods. The results of study were as follows. 1. The SAS index of delinquent adolescents (0.505±0.017) was higher than that of adolescent students (0.453±0.015). This result suggested that the higher anxiety level corresponded with higher delinquent tendency. 2. In discriminating delinquent adolescent from adolescent students, insomnia or nightmare were the most significant discriminating factors. Also, sweating or facial flushing were next ones, while dizziness, nausea and vomiting were the least discriminating factors. This suggested that the higher delinquent tendency corresponded with the higher anxiety level of the central nervous system or the sympathetic nervous system, but with the lower anxiety level of the parasympathetic nervous system. 3. The depression index of delinquent adolescents was 0.528±0.020 and that of adolescent students was 0.512±0.017. This result suggested that the higher delinquent tendency corresponded with higher depression level. 4. Agitation, retardation, suicidal rumination, weight loss or insomnia were more frequently complained in the delinquents than adolescent students did. However, confusion, personal devaluation, hopelessness or depressive affect were more frequently shown by adolescent students comparing with the delinquents. This suggested that the higher tendency of suicide, psychomotor activity or rhythmic depression corresponded with higher tendency of delinquency, while the higher tendency of ideational depression or pervasive affect corresponded with lower tendency of delinquency. 5. In the accuracy of the classification of the adolescent delinquency, their discriminating power by self rating depression scale was 92.5% and this rate was higher than the rate of accuracy by self­rating anxiety scale as 66.4%. This indicated that both scales could be useful to discriminate delinquent adolescents from adolescent students, but depression scale was more accurate and reliable than anxiety scale.

제주도 연근해 어업의 실태와 문제점 및 발전방향

정동근,노홍길 제주대학교 해양연구소 1997 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.21 No.-

The actual conditions of coastal and near sea fishery in Cheju-do are as follows: i) The number of fishing population is continuously decreasing and the rate of a woman engaged in fishery is remarkably high. ii) The influence of fishing boat is that a small fishing boat less than 10 tonnage is constantly increasing and the increasing rate of the class in 10-50 tonnage is very high. iii) There are 107 places of a fishing port in Cheju-Do. but the dissppointed fishing ports are 80%. iv) Fishery with boat is being operated by center of angling, long line. gill net and scoop net. v) The species of production are mainly fishes, mostly high ranks fishes and the price is pretty high. vi) A tour fishery operated connectionally with the tourist industry at the suspension of fishing operations with boat considerably has the possibility of development. The subject and development directions are as follows : i) The decreasing of fishing population and the strengthening of counterplan with supply and demand of fishing population. ii) The expansion of a fishing port and the enlargement of influence of fishing port. iii) The improvement for marketing environment of fishery production. iv) The expansion of a basis of a tour fishing boat. v) The mechanization and automatism of a fishing boat. vi) Establishment of collection system of catch data.

뇌파 바이오피드백 기기를 활용한 집중력 훈련이 양궁 경기 수행력에 미치는 영향

정청희,홍길동,황진 한국스포츠심리학회 2004 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 뇌파 바이오피드백 기기를 활용한 9주간의 주의집중 훈련 프로그램이 양궁 경기 수행력과 집중력에 효과가 있는지를 규명하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 8명의 양궁 선수들(남=2, 여=6)로서 본 연구 실시 이전의 양궁 경기에서의 성적 순위별로 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 4명씩 무선할당하였으며, 실험집단은 9주간 Q-jump 바이오피드백 기기를 활용하여 주의집중 지속력 훈련과 주의집중 전환력 훈련을 실시하였고, 통제집단은 집중력 훈련 프로그램을 제회한 모든 훈련 과정에서 실험집단과 동일하게 통제되었다. 실험 과제는 주의집중 지속력 및 전환력 점수 그리고 양궁 점수이다. 결과 분석을 위해서 사전검사와 사후검사별로 집단간 차이를 살펴보기 위해 독립 t-검정을 실시했으며, 측정 시기별 차이를 규명하기 위해 반복 측정(repeated measure) 방법 중 반복대비분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. (a) Q-jump 바이오피드백 기기를 활용한 주의 집중력 훈련을 실시한 결과 주의집중 지속력과 주의집중 전환력에서는 집단간 차이가 나타났다. (b) Q-jump 바이오피드백 기기를 활용한 주의 집중력 훈련을 실시한 결과 양궁 시합 점수에서는 집단간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. This study presents evidence of effectiveness of 9-week concentration training with brainwave biofeedback on concentration ability and archery competition performance. Eight university archery players(M=2, F=6) were divided into two groups(Experimental and Control).Experimental group(n=4) completed a series of concentration training program using a Q-jump computer system. Experimental task was a competition score. To determine the effectiveness of the concentration training contrast analysis was performed. ANCOVA was applied to the test data. The results of the analysis are as followings (a) The Q-jump feedback has an influence on improvement of concentration endurance and shift ability from 6weeks to 9weeks. (b) The concentration program with Q-jump feedback does not have an influence on Archer' competition scores.