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Brain Perfusion Correlates of Apathy in Alzheimer's Disea
정현석,Ilhyang Kang,임주연,Jong-Sik Park,Seung-Hee Na,Youngje Heo,양영순,정용안,송인욱 대한치매학회 2018 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.17 No.2
Background and Purpose: Apathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It may have adverse impacts on the progression of AD. However, its neurobiological underpinnings remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between AD patients with apathy and those without apathy. Methods: Sixty-six apathetic AD patients and 66 AD patients without apathy completed Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and underwent technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans. Voxel-wise differences in rCBF between the 2 groups were examined. Association between rCBF and levels of apathy in the apathetic group was also assessed. Results: AD patients with apathy showed lower rCBF in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, left putamen, left nucleus accumbens, left thalamus, and bilateral insula than those without (all p <0.005). Mean perfusion across all significant clusters showed a negative linear correlation with NPI apathy score in AD patients with apathy (β=−0.25; p =0.04). Conclusions: Hypoperfusion in the prefrontal, striatal, and insular areas may be neural correlates of apathy in AD patients.
건강한 성인에서의 고전적 공포 조건화 및 소거에 연관된 뇌 영역에 대한 뇌영상 연구 고찰
강일향,서채원,윤수정,김정윤,Kang, Ilhyang,Suh, Chaewon,Yoon, Sujung,Kim, Jungyoon 대한생물정신의학회 2021 생물정신의학 Vol.28 No.2
Fear conditioning and extinction, which are adaptive processes to learn and avoid potential threats, have essential roles in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Experimental fear conditioning and extinction have been used to identify the mechanism of fear and anxiety in humans. However, the brain-based mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction are yet to be established. In the current review, we summarized the results of neuroimaging studies that examined the brain changes-functional activity and structures-regarding fear conditioning or extinction in healthy individuals. The functional activity of the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus changed dynamically with both fear conditioning and extinction. This review may provide an up-to-date summary that may broaden our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of anxiety disorder. In addition, the brain regions that are involved in the fear conditioning and extinction may be considered as potential treatment targets in the future studies.
Yoon, Sujung,Kim, Jieun E,Hwang, Jaeuk,Kang, Ilhyang,Jeon, Saerom,Im, Jooyeon J,Kim, Bori R,Lee, Sunho,Kim, Geon Ha,Rhim, Hyewhon,Lim, Soo Mee,Lyoo, In Kyoon American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2017 Neuropsychopharmacology Vol.42 No.2
<P>The neural mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have long been studied. However, little is known about the neural correlates of the recovery process from PTSD. A 5-year longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the trajectory of structural connectivities of the amygdala in disaster survivors with PTSD. Thirty disaster survivors, who were diagnosed with PTSD, and 29 healthy individuals, who were not exposed to trauma, underwent three waves of assessments including neuroimaging scanning over a 5-year period from the time of the disaster at approximately 1.3-year intervals. All disaster survivors showed significant improvements in PTSD symptoms over time. Using diffusion tensor imaging analysis, a 5-year trajectory of amygdalar structural connectivities with key brain regions was assessed. The amygdala insula connection was initially strengthened and then normalized during recovery, while the amygdala prefrontal cortex (PFC) connection was at first unaffected, then strengthened, and eventually normalized. The lower tract strength of the amygdala thalamus connection normalized during recovery, while that of amygdala hippocampus connection remained low. The greater amygdala PFC connectivity was associated with less PTSD symptom severity. The present longitudinal study revealed that recovery from PTSD parallels dynamic and sequential shifts in amygdalar connectivities with multiple brain regions, suggesting the expanded view of fear circuitry including the insula and-thalamus, beyond the traditional model which primarily involves the amygdala, PFC, and hippocampus.</P>
탈수초화 동물 모델과 <sup>1</sup>H 자기공명분광영상
조한별,이수지,박신원,강일향,마지영,정현석,김지은,윤수정,류인균,임수미,김정윤,Cho, Han Byul,Lee, Suji,Park, Shinwon,Kang, Ilhyang,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Kim, Jieun E.,Yoon, Sujung,Lyoo, In Kyoon,Lim, Soo Mee,Kim, Jungyoon 대한생물정신의학회 2017 생물정신의학 Vol.24 No.1
The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H-MRS$) is a tool used to detect concentrations of brain metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). It has been widely used because it does not require additional devices other than the conventional magnetic resonance scanner and coils. Demyelination, or the neuronal damage due to loss of myelin sheath, is one of the common pathologic processes in many diseases including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophy, encephalomyelitis, and other forms of autoimmune diseases. Rodent models mimicking human demyelinating diseases have been induced by using virus (e.g., Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus) or toxins (e.g., cuprizon or lysophosphatidyl choline). This review is an overview of the MRS findings on brain metabolites in demyelination with a specific focus on rodent models.
Lee, Junghyun H.,Jeon, Yujin,Bae, Sujin,Jeong, Jee Hyang,Namgung, Eun,Kim, Bori R.,Ban, Soonhyun,Jeon, Saerom,Kang, Ilhyang,Lim, Soo Mee The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.1
Objectives It is increasingly thought that the human cerebellum plays an important role in emotion and cognition. Although recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also be implicated in fear learning, only a limited number of studies have investigated the cerebellar abnormalities in panic disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar gray matter deficits and their clinical correlations among patients with panic disorder. Methods Using a voxel-based morphometry approach with a high-resolution spatially unbiased infratentorial template, regional cerebellar gray matter density was compared between 23 patients with panic disorder and 33 healthy individuals. Results The gray matter density in the right posterior-superior (lobule Crus I) and left posterior-inferior (lobules Crus II, VIIb, VIIIa) cerebellum was significantly reduced in the panic disorder group compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected, extent threshold = 100 voxels). Additionally, the gray matter reduction in the left posterior-inferior cerebellum (lobule VIIIa) was significantly associated with greater panic symptom severity (r = -0.55, p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the gray matter deficits in the posterior cerebellum may be involved in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cerebro-cerebellar network in panic disorder.
경두개직류자극술의 인지기능 개선 작용기전에 대한 고찰 : 기능적 자기공명영상 연구를 중심으로
홍혜진(Haejin Hong),김진솔(Jinsol Kim),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),김신혜(Shinhye Kim),강일향(Ilhyang Kang),홍가혜(Gahae Hong),김정윤(Jungyoon Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2020 생물치료정신의학 Vol.26 No.2
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and effective neuromodulatory technique to modulate cortical activities by applying 1 to 2 milliamps electric current. The use of tDCS to enhance cognitive function such as executive function and memory has attracted much attention in recent years, and a lot of studies have been carried out to identify neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS. In this review, we discussed the previous neuroimaging studies on applications of tDCS for cognitive enhancement using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous tDCS studies for neurological or psychiatric conditions and elderly individuals suggested that cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were associated with normalizing aberrant brain networks and activities related to pathophysiology. Moreover, tDCS-induced cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals was associated with functional changes in brain activations and network connectivity. Furthermore, cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were varied depending on the neurological structure and functional characteristics between individuals. The current review may provide critical insights into functional activity and connectivity of the brain regarding cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS, which could give direction for further studies on identifying the specific neural mechanisms and clinical strategies of tDCS.
신경범죄학 : 뇌영상을 활용한 공격성 및 범죄 행동의 이해
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,정유진,문소현,김영은,강일향,김영훈,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Eujin,Moon, Sohyeon,Kim, Nicole Y.,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Young Hoon,Shin, Kyu 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.2
Criminology has been understood within a sociological framework until the emergence of neurocriminology, which describes, understands and predicts criminal behaviors from a neurobiological point of view. Not only using biological factors including genes and hormones to understand criminal behaviors, but also using neuroimaging techniques, the field of neurocriminology aims to delve into both structural and functional differences in the brain of individuals with aggression, antisocial personalities, and even the criminals. Various studies have been conducted based on this idea, however, there still are limitations for the knowledge from these studies to be used in the court. In this review article, we provide an overview of the various research in neurocriminology, and provide insight into the future direction and implication of the field.
Kwon, Oran,Lee, Sunho,Ban, Soonhyun,Im, Jooyeon J.,Lee, Doo Suk,Lee, Eun Hee,Kim, Joohee,Lim, Soo Mee,Lee, Sang Gon,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Yoon, Sujung,Lee, Sun Hea The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.2
Objectives The combination extract of four kinds of herbs, Gastrodia elata, Liriope platyphylla, Dimocarpus longan, and Salvia miltiorrhiza, has shown to have memory improving effects in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the herbal mixture for improving working memory as well as microstructural changes in white matter integrity in individuals with subjective memory complaints. Methods Seventy-five individuals with subjective memory complaints were assigned to receive either placebo (n = 15) or herbal mixture (low-dose group, n = 30 and high-dose group, n = 30) supplementation in an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Changes in working memory performance and fractional anisotropy (FA) values reflecting white matter integrity from baseline to 8-week endpoint were assessed. Results The herbal mixture group showed an increase in working memory performance compared to the placebo group (p for interaction = 0.001). In addition, the herbal mixture group showed an increase in FA values in the temporo-parietal regions (corrected p < 0.05), which are crucially involved in working memory function and are among the most affected regions in patients with cognitive impairments. Conclusions Findings from this study indicate that the herbal mixture may be a promising therapeutic option for individuals with subjective memory complaints.