English-only Education Movement in the U.S.: Focusing on Proposition 227

Jun-Eon Park 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.1

Park, Jun-Eon. 2004. English-only Education Movement in the U.S.: Focusing on Proposition 227. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). This paper analyzes the recent English-only movement prevalent in the United States of America, focusing on Proposition 227, which was enacted as California Educational Code in 1998. Seemingly, the legislation of 227 is considered a victory of pro-English monolingual activists, who have propagated their anti-bilingual sentiment throughout the nation since the 1980s. Advocates of English-only education maintain that bilingualism and bilingual education do much harm to the limited English proficient students by obstructing the development of English proficiency, whereas advocates of bilingual education rebut this argument as groundless and misleading. Unless Proposition 227 is overturned by California voters, the educational law is expected to exert its legal power in oppressing bilingualism and bilingual education that have been appraised as beneficial to the education of ethnic minority students in the state.

고속도강공구의 절삭온도 예측과 플랭크마모에 관한 연구

전태옥,전언찬,박흥식,배춘익 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

Temperature distribution on the flank face in orthogonal turning with cutting tool of high speed steel is studied by using a finite element method and experiments. Experiments are carried out to verify the validity of the temperature measurement by using a thermoelectric couple junction imbedded in a cutting tool. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical results and the experimental ones for the temperature distributions on flank face of cutting tool Flank wear were observed by the tool microscope. The analytical results show that the temperature on the top flank face of a tool is higher because of the difference of the friction velocity on each face of the tool.

純 알루미늄의 切削性에 관한 硏究

全泰玉,全彦燦,朴興植,朴永宅 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1989 硏究報告 Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, results of test about machinability of the carbide tools having various tool angle on light cutting are described. The conclusion is as follows ; 1. According to the increase of cutting speed, specific cutting forces are decreased. 2. According to the increase of cutting speed and feed, chip width and chip thickness are both decreased. 3. The experimental roughness of working surface became smaller than theoretical roughness. 4. Size of burrs decreased with increase of disengage angle.

摩擦係數에 미치는 摩擦面 表層軟化의 影響에 관한 硏究 : 高分子 材料의 경우 Friction and Wear Characteristics of Thermoplastic Polymers

全泰玉,全彦燦,朴興植 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1984 硏究報告 Vol.8 No.2

For the study, thermoplastic rigid polyvinyl chloride, which has been widely used for the parts of machine, has been applied as high polymetric materials and has been investigated into relationship between circumferential surface and steel sphere in order to clear the characteristics of the softened surface layer with frictional velocity, contact load and feed. The results obtained are as follows. 1. In constant frictional velocity, as the contact load was increased by degree the coefficients of friction was slowly decreased and it has inclination of increasing by softness on the surface layer according as the contact load was increased. 2. In constant contact load, as the frictional velocity was increased by 63m/min the coefficients of friction was slowly decreased, and in more than, the coefficients of friction was rapidly decreased by a lubricating effect of the frictional surface layer. 3. The fusional trace on the harden polyvinyl chloride was appeared by the frictional force with it according as the frictional velocity and the contact load were become high, especially appeared the deep ones with softening on the frictional surface. 4. Under condition of feeding, the coefficients of friction of a new surface was high in higher than 503m/min of the frictional velocity, but low in lower than the value comparing with repeated friction.

흰쥐 Kupffer 세포에 대한 Propofol의 작용

박세훈,지대림,성언기,김희선,송인환,박희영,김준수,이덕희,박대팔 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: Propofol has an antioxidant capacity and can be used for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. However, the effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells have not been establisked. Methods: Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured from male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells were evaluated by a phagocytosis assay, TNF-α gene expression, and superoxide anion release after administering propofol in different concentrations on the cultured Kuprrer cells. Results: The latex bead phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells was suppressed when the Kupffer cells were exposed to propofol irrespective of concentrations. Higher propofol concentrations decreased the loss of Kupffer cells after latex bead phagocytosis. Propofol induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the Kupffer cells, but the mRNA expression level after 50㎍/ml of propofol decreased. The pattern of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by propofol was different to that induced by LPS: TNF-α mRNA was expressed continuously in the propofol-treated cells until 16 hours after exposure to propofol, whereas the level of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by LPS was evident after 2 hours and was not found thereafter. TNF-α production after propofol treatment was not higher than that of the control. Formazan presipitation did not show any qualitative differences between cells untreated or treated with propofol concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ㎍/ml. Conclusions: These results showed that propofol might inhibit Kupffer cells. This suggests that propofol and be used for patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 475~484)

純알루미늄의 二次元切削 機構에 관한 硏究

全彦燦,芮圭玄,朴興植,全泰玉 東亞大學校 1989 東亞論叢 Vol.26 No.1

The present study was undertaken to investigate the otheogonal cutting mechanism of pure aluminum with sintered carbide tools, such as the cutting resistance, shear angle and work, the formation of chip and the instantaneous aspect for cutting process. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In case of negative tool rake angle, the decrease rate of cutting resistance was progressed till high speed cutting. 2. When the cutting depth is small, the shear angle of cutting part depends on the influence of size effect. 3. The formation of chip is classified into shear type, vertical compression type, horizontal compression type and flow type. 4. The measurement of the built-up edge was able to obtain decreased by the geometric expression of the instantaneous aspect for cutting process.

경부 청소술 후의 승모근기능

박준명,박동식,정광익,이언석,노영수 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Adrenal Ganglioneuroma Treated by Laparoscopic Surgery

Jun Young Hwang,Yoo Shin Choi,Jun Seok Park,Young Seok Kim,Beom Gyu Kim,Seong Jae Cha,Sung Jun Park,In Taik Chang,Sung Il Park,Eon Sub Park 대한외과학회 2008 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.75 No.1

Adrenal ganglioneuromas are rare benign tumors arising from the neural crest tissue of the sympathoadrenal nervous system. Because most of these tumors are hormonally silent and patients with them are often asymptomatic, they are often identified incidentally in patients undergoing abdominal imaging studies for unrelated reasons. Diagnosis of this entity is very difficult to make, with definitive diagnosis being based on histological examination. Surgical resection may be both diagnostic and therapeutic. A technique for laparoscopic adrenalectomy of benign adrenal tumors has recently been developed. If the tumor is excised with an adequate resection margin, the postoperative prognosis is very good. In this report, we describe two cases of adrenal ganglioneuroma that were treated using a laparoscopic resection procedure, and we also present a review of the pertinent literature.

Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field is an Environmental Stress Factor by Exerting Oxidative Stress

Park, Yong-Jin,Park, Won-Joo,Yim, Sung-Hyuk,Yang, Seong-Jun,Sun, Yuan Lu,Jeong, Ji-Hoon,Park, Eon-Sub The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2007 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol. No.

The previous study reported the biological effect of magnetic field exerted by acting on endocrine and anti-oxidant system. The present study aims to study whether ELF-MF (extremely low frequency magnetic field) affects the physiological endocrine systems such as thyroid and whether ELF-MF affects the defense system against oxidative stress when it alters the function of thyroid. Finally, we correlate the effects of MF on oxidative stress, and adrenal and thyroid with an environmental stress factor. We exposed sham or MF to rats for 5 or 25 days. After the exposure, we determined pain sensitivity, level of TSH, $T_3$ and free $T_4$ in plasma. We also assayed in whole brain, lipid peroxidation, the activity of enzymatic anti-oxidant defense including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non enzymatic defense such as reduced or oxidized glutathione contents. MF induced the hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli with the reduction of latency. $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were also increased by the exposure of MF. In addition, we observed the rise of MDA level in rat brain by MF although the MF did not change superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The effect of MF on both reduced and oxidized glutathione results in decrease in reduced or oxidized glutathione in whole brain. In every experiment, there was no significant difference in MF influence between short term (5 days) and long term (25 days) exposure. Taken together, MF exposure affects the thyroid hormonal control in brain. The elevated thyroid hormone acts on brain, leading to hyper-utilization of oxygen. This phenomenon may be correlated with oxidative stress resulting from MF exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that MF exposure may be an environmental stress by exerting oxidative stress.

Is Second Language (L2) Learning Different from First Language(L1) Acquisition?

Park, Jun-Eon 水原大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문은 "외국어 습득과 모국어 습득 간에 질적인 차이점이 있는가?"라는 질문에 대하여 2가지 상반된 입장을 검토, 정리하였다. 첫째, 모국어 습득과 외국어 습득을 질적으로 차이가 없다는 입장(Language Acquisition Process)과 언어학습전략(Language Learning Strategies)에 차이가 없다는 것을 들고 있다. 둘째로, 모국어 습득과 외국어 습득 간의 질적인 차이점이 있다는 것을 주장하는 입장(L1 ≠L2 Position)은 그 근거로서 크게 양자간의 언어 습득자의 연령 차이로 인한 질적인 상이함(결정적 시기 가설 : Critical Period Hypothesis), 언어 화석화(Fossilization), 언어전이(Transfer), 입력 언어의 차이(Input Difference), 언어 학습자의 언어 발달 과정상의 차이(Developmental Difference), 인지 능력상의 차이(Cognitive Difference)를 들고 있다. 모국어 습득과 외국어 습득 간의 관계를 보다 명확히 규명하기 위해서는 양자간에 영향을 미치는 제반변인(Variable)들을 포함할 수 있는 포괄적인 분석의 틀이 요구되어 진다. IS L2 development different from L1 development? There is considerable debate in the literature over this issue. The focus of debate is whether such differences constitute differences in kind, whether there is qualitative difference in the two processes, whether the processes are radically different. In discussing this issue, I will consider first L1=L2 position, and next L1 ≠L2 position.