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Micro-CT as a new method for assessing non-clinical skeletal birth defects
Heekyeong Go, Jugyeong Lee, Yujoon Lim,Sun-Young Lee,Jeong-Dong Park,Wook-Joon Yu,Ji-Seong Jeong,Sang Yun Kim,Jinsoo Lee 한국동물실험대체법학회 2023 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Developmental toxicity testing is important non-clinical testing for the development of new drugs and is generally conducted based on the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines S5 (R3). Skeletal birth defect examinations in developmental toxicity testing are an important endpoint for the observation of fetal structural alterations. Currently, alizarin red and/or alcian blue staining is considered the gold standard for evaluating fetal bone structure. However, these staining methods have several limitations, including time consumption, potential loss, artifacts, limited additional analyses, and space for archiving. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning for skeletal birth defects has emerged as an alternate method to resolve the limitations and concerns of the current staining methods. This review provides an overview of micro-CT methods for the examination of skeletal birth defects, including procedures, advantages, applied examples, limitations, and future directions for regulatory acceptance. With advancements in technology, micro-CT for skeletal birth defect examinations could be more widely used in future developmental toxicity testing. Adopting this new technology will reduce the number of animals, labor, and time used in non-clinical toxicity tests.
Field averaging effect and estimation of minimum sample size in wide-field diamond microscopy
Yoon Jungbae,Jeong Jugyeong,Lee Donghun 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.82 No.10
Wide-feld diamond microscopy is a powerful imaging method based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. It enables magnetic imaging over wide areas of sample with fast data acquisition. However, there can exist feld averaging efect resulting from the large feld gradient around magnetic samples and the collective measurement with ensemble NV centers in a difraction-limited laser spot. As a result, the overall magnitude of magnetic felds is greatly reduced compared to the actual felds. Here, we conduct micromagnetic simulation on diferent sizes of magnetic samples with various spatial resolutions. We fnd that based on the magnetic sensitivity and the spatial resolution of a wide-feld diamond microscope, one can estimate the minimum size of sample resolvable with the setup. This provides useful information in the design of an experiment without unnecessary trial and error measurements.
Heon-Sik Lee,Jugyeong Song,김태명,주성수,박동선,Jeong Hee Jeon,Sunhee Shin,Hyoung Kook Park,Won Kyung Lee,이선영,김미리,Do Ik Lee,김윤배 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6
The effects of a preparation of combined glutathione-enriched yeast (GEY) and rice embryo/soybean (RES) extracts (20:1), GEY/RES, on experimentally induced ethanol hangover were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. To evaluate the preventive effects on hangover, rats were orally administered GEY/RES (50/2.5, 100/5, or 200/10mg/kg) for 2 weeks. At 30 minutes after the final treatment, they were challenged with 3mL/kg ethanol (15mL of 20% in water/kg). The blood concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde were analyzed up to 7 hours postchallenge. Hepatic mRNA expression levels of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 type 2E1 (CYP2E1), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additional rats were challenged with ethanol and, 60 minutes later, administered GEY/RES to evaluate alcohol clearance. Pretreatment with GEY/RES for 2 weeks reduced the blood concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in a dose-dependent manner, lowering by 29.5% and 54.6% at the highest dose (200/10mg/kg), respectively. The expressions of mRNAs for ADH and ALDH, the major alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, were markedly increased in the livers of rats administered GEY/RES for 2 weeks, whereas CYP2E1 mRNA was suppressed. Postchallenge treatment with GEY/RES enhanced the alcohol clearance rate by lowering blood concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde by 24% and 26.6%, respectively, for the highest dose group. GEY/RES remarkably eliminated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical and FeCl3-mediated lipid peroxidation in vitro and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation following ethanol administration in vivo. Therefore, it is suggested that GEY/RES reduces the blood concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde not only by modulating alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, but also by exerting its antioxidant activity, and that GEY/RES could be a promising candidate for improvements of alcoholic hangover.
Protective Effect of Anthocyanins against the Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
Sunhee Shin,Dongsun Park,Min-Jung Jang,Jeong Hee Jeon,Namgil O,Jugyeong Song,Jinsoo Lee,Byung-Yul Kim,Seong Soo Joo,Seock-Yeon Hwang,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.3
Reddish purple-colored fruits and vegetables contain high level of anthocyanins, which are well known to exert antioxidant, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective actions. In the present study, the effect of purified anthocyanin on the liver injury and dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl₄ at a dose of 1.1 mL/㎏ to induce hepatic damage. The rats were orally administered with anthocyanin (50, 160 or 500 ㎎/㎏) 4 hr and 30 min prior to as well as 4 hr and 20 hr after CCl₄ challenge. Four hr following final anthocyanin treatment (24 hr after CCl₄ injection), time-course of blood concentration of intravenously-injected bromosulphalein were examined. In addition, blood parameters of hepatic injury in accordance with histopathological findings were analyzed. The biliary excretion time and clearance of bromosulphalein were greatly delayed by CCl₄ injection, which were recovered by anthocyanin (160-500 ㎎/㎏). CCl₄ drastically increased the blood markers of hepatotoxicity, and caused centrilobular congestion, hepatocytic degeneration, lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration, leading to disintegration of hepatic cords The increased biochemical parameters and hepatic lesions induced by CCl₄ were significantly attenuated by anthocyanin treatment. The results suggest that anthocyanin might prevent liver dysfunction induced by CCl₄, and that anthocyanin could be a potential candidate for the prevention of hepatic disorders.
Dongsun Park,Heon-Sik Lee,Tae Myoung Kim,Jugyeong Song,Jeong Hee Jeon,Sunhee Shin,Seong Soo Joo,Hyoung Kook Park,Won Kyung Lee,Jin Tae Hong,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.1
The effects of GEY+RES, a preparation of combined glutathione-enriched yeast (GEY) and rice embryo/soybean (RES) extracts (20:1), on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic injury were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were orally administered with GEY+RES at low (GEY+RES=50+2.5 ㎎/㎏), medium (100+5 ㎎/㎏) or high (200+10 mg/kg) doses for 2 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal challenge with CCl₄ (1 mL/㎏) 30 min after the final treatment. Twenty four hours later, initial biliary excretion and time-course of blood concentration of intravenously-injected bromosulphalein were examined. In addition, blood parameters of hepatic injury in accordance with histopathological findings were analyzed. The biliary excretion time and clearance of bromosulphalein were greatly delayed by CCl₄ injection, which were recovered by GEY+RES in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in decreases to a half level by medium and high doses. CCl₄ drastically increased the blood markers of hepatotoxicity, and caused centrilobular congestion, hepatocytic degeneration, lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration, leading to disintegration of hepatic cords. The increased biochemical parameters and hepatic lesions induced by CCl₄ were significantly attenuated by GEY+RES treatment. The results suggest that GEY+RES might prevent liver dysfunction induced by CCl₄, and that GEY+RES could be a potential candidate for the prevention of hepatic disorders.
Effects of Sweet Potato Fractions on Alcoholic Hangover and Gastric Ulcer
Jwa Jin Kim,Chang Whan Kim,Dongsun Park,Sunhee Shin,Jeong Hee Jeon,Min-Jung Jang,Hyeong-Jin Ji,Namgil O,Jugyeong Song,Jinsoo Lee,Byung-Yul Kim,Ehn-Kyoung Choi,Seong Soo Joo,Seock-Yeon Hwang,Yun-Bae Ki 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.2
Reddish purple-colored fruits and vegetables contain high level of anthocyanins, which are well known to exert antioxidant, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective actions. In the present study, the effects of sweet potato fermentation filtrate (SPF) and its fractions on alcoholic hangover and gastric ulcer were investigated. In order to evaluate antihangover effect, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with SPF (240 or 750 ㎎/㎏) 30 min prior to or 60 min after oral challenge with 3 mL/㎏ of ethyl alcohol (15 mL/㎏ of 20% in water), and the blood concentration of alcohol were analyzed up to 5 hours. Pretreatment with 240 and 750 mg/kg of SPF significantly reduced the blood ethanol concentration by 20-25% and 50-60%, respectively, which was superior to the effect of the Hovenia dulis Thunb extract. In addition, posttreatment of SPF enhanced the alcohol-clearance rate to 2.8 and 3.1 folds at doses of 240 and 750 ㎎/㎏, respectively. In comparison, liquid portion of SPF exerted similar antihanover effect to SPS, whereas the effect of purified anthocyanins was negligible, indicating that active ingredients are included in the liquid portion. For the assessment of antiulcer activity, fractions of SPF were orally treated 30 min before oral administration of absolute ethanol (3 mL/㎏) and intravenous injection of 1% Evan's blue (0.5 mL/㎏). One hour later, the ulcer index (㎜ of ulcer lesions) was measured, and dye leakage on the gastric wall was quantified by extracting the dye with formamide. SPF and its liquid portion (300 ㎎/㎏) near-fully prevented the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and significantly reduced the Evan's blue leakage, while the purified anthocyanins were ineffective. Among subfractions, buthanol fraction of SPFliquid portion exerted a substantial antiulcer activity, which was superior to water and methanol fractions. Taken together, it was demonstrated that SPF possesses antihangover and antiulcer activities, and that buthanol fraction of SPF-liquid portion contains active ingredients. Therefore, it is suggested that SPF or its buthanol fraction could be a potential candidate for the attenuation of hangover and gastric ulcers induced by excessive drinking of alcohol, although the action mechanisms remain to be clarified.