장백산 살충식물자원에 관한 연구

김대용(Da Yong Jin),여용석(Long Shi Lu),박금(Jin Piao),전설여(Xue Li Qian),여혜자(Hui Zi Lu) 강원대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 심포지움-생물자원의 보고 장백산 Vol.2002 No.-

Glia maturation factor beta deficiency protects against diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast hyperactivity

Shi Si,Gu Huijie,Xu Jinyuan,Sun Wan,Liu Caiyin,Zhu Tong,Wang Juan,Gao Furong,Zhang Jieping,Ou Qingjian,Jin Caixia,Xu Jingying,Chen Hao,Li Jiao,Xu Guotong,Tian Haibin,Lu Lixia 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Excessive osteoclast activation, which depends on dramatic changes in actin dynamics, causes osteoporosis (OP). The molecular mechanism of osteoclast activation in OP related to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) is considered a growth and differentiation factor for both glia and neurons. Here, we demonstrated that Gmfb deficiency effectively ameliorated the phenotype of T1D-OP in rats by inhibiting osteoclast hyperactivity. In vitro assays showed that GMFB participated in osteoclast activation rather than proliferation. Gmfb deficiency did not affect osteoclast sealing zone (SZ) formation but effectively decreased the SZ area by decreasing actin depolymerization. When GMFB was overexpressed in Gmfb-deficient osteoclasts, the size of the SZ area was enlarged in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, decreased actin depolymerization led to a decrease in nuclear G-actin, which activated MKL1/SRF-dependent gene transcription. We found that pro-osteoclastogenic factors (Mmp9 and Mmp14) were downregulated, while anti-osteoclastogenic factors (Cftr and Fhl2) were upregulated in Gmfb KO osteoclasts. A GMFB inhibitor, DS-30, targeting the binding site of GMFB and Arp2/3, was obtained. Biocore analysis revealed a high affinity between DS-30 and GMFB in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, DS-30 strongly suppressed osteoclast hyperactivity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our work identified a new therapeutic strategy for T1D-OP treatment. The discovery of GMFB inhibitors will contribute to translational research on T1D-OP.

중국 도시지리학 연구동향

김석주,여필순 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 2002 영남지역발전연구 Vol.30 No.-

In an effort to introduce the developments and research, this thesis looked briefly into developments of urban geography achieved in China after adopting the Reform and Opening Policy in 1978, along with research trend in this field, so to contribute to widening Korean geographers' knowledge about this subject. China's urban geography started from almost a blank, but has been developing at comparatively fast speed. Chinese urban geographers have been absorbing constructively relative urban geography theories abroad and grafting them into China's realities and so have constructed the urban geography research system that has chinese figures and at the same time harmonize with world rules. China's urban geography researches are progressed in such 4 fields below: As far as the research of urbanization is concerned, the most important influencing factor has been considered to be industrialization, but recently with the fast-speed development of rural enterprisers, the development of small-size cities in the usual districts has also become a distinct fact. About the research of internal space structure, study on city's internal commercial districts is the main stream along with the development of 3-degree industry. And the research about CBD has also started. In the research about urban system, most attempts are centered on drawing out normal methods of the urban system's development based on Central Place Theory. However, the problem that there are much more macro-research than micro-research has become obvious. Research about urban development policy can be generally classified as "to control large cities, develop media-sized cities reasonably, and develop small-sized cities actively" policy. With the exception of the 4 fields discussed above, research fields such as urban design, urban continuance possibilities, urban social geography, urban-district, have also been progressed steadily, but they will be left as the research subjects discussed hereafter.

한국어 말하기 교육에서의 상호최적성이론 적용 연구

김충실 ( Jin Zhong Shi ),고륙양 ( Gao Lu Yang ) 한국어교육연구소 2015 한국어교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

지금까지 말하기 교육에서 그라이스주의(Gricean Maxims, 格萊斯主義) 대화격률을 금과옥조로 받아들여 문법과 같이 ‘화’의 ‘법’으로 이해하게 되었다. 하지만 일상 대화의 실제 발화들은 이러한 격률을 엄격하게 지킨 담화로만 이루어져 있지 않다. 따라서 대화의 격률이 말하기의 이론으로 직접 대입될 수 없고 외국어로서의 한국어 말하기 교육에도 그대로 적용될 수 없음을 분명히 보여주고 있다. 논문은 이러한 이론에 기대어 말하기 교재와 교육에서는 아래와 같은 두 가지 문제를 제기했다. 첫째, 대화에서는 현실 생활에서 가능한 여러 가지 변이형들을 제시되어야 하는데 말하기 교재는 일반적으로 일문일답의 형식으로 대화 예문을 제시하였다. 이런 대화는 그라이스(1975)의 질의 격률과 양의 격률에 맞으며 문법이나 상황에도 맞는 대화이지만 현실생활에서 이탈된 것이 많다. 둘째, 대화에서 상황 제시나 스키마 교육 등과 같은 언어 외적 요소(言語外的要素)에 대한 설명이 결여되어 있다. 이런 대화도 문법이나 상황에 맞고 또 그라이스(1975)의 관련격률에도 맞는 대화이지만 의사소통이 원활하게 이루어지지 않는 것들이 많았다.. 논문은 이런 문제의식에서 출발하여 세 개 측면에서 논의하였다. 먼저 국내 상호최적성이론의 선행 연구를 돌아보고 그 한계와 말하기 교육에서 적용 가능성을 제시하였다. 다음으로 상호최적성 이론의 발전 배경과 그 특징 및 분석모형을 소개하고 상호최적성이론의 틀 속에서 한국어 말하기에서 화자와 청자의 대화를 실례로 구문 제약, 화용론 제약 및 억양제약을 표현과 이해의 측면에서 제약의 순위를 살폈다. 마지막으로 교재에 대화 내용을 입력할 때 다양하고 현실성이 강한 담화모형 제시, 언어의 산출과 이해에 적용되는 화용적 제약에 대한 설명 제시, 억양제약이 작용되는 담화형태의 제시와 설명 등의 제안을 제기하고 상호최적성이론이 외국어로서의 한국어 말하기 교육에 일정한 부분 기여할 수 있음을 제시했다. Recently, Korean conversation teaching field Generally accept the Conversational Implicature of Grice Maxims. However, real life conversation does not strictly adhere to these rules. Therefore,It can't get good teaching results by Rigidly applying Conversational Implicature in Korean conversation teaching. In view of this, This study point out the following problems of Korean conversation text books and the process. Firstly, Conversation teaching should provide the diversified form that used in real life. However, the conversation text book generally provide the form in “one answer for one question” type. This kind of form conforms to the Grice Maxims Conversational Implicature, but out of touching with reality. Secondly, Conversation teaching lack of The explain of external factors of language, such as context and schema. This kind of form May not be able to reach effective communication, even if it conform to the Grice Maxims Conversational Implicature. This study discussed the problems in three aspects. Firstly, reviewed the advanced research Bi-directional Optimality Theory in China, and pointed out its limitations and the applicability in Korean conversation teaching. Secondly, introduced the development background, characteristics of the theory. Finally, discussed problems of how to input conversations, put forward the proposals as providing more diverse and more realistic examples, providing more detailed description of pragmatics, providing intonation examples and instructions. At the same time, this study pointed out that Bi-directional Optimality Theory also play a positive role in Korean conversation teaching.

Resistance of Cucumber Grafting Rootstock Pumpkin Cultivars to Chilling and Salinity Stresses

Yang Xu,Shi-rong Guo,He Li,Hong-zhu Sun,Na Lu,Sheng Shu,Jin Sun 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.2

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus ) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.

부동한 온도처리가 호랑나비의 생장발육에 주는 영향

여용석(Long Shi Lu),맹염령(Yan Ling Meng),김대용(Da Yong Jin) 강원대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 심포지움-생물자원의 보고 장백산 Vol.2002 No.-

Analysis of the Baroreceptor and Vestibular Receptor Inputs in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla following Hypotension in Conscious Rats

Lan, Yan,Lu, Huan-Jun,Jiang, Xian,Li, Li-Wei,Yang, Yan-Zhao,Jin, Guang-Shi,Park, Joo Young,Kim, Min Sun,Park, Byung Rim,Jin, Yuan-Zhe The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

Input signals originating from baroreceptors and vestibular receptors are integrated in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to maintain blood pressure during postural movement. The contribution of baroreceptors and vestibular receptors in the maintenance of blood pressure following hypotension were quantitatively analyzed by measuring phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (pERK) expression and glutamate release in the RVLM. The expression of pERK and glutamate release in the RVLM were measured in conscious rats that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL) and/or sinoaortic denervation (SAD) following hypotension induced by a sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion. The expression of pERK was significantly increased in the RVLM in the control group following SNP infusion, and expression peaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The number of pERK positive neurons increased following SNP infusion in BL, SAD, and BL+SAD groups, although the increase was smaller than seen in the control group. The SAD group showed a relatively higher reduction in pERK expression when compared with the BL group. The level of glutamate release was significantly increased in the RVLM in control, BL, SAD groups following SNP infusion, and this peaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The SAD group showed a relatively higher reduction in glutamate release when compared with the BL group. These results suggest that the baroreceptors are more powerful in pERK expression and glutamate release in the RVLM following hypotension than the vestibular receptors, but the vestibular receptors still have an important role in the RVLM.

Preparation, Characterization and Luminescence Properties of a Novel 1,10-Phenanthroline-Functionalized Polyimide and Its Europium(III) Complexes

Zhiyong Chen,Jianjun Lu,Xuping Li,Xuting Jin,Lijuan Shi,Miaoqing Liu,Zhilin Sun 한국고분자학회 2015 Macromolecular Research Vol.23 No.9

A novel 1,10-phenanthroline-functionalized polyimide (CMPI-Phen) was prepared as polymer matrix by the nucleophilic substitution reaction between chloromethylated polyimide (CMPI) and 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (NH2-Phen). Then, two kinds of luminescent materials of 1,10-phenanthroline-functionalized polyimide containing Eu(III) complexes, were obtained by two different methods. Their structures and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), luminescence spectrometry, and luminescence decay analysis. Investigations revealed that both the CMPI-Phen-Eu(III) and CMPI-Phen-Eu(TTA)3 display highly efficient red emissions, suggesting their potential application as luminescent materials. However, compared with CMPI-Phen-Eu(III), CMPI-Phen-Eu(TTA)3, where TTA stands for thenoyltrifluoroacetone, exhibits more excellent and stable fluorescence intensity and longer luminescence lifetime (134.30 μs). The weight-average molecular weights of CMPI-Phen-Eu(III) and CMPI-Phen- Eu(TTA)3 are 2.40×104 and 3.11×104, respectively. The Eu contents of CMPI-Phen-Eu(TTA)3 and CMPI-Phen-Eu(III) were measured by ICP to be 7.00% and 5.92%, respectively. TGA demonstrated that both CMPI-Phen-Eu(III) and CMPI-Phen-Eu(TTA)3 have high thermal stability and their 5% loss weight temperatures were 356 and 280 oC, respectively. Moreover, both CMPI-Phen-Eu(III) and CMPI-Phen-Eu(TTA)3 were soluble in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) under heating conditions, and could be easily cast into tough thin films.

Analysis of the Baroreceptor and Vestibular Receptor Inputs in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla following Hypotension in Conscious Rats

Yan Lan,Huan-Jun Lu,Xian Jiang,Li-Wei Li,Yan-Zhao Yang,Guang-Shi Jin,박주영,김민선,박병림,Yuan-Zhe Jin 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

Input signals originating from baroreceptors and vestibular receptors are integrated in the rostralventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to maintain blood pressure during postural movement. The contributionof baroreceptors and vestibular receptors in the maintenance of blood pressure following hypotensionwere quantitatively analyzed by measuring phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase(pERK) expression and glutamate release in the RVLM. The expression of pERK and glutamate releasein the RVLM were measured in conscious rats that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL)and/or sinoaortic denervation (SAD) following hypotension induced by a sodium nitroprusside (SNP)infusion. The expression of pERK was significantly increased in the RVLM in the control groupfollowing SNP infusion, and expression peaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The number of pERKpositive neurons increased following SNP infusion in BL, SAD, and BL+SAD groups, although theincrease was smaller than seen in the control group. The SAD group showed a relatively higherreduction in pERK expression when compared with the BL group. The level of glutamate release wassignificantly increased in the RVLM in control, BL, SAD groups following SNP infusion, and thispeaked 10 min after SNP infusion. The SAD group showed a relatively higher reduction in glutamaterelease when compared with the BL group. These results suggest that the baroreceptors are morepowerful in pERK expression and glutamate release in the RVLM following hypotension than thevestibular receptors, but the vestibular receptors still have an important role in the RVLM.

Resistance of Cucumber Grafting Rootstock Pumpkin Cultivars to Chilling and Salinity Stresses

Xu, Yang,Guo, Shi-rong,Li, He,Sun, Hong-zhu,Lu, Na,Shu, Sheng,Sun, Jin Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.2

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.