서울시 지하철 역사내 라돈의 농도분포

황인조,한근혁,최형욱,김동술,김신도 경희대학교 환경연구소 2001 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The various existing situations like overpopulation, urbanization, industrialization, and heavy traffic volume in the Seoul metropolitan area have led to the air pollution problem, traffic problem, and increase in opportunities of residing underground place. So, recently in Korea, the residents using underground working place have been of great concerns on indoor air pollutants such as HCHO, radon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide. However, the studies on indoor air pollution have been not extensively conducted in Korea. Indoor radon is an odorless, colorless, tasteless, invisible, inert, and naturally occurring radioactive gas. And it has been known as one of the notorious carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to survey the concentration variations of radon in the subway stations located Seoul metropolitan area. Total of 216 subway stations were surveyed by the continuous radon monitors from Mar. 2001 to Jun. 2001. The study showed that average radon levels of concourses in each line were 1.51, 1.45, 1.51, 1.23, 1.28, 1.37, 1.12, 1.28 pCi/L and those of platforms in each line were 2.09, 1.43, 1.37, 1.67, 1.44, 1.54, 1.40, 1.22 pCi/L, respectively. The study results showed that the average radon concentrations were 1.19 pCi/L in outdoor, 1.34 pCi/L in concourse, and 1.52 pCi/L in platform, respectively.

열처리 조건이 시금치의 이화학적 특성 및 영양 조성에 미치는 효과

이지선, 황인국, 유선미, 민상기, 김광일, 조연지, 최미정 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.1

This study investigated the effect of thermal treatment (blanching) conditions on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of spinach. For thermal treatments, fresh spinach was treated by three blanching methods including boiled water, steam and pan frying treatments. At the varying time intervals of treatments, pH, color, shear force, proximate composition, organic acid content, peroxidase activity and microbial counts were evaluated. The pH of all treatments tended to increase with increasing blanching time, however, no significant differences among treatments were obtained. The shear force of spinach decreased with blanching time, particularly hot water treatment showed the rapid decrease in the shear force of spinach. The lightness of spinach showed similar pattern with shear force. For proximate compositions, the highest moisture content was found in hot water treatment, while crude protein and ash were highest in steam treatment. Due to the usage oil, pan frying treatment involved in the highest lipid content. The organic acid content treatment was in the order of hot water, pan frying and steam treatment. The thermal treatments attributed to low total plate count of spinach. In addition, thermophilic bacteria, coliform, mold and yeast were not detected in all thermal treatments. Peroxidase activity was lowered by applied thermal treatments. Based on the results, the best blanching condition for spinach was found in steam treatment for 60 s where the spinach showed the minimal changes in physicochemical and nutritional properties of spinach.

분진의 개수농도 및 질량농도에 입각한 서울시 지하철 역사내 오염원의 기여도 결정

최형욱,황인조,김신도,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The subway play an important part in serious traffic problems. However, because subway system is a closed environment, many serious air pollution problems occurred in subway stations and injured passenger's health. Therefore, it is a necessary to identify sources and to estimate pollutant sources in order to protect passenger's health and to keep clean subway environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze a air quality in the subway stations and to apply a new receptor methodology for quantitatively estimate of PM 10 sources. In this study, the size distributions of particulate matters has been measured by using Aerosizer LD (U.S.A., API, Inc.). It's realtime measurement capability of time-of-flight technique offers a significant advantage of user convenience and air pollution management. Also, the mass concentrations of PM 10 has been measured by using mini-vol portable sampler (U.S.A., Airmetrics Co.). The sampling performed in Seoul subway stations during the period of February 2000 and April 2000. The number distribution data used in this study consisted of 26 raw data sets in the Jongno-sam-ga station. Correlation Analysis can be used in subway stations for source separation and identification. Then, number contribution from each source is determined by the particle number balance (PNB). The mass concentration data used in this study consisted of 31 raw data in the 8 different stations. The mass contributions of PM 10 sources in the concourse by using PMF/CMB model.

Discriminative detection of indoor volatile organic compounds using a sensor array based on pure and Fe-doped In₂O₃ nanofibers

Lee, Chul-Soon,Li, Hua-Yao,Kim, Bo-Young,Jo, Young-Moo,Byun, Hyung-Gi,Hwang, In-Sung,Abdel-Hady, Faissal,Wazzan, Abdulaziz A.,Lee, Jong-Heun Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.285 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Representative indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and ethanol need to be detected in a highly sensitive and discriminative manner because of their different impact on human health. In this study, pure and 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 at% Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and their gas sensing characteristics toward the aforementioned VOCs were investigated. The doping of In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofiber sensor with 0.05 and 0.1 at% Fe shifted the temperature to show the maximum responses to benzene, xylene, and toluene, and reduced responses to ethanol and formaldehyde, thus demonstrating changed gas selectivity. The gas sensing characteristics of 0.5 at% Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofiber sensor were substantially different from those of the other sensors. Significantly different gas sensing patterns of pure and Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> sensors could be used to discriminate between the five different VOCs at 375 °C and to distinguish between the aromatic and non-aromatic gases at all sensing temperatures. The mechanism underlying the Fe-induced change in gas sensing characteristics has been discussed in relation to the variation of catalytic activity, morphology, oxygen adsorption, and charge carrier concentration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fabrication of a sensor array using pure and Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofibers. </LI> <LI> Discriminative detection of benzene, xylene, toluene, ethanol, and formaldehyde. </LI> <LI> Distinction between aromatic and non-aromatic indoor pollutants using sensor array. </LI> <LI> Gas sensing mechanism underlying Fe-induced change in response and selectivity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Clinical impact of admission hyperglycemia on in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients

Kim, Eun Jung,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Ju Han,Ahn, Tae Hoon,Seung, Ki Bae,Oh, Dong Joo,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Gwon, Hyeon Cheol,Seong, In Whan,Hwang, Kyung Kuk,Chae, Shung Chull,Kim, Kwon-Bae,Kim, Young Jo,Cha, Kwa Elsevier 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.236 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Acute hyperglycemia on admission is common in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients regardless of diabetic status, and is known as one of prognostic factors. However, the effect of hyperglycemia on non-diabetic patients is still on debate.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 12,625 AMI patients (64.0±12.6years, 26.1% female) who were enrolled in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health between November 2011 and December 2015, were classified into 4367 diabetes (65.4±11.6years, 30.4% female) and 8228 non-diabetes (63.3±13years, 23.9% female). Patients were analyzed for in-hospital clinical outcome according to admission hyperglycemic status.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In diabetic patients, independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were old age, high HbA<SUB>1</SUB>C, pre-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0, left ventricle ejection fraction<40%, cardiogenic shock and ventricular tachycardia. In non-diabetic patients, independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were old age, high admission glucose (≥200mg/dL), pre TIMI flow 0, failed percutaneous coronary intervention, low left ventricle ejection fraction<40%, cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis and decreased Hb≥5g/dL. In hospital mortality was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (5.0% vs. 3.4%, <I>p</I> <0.001). However, non-diabetic patients with hyperglycemia have significantly higher mortality compared to diabetic patients (17.4% vs. 7.2%, <I>p</I> <0.001). Comorbidity including cardiogenic shock (<I>p</I> <0.001), cerebral hemorrhage (<I>p</I> =0.012), decreased Hb≥5g/dL (<I>p</I> =0.013), atrioventricular block (<I>p</I> <0.001) and ventricular tachycardia (<I>p</I> =0.007) was higher in non-diabetic with hyperglycemia than in diabetic patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These findings underscore clinical significance of admission hyperglycemia on in-hospital mortality in non-diabetic AMI patients.</P>

신축 공동주택의 VOCs와 알데히드류 성분에 대한 실태조사

임득용,김지현,황인조,김동술 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In comparison with other studies, in particular, the emission of indoor HCHO in new apartments were very serious and Vacs showed below the Japan's guidelines (260 ㎍/㎥) excepting toluene (324.31 ㎍/㎥). Concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aldehydes in indoor air was analyzed at 3 new apartments (at the lower, middle and upper floors of each apartment) during the Spring in 2004. The sample gases of Vacs and aldehydes were collected by Silicon canister (6 L) and 2,4-DNPH cartridges, and the analysis was made by the GC/MSD and PLC. As a result of the analysis, formaldehyde (HCHO) amongst aldehydes was found the highest (874.63 ppb) at the upper floor of C Apt., and the aldehydes' concentrations were S > C > K Apt. each. Also it did not show an apparent variation of characteristics according to floor. The concentration of VOCs was the highest (819.22 ppb) at the upper floor of C Apt. which exhibited in proportion with height.

十二經脈의 經脈名에 관한 考察

구성태,조명수,황재호,변기원,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1

In the present study, we aimed. to consider the name of twelve main Meridian in order to understand the concept of the Meridian system and to applicate acupuncture theory in the clinical field properly and fundamentally. We referred to several literatures on the matter and we found out that the name of present twelve Meridian was not settled until the period of Yellow Emperor's Classic. In the time of Yellow Emperor's Classic, the two theory of Internal Organ and Meridian system were combined and added new theory of 'WoonGi'. The general rule of combination is that the component of name of Meridian consist of 'Hand' or 'Foot', 'three Eum and Yang' and internal organ. The internal organ coupled with the root ki or middle ki of 'three Eum and Yang' and the 'Hand' or 'Foot' depend on the location of internal organ that belongs to meridian. The name of Twelve Meridian is a kind of system formed to analyze the two concepts organically and dynamically. One is material internal organ and the other is immaterial meridian system.

生化를 이용한 香茶 開發 : Ⅱ. 생화비율이 향차의 향유지와 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향

조경숙,서정근,황인택 한국식물인간환경학회 2000 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.3 No.3

During the experiments of the green tea, which is mixed together with strong scent fresh flowers, to develop great tea products with a long fresh flower scent, we found that the fresh flower ratio has been affecting the change of the green tea's moisture contents. And we also found that the fresh flower ratio has been affecting the Organic Acid, the Fatty Acid, and the color gloss of the tea, after making aroma tea. In the process of making the aroma tea, if the fresh flower ratio increases, the moisture contents also increase during absorption. After making the aroma tea, if the fresh flower ratio increases, the tea's tannin and chlorophlly contents decrease. The most common acid found in the aroma tea is Oxalic acid, and Citric acid and Malic acid are next common acids. But one of the large differences between the two teas is that the content of the green tea's Citric acid was almost twice higher than the aroma tea, as 7.44. In Fatty acid, the aroma tea is mostly higher than the green tea. Unsaturated fatty acid seems to be high the Linolenic acid is the most common, and Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and Stearic acid are next common acids. If the fresh flower ratio increases, brightness, a value and a color tone are decrease and b value increases. So the aroma tea has a tendency of decreasing the color gloss.

PMF 모델을 이용한 대기 중 PM-10 오염원의 확인

황인조,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

The objective of this study was to extensively estimate the air quality trends of the study area by surveying concentration trends in months or seasons, after analyzing the mass concentration of PM-10 samples and the inorganic elements, ion, and total carbon in PM-10. Also, the study introduced to apply the PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization model that is useful when absence of the source profile. Thus the model was thought to be suitable in Korea that often has few information about pollution sources. After obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources at the study area were qualitatively identified. The PM-10 particles collected on quartz fiber filters by a PM-IO high-vol air sampler for 3 years (Mar. 1999~Dec. 2001) in Kyung Hee University. The 25 chemical species (AI, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Ce, Pb, Si, Na^(+), NH₄^(+), K^(+), Mg²^(+), Ca²^(+), CI^(-), N0₃^(-), SO₄^(2-), TC) were analyzed by ICP-AES, IC, and EA after executing proper pre-treatments of each sample filter. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM -10 aerosols, the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided source profiles (scaled F matrix). So, 11 sources were qualitatively identified, such as secondary aerosol related source, soil related source, waste incineration source, field burning source, fossil fuel combustion source, industry related source, motor vehicle source, oil/coal combustion source, non-ferrous metal source, and aged sea-salt source, respectively.

석유화학공업단지에서의 악취성 VOC/VIC의 농도조사

황인조,임득용,김동술 경희대학교 2003 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Concentrations of malodorous VOC (volatile organic compounds) and VIP (volatile inorganic compounds) is the atmosphere were measured is the Yeas petrochemical industry complex during August 4, 2003 ∼ August 8, 2003. The malodorous VOC/VICs were collected .y medlar .age and 2,4-DNPH cartridges. The 66 malodorous species of VOC/VICs including sulfur, aldehydes, ketoses, alkalis, alkeses, alkyds, naphmheses, and aromatics were analyzed .y GP/MSD, GC/FPD, and GC/NPD. The purpose of this study was to survey the concentration trends malodorous VAC and VIP in the petrochemical industrial complex, and to provide the basic information. which can estalish the effective strategy of odor pollution management and control. The obtained results showed that the average concentrations of malodorous VOC/VICs group is Yeosu industrial complex were 64.19 ppb in alkaline, 60.61 ppb in aldehydes, 47.79 ppb in ketones, 37.86 ppb in alkenes, and 9.88 ppb in aromatics, respectively. The concentrations of propane, ethylene and toluene, is particular, were high is all the sampling sites.