흰쥐에 對한 Phosphamidon 및 Endosulfan의 亞急性毒性에 關한 硏究

申鎭燮,崔承允,李昌業,崔仁厚 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

Subacute toxicity tests of phosphamidon and endosulfan were carried out to examine the adverse effects resulting from repeated daily oral administration of low dose levels (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg/day) to rats for 28 days. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Rats showed clinical signs of salivation hyperactivity, ataxia at 2mg/kg/day dosage of phosphamidon and, in addition, lachrymation, tremor, exophthalmus and diarrhea at the highest level. On the other hand, endosulfan caused only hyperactivity in rats treated with the highest dosage. There was no mortality at any dosage of either pesticide. 2. Rats gained significantly lower body weight, when treated at the 5mg/kg/day dose levels of phosphamidon and endosulfan, in comparison to normal, nontreated rats. 3. Plasma cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed at all levels of phosphamidon during the administration period, but returned to normal within 2 weeks after the last administration. Endosulfan did not change plasma cholinesterase activity at any levels. 4. Leukopenia was detected only in rats treated with phosphamidon at 5mg/kg/day level. No other adverse changes in hematology were observed in rats treated either with phosphamidon at lower levels or with endosulfan at any levels. 5. Cloudy swelling of liver was the only histological change in rats treated with phosphamidon or endosulfan at the highest level. No other histopathological change in rats treated with phosphamidon or endosulfan at the highest level. No other histopathological symptoms were found in spleen, heart, kidney, and bone marrow of rats treated. 6. It may be concluded from the results above that the "no effect level" is 1 mg/kg/day and 2 mg/kg/day for phosphamidon and endosulfan, respectively.

Overview of recent progress in 3D field physics in KSTAR

Park Gunyoung,In Yongkyoon,Park Jong-Kyu,Ko Won-Ha,Lee Jaehyun,Kim Minwoo,Shin Giwook,Hahn Sang-Hee,Kim SangKyeun,Yang Seong Moo,Hu Qiming,Rhee Tongnyeol,Choi Minjun J.,Kim Kimin,Lee Hyung-Ho,Jeon You 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.8

Various 3D field physics challenges of magnetically confined plasmas arise when the driving source comes from either externally applied non-axisymmetric 3D magnetic perturbations or plasma instabilities inside the plasma. Recently, several key outstanding topics of 3D field physics have been extensively studied in the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), such as edge-localized-mode (ELM) control by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP), error field (EF) control, 3D field effects on rotation and transport, and RMP-induced alteration of divertor heat flux and detachment. KSTAR has a few physically unique features (i.e., high rotation and long-pulse plasmas with a low intrinsic EF) and machine/diagnostic capabilities (i.e., 3-row in-vessel control coil and state-of-the-art 2D/3D imaging diagnostics), which have been taken advantage of until now to address critical 3D field physics issues relevant to ITER and K-DEMO. Among many remarkable achievements are the robust access to and control of n = 1 RMP ELM suppression, along with a development of its physics basis tools, parameter expansion, optimization, and long-pulse control techniques. Nonetheless, a series of unresolved 3D physics themes, as well as limited coverage of 3D field operating regimes, have also been identified as future works for the 3D field research in KSTAR. In this paper, we provide an overview about the recent progress of KSTAR 3D field physics and present future plans of KSTAR 3D research toward a future fusion reactor.

양파 정식시기별 서릿발 피해 방지 및 피해주 재이식 효과

권영석(Young-Seok Kwon),최인후(In-Hu Choi),김철우(Cheol-Woo Kim),최민선(Min-Seon Choi),곽정호(Jung-Ho Kwak),임용표(Yong-Pyo Lim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.4

In the year 2013, onions cultivation in Jeonnam province suffered by frost-pillar damage. To reveal the aspects of the cause and outbreak, we surveyed those damaged areas. Usually the frost-pillar damage occurred in February. But the outbreak aspect is so unforeseeable. In 2013, the damage was shown as 10.6% in onion fields including paddy fields, but no damage was noticed in 2014. The damage was noticed as 77.8% in paddy fields and 30.1% in upland. And, by the difference of the onion transplanting date, it occurred as 0.7% by the middle of November to the early of November, 22% by the middle of November and 69.0% by the early of December. If one performed the supplementary planting at 3<SUP>rd</SUP> week of February, the highest survival percent was observed as 53.3%. If the date is early, another frost-pillar damage was occurred. If it’s late, the damaged plant was perished with dry. In any case, we found improper transplanting caused the yield decrease. Therefore, we recommend the timely transplanting is the most important way for the prevention of frost-pillar damage in the onion cultivation.

Tetraspanin-2 promotes glucotoxic apoptosis by regulating the JNK/β-catenin signaling pathway in human pancreatic β cells

Hwang, In-Hu,Park, Junsoo,Kim, Jung Min,Kim, Seung Il,Choi, Jong-Soon,Lee, Kyung-Bok,Yun, Sung Ho,Lee, Min-Goo,Park, Soo Jung,Jang, Ik-Soon Federation of American Societies for Experimental 2016 The FASEB Journal Vol.30 No.9

<P>Diabetes mellitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which has β-cell dysfunction at its core. Glucotoxicity affects pancreatic islets, causing β-cell apoptosis. However, the role of JNK/β-catenin signaling in glucotoxic β-cell apoptosis is not well understood. Recently, we identified tetraspanin-2 (TSPAN2) protein as a proapoptotic β-cell factor induced by glucose, suggesting that TSPAN2 might contribute to pancreatic β-cell glucotoxicity. To investigate the effects of glucose concentration on TSPAN2 expression and apoptosis, we used reverted immortalized RNAKT-15 human pancreatic β cells. High TSPAN2 levels up-regulated phosphorylated (p) JNK and induced apoptosis. p-JNK enhanced the phosphorylation of β-catenin and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1). Dkk1 knockdown by small interfering (si)RNA up-regulated nuclear β-catenin, suggesting that it is a JNK/β-catenin-dependent pathway. siRNA-mediated TSPAN2 depletion in RNAKT-15 cells increased nuclear β-catenin. This decreased BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) activation, leading to marked protection against high glucose–induced apoptosis. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Thus, TSPAN2 might have induced Bax translocation and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic β cells, thereby promoting the apoptosis of RNAKT-15 cells by regulating the JNK/β-catenin pathway in response to high glucose concentrations. Targeting TSPAN2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat glucose toxicity-induced β-cell failure.—Hwang, I.-H., Park, J., Kim, J. M., Kim, S. I., Choi, J.-S., Lee, K.-B., Yun, S. H., Lee, M.-G., Park, S. J., Jang, I.-S. Tetraspanin-2 promotes glucotoxic apoptosis by regulating the JNK/β-catenin signaling pathway in human pancreatic β cells.</P>

남부지역에서 ‘남도’ 마늘 대립주아 파종시기 및 파종간격이 종구생산에 미치는 영향

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2005 원예과학기술지 Vol.23 No.3

‘'남도’마늘 대립주아 재배 시 파종시기 및 파종간격이 종구로 사용 가능한 인편 씨마늘 생산량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 난지형 마늘 재배지인 남부지역에서 0.5~0.7g 정도 크기의 대립주아를 재배할 경우 파종시기별 생육상황은 9월 15일과 25일 파종에서 초장이 77~79㎝, 엽수가 6매로 양호하였다. 마늘의 구경분포율은 9월 15일과 25일 파종이 대구 8.1%, 중구 23.3~26.1%로 10월 15일과 27일 파종에 비해 약간 높은 반면에 파종시기가 늦은 10월 15일과 27일 파종은 극소구율이 45.7~47.4%로 높았다. 종구로 사용 가능한 2.5g 이상의 인편 씨마늘 수는 9월 15일과 25일 파종에서 203~199개/m²로 많았다. 파종간격이 좁은 9×10㎝에서 마늘의 극소구율이 42.7%로 높았으며 구중은 18×10㎝의 17.8g에 비해 9×10㎝는 14.9g 정도였다. 종구로 사용 가능한 2.5g 이상의 인편 씨마늘 수는 9×10㎝에서 208개/m²로 많았다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of planting dates and planting densities using the large bulbils for seed clove production of garlic ‘Namdo’ in Southern regions. The bulbils, 0.5~0.7 g were planted in 15 and 25 September, and in 6, 15 and 27 October. Planting densities were 18×10, 15×10, 12×10, and 9×10 ㎝. Vegetative growth of garlic in field was significant among the planting dates. In the distribution of bulb diameter, those planted in mid- and late October produced higher percentage of small bulbs, 45.7~47.4%. Bulb weight and yield of garlic decreased at later planting dates. Number of seed clove of over 2.5 g were in September planting 203~199 cloves/㎡ than in October planting. Number of seed clove over 2.5 g was the highest at the planting densities 9×10 ㎝. Thus, in large bulbil cultivation, the suitable planting dates is in mid- or late September with density of 9×10 ㎝.

토양 환경 조건이 파 흑색썩음균핵병 발생에 미치는 영향

김용범(Yong-Bum Kim),최인후(In-Hu Choi),김철우(Cheol-Woo Kim),방진기(Jin-Ki Bang),김용기(Yong-Gi Kim) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라 서남부지방의 파 주산지에서 문제되고 있는 파 흑색썩음균핵병의 효과적인 방제를 위하여 병원균의 생리ㆍ생태를 구명코자 수행하였다. 흑색썩음균핵병 발아시기는 평균온도가 25℃ 최저온도 20℃ 내외인 8월 하순부터 토양온도가 20℃ 미만으로 떨어지는 9월 하순으로 판단되었고, 파 재배 주산지의 흑색썩음균핵병 최초 발병시기는 10월 하순이고, 11월 상순부터 익년 3월까지 점차 발병이 증가되었다. 사질토양 지역인 신안 임자도에서는 12월 이전에 흑색썩음균핵병이 발병되었으며 다른 주산지에서는 발병이 없었다. 또한 발병포장의 토양수분함량에 따른 발병률과의 관계를 조사한 결과 논 재배에서는 발병이 거의 없는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 본 실험이 수행되었던 시험포장은 사질 토양으로 자연강우나 스프링클러를 이용한 관수가 발병억제에 효과가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 피해주는 지상부의 엽 고사 정도가 높아 초장이 짧게 나타났고, 지하부 또한 건전주에 비해 뿌리 고사율이 47% 정도 높았다. 수확 후 토양 내 균핵의 분포를 조사한 결과 수직방향은 지표 10㎝ 이내에 97%, 수평방향은 기주로 부터 20㎝ 이내에 86%의 균핵이 분포한 것으로 나타났다. 흑색썩음균핵병 이병잔존물을 투입한 포장에서는 당년에 사양토사질토는 100%의 이병률을 보였고, 양토는 80%의 이병률을 보였으며, 다음해에는 57.6-78.7%로 이병률이 다소 감소되었으나 이병식물체의 재투입으로 인한 발병률은 높게 나타났다. This study was conducted to establish the effective strategy to control white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) of welsh onion in the main cultivation region at the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula, from 2003 to 2005. White rot was affected by environment factors such as temperature and relative humidity. White rot pathogen germinated and grew from the end of August in the low soil temperature (20℃) and at average temperature of 25℃ to the middle of September dropping the soil temperature below 20℃. Generation of white rot in welsh onion fields increasing infection area began from the late of October and widely spread from the early September to the early May of the following year. White rot in welsh onion fields increasing infection area began from the late October and widely spread from the early September to the early May in the following year. The Imjado with sandy soil area occurred in white rot before December, but other regions were not infected throughout the whole cultivation period. On the correlation of water content with disease infection, either rain or irrigation with sprinkler to welsh onion fields of dry condition was not effective, but in the rice fields the correlation were nearly not affected. Infected plants were short plant height caused by dried leaves, and 47% of the roots in the root stem were dead. After harvesting, the sclerotia of white rot pathogen was remained at 86% within 20 ㎝ depth from the host plants of soil in infected plants and at 97% within 10 ㎝ from vertical directions. Infected plants with the sclerotia to put in welsh onion farm that infected at 100% in sandy soil; the others were 80% in loam soil. However, the infected rate decreased to 57.6~78.7% in the following year. The high infected rate was caused by the remaining of the onion waste in the field after harvesting.

Dominant role of peroxiredoxin/JNK axis in stemness regulation during neurogenesis from embryonic stem cells.

Kim, Sun-Uk,Park, Young-Ho,Kim, Jin-Man,Sun, Hu-Nan,Song, In-Sung,Huang, Song Mei,Lee, Sang-Hee,Chae, Jung-Il,Hong, Su,Sik Choi, Sung,Choi, Seung-Cheol,Lee, Tae-Hoon,Kang, Sang Won,Rhee, Sue Goo,Chang AlphaMed Press 2014 Stem Cells Vol.32 No.4

<P>Redox balance has been suggested as an important determinant of 'stemness' in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxin (Prx) plays a pivotal role in maintenance of ESC stemness during neurogenesis through suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive signaling. During neurogenesis, Prx I and Oct4 are expressed in a mutually dependent manner and their expression is abruptly downregulated by an excess of ROS. Thus, in Prx I(-/-) or Prx II(-/-) ESCs, rapid loss of stemness can occur due to spontaneous ROS overload, leading to their active commitment into neurons; however, stemness is restored by the addition of an antioxidant or an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, Prx I and Prx II appear to have a tight association with the mechanism underlying the protection of ESC stemness in developing teratomas. These results suggest that Prx functions as a protector of ESC stemness by opposing ROS/JNK cascades during neurogenesis. Therefore, our findings have important implications for understanding of maintenance of ESC stemness through involvement of antioxidant enzymes and may lead to development of an alternative stem cell-based therapeutic strategy for production of high-quality neurons in large quantity.</P>

비가림과 밀식직파 재배가 양파의 채종량에 미치는 영향

권병선,이을태,최인후,오용비,정동희 順天大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

모구의 직파밀식재배가 양파의 채종량에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 시험하였던바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육형질로서 분얼수, 엽수, 초장, 개화율은 2월-3월 비닐하우스구나 3월 비닐하우스구에서 40x30㎝직파 밀식재식후 점적 관수재배 할때에 가장 양호하였다. 2. 채종량의 구성형질로서 화륜경, 화경당 소화수, 임실율은 2월-3월 비닐하우스구나 3월 비닐하우스 구에서 40x30㎝직파 밀식재배후 점적관수재배할때에 가장 양호하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the culture with trickle irrigation in catch in the rain with vinyl on the seed productivity of onion. Growth, number of tiller and leaves, plant height, leaf sheath length, flowering rate, diameter of flower wheel, number of little flower per flower stalk and fertilization rate are best in the case of the seed production under the culture with trickle irrigation and planting density of 40x30㎝ in transparent vinyl mulching house, catch. in the rain with vinyl from February to March and march, so it is found that it is appropriate to plant the onion mother bulb under the culture with trickle irrigation and planting density of 40x30㎝ in transparent vinyl mulching house, catch in the rain with vinyl from February to March in the southern areas of Korea.

Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts

Yang, Kyeong Eun,Jang, Hyun‐,Jin,Hwang, In‐,Hu,Chung, Young‐,Ho,Choi, Jong‐,Soon,Lee, Tae‐,Hoon,Chung, Yun‐,Jo,Lee, Min‐,Seung,Lee, Mi Young,Yeo, Eui‐,J BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 2016 AGING CELL Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Phenyl‐2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of the small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near‐senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of young HDFs with PPKO reduced the viability of young HDFs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and resulted in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence‐associated proteins, such as phosphorylated ERK1/2, caveolin‐1, p53, p16<SUP>ink4a</SUP>, and p21<SUP>waf1</SUP>, were elevated in PPKO‐treated cells. To monitor the effect of PPKO on cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. After PPKO treatment, ROS levels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxin II and glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced by PPKO treatment. SOD II levels increased gradually, whereas the SOD I and III levels were biphasic during the experimental periods after PPKO treatment. Cellular senescence induced by PPKO was suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N‐acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, and L‐buthionine‐(<I>S</I>,<I>R</I>)‐sulfoximine. Furthermore, PPKO increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in HDFs. In the presence of NOS inhibitors, such as L‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester and L‐NG‐monomethylarginine, PPKO‐induced transient NO production and SA‐β‐gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPKO induces cellular senescence in association with transient ROS and NO production and the subsequent induction of senescence‐associated proteins<B>.</B></P>

Paraconiothyrium minitans S134의 마늘흑색썩음균핵병에 대한 생물적 방제

이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ),최인후 ( In Hu Choi ),전용달 ( Yong Dal Chon ),김정준 ( Jeong Jun Kim ),한지희 ( Ji Hee Han ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Sclerotium cepivrum은 마늘과 같은 파속작물에 발생하는 흑색썩음균핵병의 병원균이다. 기생진균 Paraconiothyrium minitans S134 균주는 마늘 흑색썩음균핵병의 생물적 방제를 위하여 선발되었다. 포장실험은 태안에서 2011년 10월부터 2012년 6월까지 실시하였다. P. minitans S134 균주의 포자현탁액 (5 × 106ml)을 마늘 종구를 파종직후와 다음해 2월 하순에 주당 100 ml씩 각각 관주처리하여 6월 5일에 흑색썩음균핵병 발생 억제효과를 조사하였다. P, minitans S134 균주를 2회 관주처리구가 6.8%, 플루퀀 코나졸수화제 분의처리구가 0.4%, 무처리구가 19.5%의 흑색썩음균핵병이 발생하였다. 그러므로 P. minitans S134 균주는 마늘 흑색썩음균핵병에 대한 유망한 미생물농약으로서 가능성을 나타내었다. Sclerotium cepivorum is a causal agent of white rot disease on different plants including Allium species such as garlic. A mycoparasite, Paraconiothyrium minitans S134 was selected for biological control of sclerotinia rot of garlic caused by S. cepivorum. The experiment was carried out in a garlic field in Taean from October in 2011 to June in 2012. Spore suspension of the mycoparasite was treated twice onto soil surface around garlic plants in sowing in 2011 and late Feb. in 2012, and disease rating was made June in 2012, Incidence of white rot in the twice-application plot of the mycoparasite (5×106spores/mL) and in the fluquinconazole (WP)-treated plot was 6.8% and 0.4%, respectively, whereas that of control was 19.5%. As the results, P. minitans S134 could be a prospective biofungicide for biological control of white rot of garlic.