황구침법(黃丘鍼法)을 이용한 고혈압 환자의 혈압강하 효과에 대한 증례보고

한창현 ( Chang Hyun Han ),황치원 ( Chi Won Hwang ),신미숙 ( Min Suk Shin ),신선화 ( Seon Hwa Shin ),최선미 ( Sun Mi Choi ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture in hypertensive patients. Methods: We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of Brother from 25th November 2005 to 27th March 2006. We included the patients only in case of the systolic blood pressure was over 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 90mmHg, Twenty two patients were treated by Hwang-gu Acupuncture. In order to evaluate the effect of the Hwang-gu Acupuncture, the blood pressure was measured before and after Acupuncture procedure total 4 times, 10times. Results: There were a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure and significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure by Hwang-gu Acupuncture 4 times. The effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture by measurement time on blood pressure were follows: In a systolic blood pressure was gradually deceased significantly from 1st to 4th but diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after 2nd and 4th only. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwang-gu Acupuncture is effective in decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

다래 및 교잡종다래 꽃의 형태적 특성과 유연관계

황석인(Suk-In Hwang),장용석(Yong-Seok Jang),김만조(Mahn-Jo Kim),김세현(Sea-Hyun Kim),박영기(Youngki Park) 한국양봉학회 2010 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

To examine the taxonomic relationships among 6 cultivars by 14 flower morphological characters, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. In this study, we analyzed the flower morphological characteristics of three new hadry kiwi (Actinidia arguta) cultivars and three new hybrid kiwi (A. arguta×A. deliciosa) cultivars to investigate the species classification and the potential for using honey plants. As result of principal component (PC) analysis using 14 variables from 6 cultivars, eigen value of the first principal component was 8.9054 and the first two PCs was accountable for 74.00% of the total variance. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the color of width of inflorescence, color of petal a, length of pedicel and no. of stamen. From the cluster analysis using UPGMA method, we can assumed that six cultivars could be clustered into two groups. Group Ⅰ comprises three A. aruguta, Sea-Han, and Dea-Sung, Chil-Bo, and the other one, Group Ⅱ consists of three hybrid kiwi, Dea-Myng, Hwang-Oak, and Ja-Wang.

개선된 n-항목 연관 규칙 알고리즘 연구

황현숙,어윤양 한국경영과학회 2002 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The transaction tables of the existing association algorithms have two column attributes: It is composed of transaction identifier (Transaction_id) and an item identifier (item). In this kind of structure, as the volume of data becomes larger, the performances for the SQL query statements came applicable decreases. Therefore, we propose advanced association rules algorithm of n-items which can transact multiple items (Transaction_id, Item 1, Item 2, ... , Item n). In this structure, performance hours can be contracted more than the single item structures, because count can be computed by query of the input transaction tables. Our experimental results indicate that performance of the n item structure is up 2 items better than the single item. As a result, the proposed algorithm can be applied to internet shopping, searching engine and etc.

肉類資源의 開發을 위한 雜肉의 處理 및 加工에 관한 硏究

黃七星,韓錫絃,崔炳圭 건국대학교 1977 學術誌 Vol.21 No.2

This experiments were carried out to study on the effect of the processing and manufacture far cultivating meat resources. The only Korean native goats and rabbits were slaughtered and the hue weight, carcass and percentages of the various organs were measured to determined the edible meat productivity. Pork, Korean native goat meat and rabbit meat sausages were made in general process and each samples of treatment lots were analyzed on the chemical compositions by routine analysis. The experimental samples ware instituted in three groups of pork. Korean native goat meat, and rabbit meat sausage and for 50days of complete preservation stages were divided to 10 parts on a fixed date at regular intervals of 10 days in a refrigerator at 4-5℃ Temperature, Each samples were examined on the tenderness, moistureness, PH. value. On the other hand, just each samples were carried out too microbiogical investigation at regular intervals of 10days. The results obtained by these studies were summarized as follows. 1 The average live weight of Korean native male goat of 22.6kg showed average dressing percentage 40.23 percent and edible meat percent 58.74 percent 2 The dressing percent of rabbit was 49.15% on the average live weight (1976.32g) of male rabbits and 49.82% on the average live weight (1928.82g) of female rabbits and total edible meat percentage was 55.25% irrespectively of sex. 3 As to the major chemical composition of longis nimus dorisi muscle, crude protein was determined at 18.40 percent of pork, 23.57 percent of rabbit meat and 23.39 percent of Korean native goat meat, but on that the day after processing were decreased at level 12.51 percent of pork sausage, 14.98 percent of rabbit meat sausage and 14.75 percent of Korean native goat sausage samples. Penetration-t values on the results of the tenderness test had no significant range statistically of 5 percent level in the each treatment lots and of course on the all preservation stage samples. 5 The breadth of PH change from immediately after sausage processing to binal preservation stage were Korean native goat meat PH 6.24-6.42, Pork PH 6.40-0.43 and rabbit meat sausage PH 6.28-6.52. 6 Change of PH and moistureness was positive correlation and recognized regression equation y 53.29 2.0595x of Korean native goat, y 49,94 22.7373x of pork and y 53.94 0.2821 of rabbit meat sausage but no significant statistically of 5 percent level at t-test. 7 Result of microbiological investigation from immediately after sausage processing to final preservation stage were counted 1.4 10 4.1 10 of pork, 1.1 10 2.5 10 of Korean native goat, and 1.6 10 4.8 10 numbers of rabbit meat sausage samples. 8 The number of psychrophilic bacterial showed a tendency of increase accompany progress of a preservation and 2.0 10 7.2 10 of pork, 6.7-10 4.6 10 of Korean native goat and 7.0 10 7.7 10 numbers of rabbit meat sausage samples. 9 Z. Coli bacteria were not counted wholly through all preservation periods.

이산화탄소수소화 및 MTO반응을 이용한 탄화수소 직접합성에 관한 연구

황종현,서은철,정석진 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1999 자연과학논문집 Vol.5 No.-

지구온난화 현상의 주 원인 물질로 알려진 이산화탄소를 저감 또는 재활용하는 방안으로 촉매화학적 전환방법이 가장 경제적 타당성이 있는 기술로 평가되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이산화탄소의 수소화 반응을 통한 methanol합성과 methanol로부터 olefin을 생성시키는 MTO공정의 연계를 통하여 CO_(2)로부터 olefin을 직접제조하고자 하였다. 메탄을 합성용 촉매로 주로 사용되고 있는 구리계 촉매를 대상으로 촉매 제조변수에 따른 메탄을 합성반응의 활성특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며, MTO반응에 있어서 최적 촉매계의 선정 및 공정변수에 따른 전환반응의 활성양상을 검토하였다. 또한 메탄올합성반응과 MTO공정의 연계효과와 hybrid 촉매 상에서 1-bed와 2-bed의 활성결과를 상호 비교하였다. The catalytic fixation of CO_(2) has attracted much attention as one of the most promising methods to mitigate global warming effect. Therefore, we wanted to produce directly hydrocarbons by connection CO_(2) hydrogenation with methanol to olefin(MTO) reaction. With copper based catalyst used for hydrogenation of CO_(2), we studied on the activity of methanol synthesis reaction by preparation method and tried to select optimal catalyst system and the activity aspect by process variation is consulted for the MTO reaction. In addition, direct synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO_(2) hydrogenation and MTO rxn. over hybrid catalyst consists of methanol synthesis catalyst(CuO/ZnO/Al2O3) and zeolite(ZSM-5) were investigated.

內部會計管理制度의 導入에 관한 硏究

황윤식,김석현,박정숙 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 2006 經營論叢 Vol.27 No.-

The United States Government established Sarbanes- Oxley Act in July 2002 because of the accounting fraud of Enron and Worldcom. The PCAOB(Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) published Auditing Standard No. 2 covering the auditor' s reporting on the ICFR(Intemal Control over Financial Reporting) in March 2004. These regulations were established on the basis of COSO framework. The accounting reform regulations have been introduced for accounting transparency in the aftermath of the foreign exchange crisis in late 1997 in Korea. The Korean Government established the Management’s Assessment Standards for the ICFR and the Accountant’s Review and Reporting Standards for the ICFR in June 2005. The purpose of this study is to find problems and provide future directions to improve the ICFR in Korea by making a comparison between the United State ICFR and the Korea ICFR. And these results of this study are expected to provide useful information regarding the introduction of ICFR in Korea.

부정교합 분류에 따른 두경부 위치의 두부방사선 계측학적 연구

황충주,김석현,길재경 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.2

두경부 자세는 생리적 활동의 기능적 요구에 의해 영향을 받으며 두개 안면 골격의 형태학적 발육에 직접 혹은 간접으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 대부분의 연구에서 안모형태와 설골의 위치, 두경부 자세는 서로 매우 높은 상관 관계를 나타내며, 특히 하악골의 전후방 위치가 두경부 자세와 가장 큰 상관 관계를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이와같은 연구에서는 대부분 연구대상을 Natural Head Position(NHP)으로 유도하였으며 여러 연구자들에 의해 NHP의 재현성이 매우 높다고 알려져 있으나, 교정환자를 위해 통법의 두부방사선 사진을 찍은 경우에는 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지에 대해선 연구가 적은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 안모 유형의 성인 여자 환자를 대상으로 수직 기준선을 나타내는 수직선 추를 이용하여 통법에 따라 채득한 치료전 측모 두부방사선 사진을 이용하여 Wits와 ANB을 기준으로 골격성 부정교합군을 I, II, III로 분류하였으며 각 군별 20명씩 선택하여 두경부 위치와 설골 위치의 부정교합 분류에 따른 상관성 여부를 알아보아 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 두개저에 대한 설골의 수직적 위치 비교시 Cl II에 비해 Cl III에서 설골이 더 하방 위치하였다. 2. 경추에 대한 설골의 전후방 위치 비교시 Cl II에 비해 Cl III에서 더 전방 위치 하였다. 3. 하악에 대한 설골의 수직적 위치는 Cl I, II, III 간에 통계학적 유의차가 없었다. 4. 악골의 전후방 관계를 나타내는 ANB, Wits와 설골의 위치 사이에는 통계학적 상관관계를 관찰할 수 없었다. 5. Cl II에서 나타나는 상대적인 두부 신전(extension)은 Bjork Sum, ANB와 역상관계를 나타냈다. 6. Cl II와 Cl III에서 Post to Ant Facial Height과 NSL/VER은 수상관관계를 나타냈다. It has been known that head posture may influence directly and/or indirectly the growth and development of craniofacial morphology and can also be influenced by the functional demand of physiologic activity. It was reported that facial morphology has close relationships with hyoid bone position and head posture. In many previous studies, Natural Head Posture(NHP) was guided, and also it was shown that NHP has high degree of reproducibility. Otherwise, There was few study about the relationship of head posture, with routine cephalometric film which is used for clinical orthodontic purpose. In this study according to the Wits and ANB of initial cephalometric film which was taken with vertical pendulum as representative of true vertical reference line. We classified the subjects which is comprised of 60 adult female patients into Class I, II, III (Cl I, II, III)and we tried to find out the correlation of head posture and hyoid bone position according to the classification of malocclusion. As a result of our research, we found the followings. 1. In comparison of vertical position of hyoid bone relative to the cranial base the position of hyoid bone of Cl III was lower than that of Cl II. 2. In comparison of anteriorposterior position of hyoid bone, relative to the cervical column. The position of hyoid bone of Cl III was more anterior than that of Cl II. 3. In comparison of vertical position of hyoid bone relative to mandible. There was no significant correlation among the groups of malocclusion. 4. ANB and Wits showed no significant correlation with hyoid bone position. 5. The relative extension of head, which was noted in Cl II, showed negative with Sum, ANB. 6. In Cl II and Cl III, Post to Ant facial height showed positive correlation with NSL/VER.

Profile^(Ⓡ), ProTaper™ 및 K^(3TM) Ni-Ti파일의 과기구 조작이 치근단공 변위에 미치는 영향

양현,양인석,황윤찬,황인남,윤숙자,김원재,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 ProFile, ProTaper 및 K^(3)를 이용하여 과잉 기구 조작에 의해 근관 성형 시 근관의 만곡형태와 Ni-Ti 파일의 종류에 따라 치근단공이 어떻게 변위 되는지를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. 본 실험에서는 레진모형근관으로 J자와 S자의 근관 형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOC을 사용하였다. 근관 성형 기구로는 ProFile^(®), ProTaper™, K^(3TM)를 사용하였다. 총 60개의 레진모형근관을 사용하였으며, 사용된 레진모형근관 및 Ni-Ti 파일의 종류에 따라 10개씩 6개의 군으로 나누어 근관성형을 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전·후 이미지를 Image-analyzing microscope 100X를 이용하여 얻고 Photoshop 7.0 프로그램을 이용하여 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 근관 성형 전·후 치근단공의 중심으로부터의 직경 변화량과 면적을 측정한 결과 만곡된 근관의 성형시 치근단공이 주로 만곡의 외측으로 변위됨을 나타내며 ProFile이 ProTaper나 K^(3) 보다 통계적으로 유의성이 있게 작은 변화량을 나타내어 근관성형시 바람직한 기구임을 시사한다. This study was done to evaluate transportation of the apical foramen after 0.5 mm overinstrumentation by ProFile, ProTaper and K^(3) in simulated resin root canal. Sixty simulated resin root canal with a curvature of J and S-shape were divided into two groups. Each group consisted of three subgroups with 10 blocks according to the instruments used: ProFile^(®), ProTaper™, and K^(3TM). Simulated resin root canal was prepared by ProFile, ProTaper and K^(3) with 300 rpm by the crown-down preparation technique. Pre- and post-instrumentation apical foramen images were overlapped and recorded with Image-analyzing microscope 100X (Camcope, Sometech Inc, Korea). The amounts of difference in width and dimension on overlapped images were measured after reference points were determined by Image Analysis program (Image-Pro^(®) Express, Media Cybernetic, USA). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test. The results suggest that ProFile showed significantly less canal transportation and maintained original apical foramen shape better than K^(3) and ProTaper.

한국과 베트남 사람들의 정서 체험

김지현,판후옹,황석현,민경환 서울大學校 社會科學大學 心理科學硏究所 1997 心理科學 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 한국과 베트남 사람들의 정서 체험에 관한 연구이다. 정서의 보편성과 문화적 변산성에 관한 이론적 연구를 위한 자료를 수집하기 위한 목적으로, 사람들이 다양한 정서 상태들을 경험할 때 느끼는 생리적 반응, 언어적 표현, 행동 반응, 주관적 느낌 및 그러한 정서를 유발하는 상황에 초점을 두어 베트남 사람들과 한국 사람들의 정서 체험 내용의 공통점과 차이점을 알아보았다. 베트남에서는 국립 베트남 대학교와 국립 호치민 대학교에 재학중인 215명이 본 연구에 참여하였고, 한국에서는 60명의 국립 서울대학교 학부생들이 참가하였다. 기쁨, 슬픔, 공포, 분노의 네 가지 정서가 정서 체험에 관한 자기-보고 질문지를 사용하여 연구되었다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특정한 정서를 유발하는 원인이 되는 선행 사건들의 보편성을 밝혔다. 다음으로, 다양한 정서를 체험할 때 나타나는 반응들의 패턴에 있어서 문화간 변산성이 나타남을 확인하였다. 세 번째로 여성과 남성의 정서 체험의 내용에서 몇 가지 흥미로운 차이점들이 발견되었다. 마지막으로 후속 연구를 위한 시사점들이 논의되었다. The emotional experiences of Koreans and Vietnamese were studied. In order to collect the data for the purpose of conducting a theoretical study on universality of emotions and cultural variations, the similarities and differences in the various aspects of emotional experiences of Koreans and Vietnamese were examined, which included physiological responses, verbal expressions, behavioral patterns, subjective feelings, and the antecedent events that were the causes of the emotional experiences. 215 Vietnamese undergraduates from Vietnam National University and Ho Chi Min University and 60 Korean undergraduates from Seoul National University participated in this study. Using a self-report form, emotional experiences of joy, sadness, fear, and anger were examined. As the result, universality of antecedent events for specific emotions was confirmed. Cultural variations in the emotional response patterns were confirmed as well. Finally, some interesting sex differences in emotional experiences were found. Implications and suggestions for the future study were discussed.

食品添加物이 Custard 製造 및 全卵의 加熱에 미치는 影響

韓錫鉉,黃七星,裵台鉉 건국대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

In this work, various components of custard were studied to determine the effects of stirring on heat coagulation when manufactured by whole egg custard (1), egg white custard (2) and egg yolk custard (3) in the ratio of 244 g of milk, 48g egg, 25g sugar. Nine lots from three kinds of custard were designed and stirring treatment was used for all lots; lotA, lotB, and lotC from each custard treated by method of blending (r.p.m; 900) for 5 seconds, 1 minute, and 3 minutes respectively. Sensual test, density of coagulation, shrinkage etc, were discussed. On the other experiment, another 9 lots of custard including control lot were prepared to estimate the theological transformation of heat coagulation in case of adding general annexes of food to the whole egg liquid; control lot was composed of whole egg 100ml only, distilled water 5% (T1), sugar 5g (T2) salt 5g (T3), soyhean oil 5% (T4), wheat meal 5g (T5), milk 5% (T6), monosodium glutamate 0.5g (T7), vinegar 5% (T8) was added to whole egg 100ml of each treatment lot respectively. All the samples were cooked by heating at the temperature of 85 ± 1℃. They were followed by sensual test and observation of penetration value, shrinkage, pH etc. The results obtained in this study were as follows ; 1. In sensual test, whole egg and egg yolk custard was favorable but egg white custard was not. 2. The treatment lot blending fur one minute was superior in relation to any other lots. 3. The extent of shrinkage of custard was increased according to the increase of stirring period. 4. The more the custard was agitated, the darker its color was changed. 5. The analysis of variance on the penetration value to estimate the rheological transformation of heat coagulation by adding annexes of food to egg showed highly significant of 1 % level (p > 0.01). 6. As a result of L.S.D. test among average values of each treatment, there were significant differences only in T8: T5, T6, T3, T7, T4, C, and T2, and T1: T5, T6, and T5: T7, T4, T2, C. 7. In effect of annexes of flood on heat coagulation of egg, the tenderness of custard was in the rank of T8>T1>T2>C>T4>T7> T3>T6> T5. In comparison with control, vinegar distilled water and sugar was appeared as deterrent and soybean oil, mono-sodium glutamate, salt, milk and wheat meal speeded up coagulation. 8. High significant was indicated by 1% level (p>0.01) in impact of food additives on shrinkage. Sugar used in T2 made the greatest influence on shrinkage (3.52%) and milk used in T6, the least. (0.5%) 9. T2 with sugar and T6 with milk was equally on the highest score 54; and T3 with salt of 43, T1, T7 C let was similarly 40, 39, 38, respectively. T4 and T5 lot were the same score of 35, T8 with vinegar was the worst as the score of 31. 10. pH value of custard with various flood additives was in the constant state of neutrality before heating except a lot with vinegar (pH 5.4) but after heating all the lots of neutrality were changed toward alkali. (pH 7.8 ∼ 8.5). On the other hand, the lot treated with vinegar, which had been acidity before heating, toward neutrality (pH 6.8). 11. There was a general tendency of being more comfact hardness in an external appearance as the pH value was raised upward alkali.