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Hypoallergenic and Physicochemical Properties of the A2 β-Casein Fraction of Goat Milk
Tae-Hwan Jung,Hyo-Jeong Hwang,Sung-Seob Yun,Won-Jae Lee,Jin-Wook Kim,Ji-Yun Ahn,Woo-Min Jeon,Kyoung-Sik Han2.6* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6
Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 β-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 β-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at 25°C). Selective reduction of β- lactoglobulin and αs-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 β-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 β-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 β-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 β-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 β-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 β-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.
유한구(Han Ku Ryu),장성모(Sung Mo Chang),송광용(Kwang Yong Song),조주연(Joo Yun Cho),이학주(Hak Ju Lee) 한국초등교육학회 1997 초등교육연구 Vol.11 No.1
이 연구는 교과교육과 교과교육학의관계, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계등을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 하여 초등학교 교과교육과 교육대학 교과교육학 교육의 실제를 정확히 이해하고 그 발전 방향을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 일반적으로, 교과교육학은 교육학에서 제시하고 있는 교육과정의 구성및 교육방법상의 일반 원리를 교과교육이라는 특수한 사태에 적용하는 과정에 관심을 두는 이론으로 간주되고 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교육학의 일반적 원리에 따라 교과교육이라는 특수한 맥락에 처방을 내리기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 이 관점을 교과와 그것을 가르치는 교사의 삶을 사실상 별개의 것으로 분리하는 것이며, 그와 동일한 이유에서 교과교육학과 교과교육학자의 삶 또한 별개의 것임을 전제하는 것이다. 그러나 교과교육과 교과교육학, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계는 이론에서 실제로 나아가는 앞의 방향과는 정반대 방향에서도 이해될 수 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교과교육 실제에 처방을 내리기 위한 것이 아니라 그 실제를 기술하고 정당화하기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 교과교육과 교과교육학의 관련이 이렇게 파악될 때, 교과 교육학은 교사나 교과교육학자에게 자신이 지금 하는 일이 자신의 삶과 결코 무관한 것이 아니라는 믿음을 심어 주게 되며, 나아가 그들 자신이 참여하고 있는 초등학교나 교육대학의 교육실제를 기술하거나 정당화하려고 할 때 반드시 필요한 개념적 도구를 제공해 줄 수 있게 된다. 바로 여기에 교과교육학에 관한 종래의 접근과는 구분되는 새로운 접근방식이 요구되는 이유가 있다. The purpose of this study is threefold: The first is to analyse the relations between subject education and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy. The second is, based on the analysis result, to have the precise understanding of teaching various subjects in the elementary school, and of teaching subject pedagogy in the university of education. The third is to search for the desirable direction of developing the elementary education and the teacher education. Subject pedagogy is usually defined as a theory which is interested in the process of applying pedagogical principles regarding curriculum organization and teaching methods to specific teaching situations, that is, subject education situations. However, this definition has a limitation, because it assumes that a subject and the teacher's life who teaches the subject are separated from each other, and that subject pedagogy and the scholar who studies subject pedagogy are also separated. The relationship between subject teaching and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy can be understood with quite different viewpoint. This new viewpoint, which is the major discussion matter of this study, assumes that subject pedagogy is never separated from the life of subject teacher/subject pedagogist. This viewpoint will reveal the theoretical features of subject pedagogy better, and give us new meaning on the life of teachers/subject pedagogists. The subject pedagogy in the correct sense should provide teachers/pedagogists with the conceptual instrument based on the new viewpoint. This conceptual instrument will make teachers/pedagogists be able to describe, explain, and validate their own educational practice-such as the content structure of each subject-in the elementary school or the university of education.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Etoposide, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin(ELF) in Gastric Cancer
Han Jo Kim,Yong Kwan Lee,Yun Seok Jung,Hyun Jung Kim,Sang Cheol Lee,Sang Byung Bae,Chan Kyu Kim,Nam Su Lee,Kyu Taeg Lee,Sung Kyu Park,Jong Ho Won,Dae Sik Hong,Hee Sook Park 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1
Background: Gastric cancer is one of a major health problem and leading cause of cancer mortality despite worldwide decline in incidence. Surgical resection is the only treatment modality of proven effectiveness. Many phase III trials of adjuvant therapy have been conducted, however postoperative treatment modalities have not proven to be superior to postsurgical observation alone. We evaluated the effect of etoposide, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil(ELF) regimen on the prevention of relapse and survival benefit after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Material and Methods: Our study is retrospective, non-randomized study without controlled group. Between March 1998 and January 2005, 41 patients with completely resected gastric cancer received six courses of ELF chemotherapy of 4 weeks cycle. Endpoints were toxicities of treatment, overall survival, disease free survival. Results: Fourty one patients were entered into the trial. According to American Joint Comittee for Cancer screening(AJCC) TNM stage, 5 cases were in stage IB, 14 II, 13 IIIA, 5 IIIB, respectively and 4 cases were in stage IV without distant metastasis. With a median follow-up time of 40.3 months, 4-years overall survival and disease free survival was 68%, 63.7%, respectively. Severe neutropenia was observed in 19.5%, anemia was 2.4%, and thrombocytopenia was 2.4%. Severe nausea and vomiting was observed in 7.3%, but diarrhea, mucositis, alopecia, convulsion, edema and therapy related death was not observed. Conclusions : The ELF adjuvant chemotherapy may be effective for resectable gastric cancer with minimal toxicities, but randomized multicenter controlled phase III study is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
( Sung Hoon Choi ),( Hye Won Shin ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Ji Young Yoo ),( Do Young Kim ),( Weon Sang Ro ),( Chae Ok Yun ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.3
Background/Aims: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a central transcriptional factor involved in the cellular responses related to various aspects of cancer biology, including proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, and the metabolism of the extracellular matrix in hypoxia. This study evaluated whether adenovirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against HIF-1α (shHIF-1α) inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods: Knockdown of HIF-1α expression was constructed by adenovirus-mediated RNA interference tools, and HCC cell lines infected with shHIF-1α coding virus were cultured under a hypoxia condition (1% O2) for 24 hours. Following infection, the expression levels of HIF-1α, angiogenesis factors, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were examined using Western blotting. Cell proliferation and angiogenesis were measured by a cell proliferation assay (MTT assay) and an angiogenesis-related assay (invasion and tube-formation assay), respectively. Results: Adenovirus mediated inhibition of HIF-1α induced suppression of tumor growth in HCC cell lines. It also down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis factor and MMP proteins. Angiogenesis as well as mobility of vascular cells to tumor was suppressed by adenovirus-mediated shHIF-1α-infected groups in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Conclusions: These data suggest that adenovirus-mediated inhibition of HIF-1α inhibits the invasion, tube formation, and cell growth in HUVECs and HCC cells. (Korean J Hepatol 2010;16:280-287)
Han, Sang Keun,Kim, Yun Gi,Kang, Hee Cheol,Huh, Jeong Ran,Kim, Ji Yeoung,Baek, Nam-In,Lee, Dong-Kyu,Lee, Dong-Geol The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.6
Natural products with non-toxic and environmentally friendly properties are good sources for skin-whitening and brightening cosmetic agents. Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa), and their parts are used as cosmetic agents, because they contain high levels of bioactive substances. We isolated and identified compounds from F. ananassa calyx. Oleanolic acid has multiple biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, no study has investigated the influence of oleanolic acid on melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of oleanolic acid on melanin biosynthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH). Oleanolic acid-mediated melanogenesis inhibition was studied by measuring intracellular and secreted melanin levels and by using Western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses. Oleanolic acid suppressed melanin release and expression, resulting in a significant dose-dependent decrease in secreted and intracellular melanin levels and cellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, it inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-associated factors, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins-1 and -2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated B16-F10 melanoma cells. The results of the present study can contribute to the development of cosmetic agents utilizing the skin whitening and brightening effect of oleanolic acid, which will likely have a wide range of applications in the cosmetic industry and/or clinical practice in the future.
Sex Based Analysis of Outcome in Patients with Primary Coronary Intervention
( Yun Kyeong Cho ),( Chang Wook Nam ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( Kwon Bae Kim ),( Min Jung Kim ),( Chang Wook Park ),( Young Soo Lee ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Seong Wook Han ),( Kee Sik Kim ),( Yoon Nyun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2004 No.1
Han, Sang Yun,Kim, Hwan Jin,Ha, Tae Kyung Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1
We report the construction of a MALDI imaging mass spectrometer equipped with a specially designed laser focusing lens, a compact aspherical singlet lens, that obtains a high-lateral imaging resolution in the microprobe mode. The lens is specially designed to focus the ionization laser (${\lambda}$ = 355 nm) down to a $1{\mu}m$ diameter with a long working distance of 34.5 mm. With the lens being perpendicular to the sample surface and sharing the optical axis with the ion path, the imaging mass spectrometer achieved an imaging resolution of as good as $5{\mu}m$ along with a high detection sensitivity of 100 fmol for peptides. The mass resolution was about 900 (m/${\Delta}m$) in the linear TOF mode. The high-resolution capability of this instrument will provide a new research opportunity for label-free imaging studies of various samples including tissues and biochips, even for the study at a single cell level in the future.