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Chi, Han-Kyu,Hwang, Moon-Sang,Yoo, Byoung-Joo,Choe, Won-Jun,Kim, Tae-Ho,Moon, Yong-Sam,Jeong, Deog-Kyoon The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.2
This paper describes a reset-free delay-locked loop (DLL) for a memory controller application, with the aid of a hysteresis coarse lock detector. The coarse lock loop in the proposed DLL adjusts the delay between input and output clock within the pull-in range of the main loop phase detector. In addition, it monitors the main loop's lock status by dividing the input clock and counting its multiphase edges. Moreover, by using hysteresis, it controls the coarse lock range, thus reduces jitter. The proposed DLL neither suffers from harmonic lock and stuck problems nor needs an external reset or start-up signal. In a 0.13-${\mu}m$ CMOS process, post-layout simulation demonstrates that, even with a switching supply noise, the peak-to-peak jitter is less than 30 ps over the operating range of 500-1200 MHz. It occupies 0.04 $mm^2$ and dissipates 16.6 mW at 1.2 GHz.
Expression Pattern of the PML/RARαFusion Gene in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Han, Chi Hwa,Lee, Jong Wook,Jin, Jong Youl,Kim, Dong Wook,Kim, Dong Jip,Kim, Chun Choo,Yang, Il Ho,Park, Chong Won,Kim, Hack Ki,Min, Woo Sung,Kim, Won Il CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1994 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.22 No.2
The molecular characterization of the translocations involved in hematopoietic tumors has advanced our understanding of neoplastic transformation. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; AML M3) is identified by a unique t (15; 17) translocation which fuses the PML gene to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARα) and a consistent translocation is present in the blasts of the majority of APL patients. The t (15; 17) translocation generates a PML/RARα chimeric gene that is transcribed as a fusion PML/RARα messenger. RNA. The detection of the PML/RARα rearrangements involved in APL has not only provided pathogenetic marker but also permitted more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the patient's response to therapy. Reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) has been used to develop a diagnostic test for APt based on the PML/RARα fusion message. Using primer sets derived from RARα and PML cDNAS, we were able to amplify the breakpoint sites of the fusion transcripts of all 20 APL RNA samples by RT/PCR and multiple nested primer sets approach of two rounds of amplification. DNA fragments of different size were obtained according to the chromosome 15 breakpoints. The results are as follows: 1. The present investigation shows that multiple chromosome 15 (PML) and 17 (RARα) derived nested primer sets allow the translocation breakpoints to be identified in all APL patients. 2. Breakpoint cluster regions are more than 3 sites. The incidence of bcr 1, bcr 2, bcr 3, and bcr 4 was 25%, 15%, 30%, and 30% respectively, which is different from the other reports. 3. New breakpoint cluster region is identified as bcr 4. bcr 4 breakpoint occured in PML gene intron 4 which was not reported in other papers. The incidence of bcr 4 is relatively higher than other breakpoints in our study, and furthur studies including nucleotide sequencing ananlysis should be followed. 4. The feasibility of monitoring of the response to therapy by PCR analysis in three APL patients, one of them had allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and two received chemotherapy, was evaluated in complete remission state. PML/RARα positive cells could be detected by RT/PCR analysis in post chemotherapy remission state, but there are no PML/RARα positive cells in bone marrow transplantation case. We conclude that the PML/RARα express at least three types of PML/RARα messenger RNA, and more studies are needed about the newly observed bcr 4 breakpoint found in PML intron 4. The amplification of the PML/RARα junctions can be used for the easiest and rapid method for the diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic effectiveness of the APL.
Han-Kyu Chi,Moon-Sang Hwang,Byoung-Joo Yoo,Won-Jun Choe,Tae-Ho Kim,Yongsam Moon,Deog-Kyoon Jeong 대한전자공학회 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.2
This paper describes a reset-free delaylocked loop (DLL) for a memory controller application, with the aid of a hysteresis coarse lock detector. The coarse lock loop in the proposed DLL adjusts the delay between input and output clock within the pull-in range of the main loop phase detector. In addition, it monitors the main loop’s lock status by dividing the input clock and counting its multiphase edges. Moreover, by using hysteresis, it controls the coarse lock range, thus reduces jitter. The proposed DLL neither suffers from harmonic lock and stuck problems nor needs an external reset or start-up signal. In a 0.13-㎛ CMOS process, postlayout simulation demonstrates that, even with a switching supply noise, the peak-to-peak jitter is less than 30 ps over the operating range of 500-1200 ㎒. It occupies 0.04 ㎟ and dissipates 16.6 ㎽ at 1.2 ㎓.
Scavenging Effect of Several Distilled Herbal Acupunctures on Nitric Oxide
Han, Sang Won,Leem, Kang Hyun,Youn, Hyoun Min,Jang, Kyung Jeon,Song, Choon Ho,Ahn, Chang Beohm,Kim, Ee Hwa,Chi, Gyoo Yong,Eom, Hyun Sup,Seo, Jung Chul 대한동의생리학회,대한동의병리학회 2001 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.15 No.6
From many years ago, traditional doctors have been used the herbal acupuncture therapy. It is widely used to relieve pain and to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout. Recently, many scientists have found out that nitric oxide(NO) playsan important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, immune diseases, and pain. Subsequently we planned this study to evaluate NO scavenging effects of several herbal acupunctures using NO donor, s-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine(SNAP). Stagnation of the liver Ki(energy)(肝氣??結), pain of shoulder and arm(肩臂痛), pain of knee(膝痛), warm stagnated blood(溫性瘀血), arthritis due to cold (寒痺), deficiency of Yin of the kidneys (腎陰虛), Jianjing(肩井), anti-inflammation(消炎), deficiency of Yang of the kidneys(腎陽虛), middle stagnated blood(中性瘀血), and arthritis due to wind, cold and dampness(風寒??痺) were used in the experiment. The results were as follows: All above herbal acupunctures showed NO scavenging effect. Especially, pain of shoulder and arm(肩臂痛) and warm stagnated blood(溫性瘀血) were more NO scavenging effect than vitamin C. This results might provide a fundamental data on the therapeutic effects of the herbal acupuncture for NO-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout, and could, in part, explain the mechanism of Oriental pathology.
Han, Chi-Hwan,Lee, Hak-Soo,Lee, Kyung-Won,Han, Sang-Do,Singh, Ishwar Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.1
$TiO_2$ doped with $Er^{3+\;and\;Yb^{3+}$ was used for fabricating a scattering layer and a nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ electrode layer to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. The material was prepared using a new sol-gel combustion hybrid method with acetylene black as fuel. The $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide powder synthesized at 700oC had embossed structure morphology with a size between 27 to 54 nm that agglomerated to produce micron size particles, as observed by the scanning electron micrographs. The XRD patterns showed that the $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide had an amorphous structure, while using the same method without doping $Er^{3+}\;or\;Yb^{3+},\;TiO_2$ was obtained in the crystallite form with thea dominance of rutile phase. Fabricating a bilayer structure consisting of nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ and the synthesized $Er^{3+}$-$Yb^{3+}$ co-doped titanium oxide showed better scattering property, with an overall increase of 15.6% in efficiency of the solar cell with respect to a single nano-crystalline $TiO_2$ layer.
Won, Ye Yeon,Woo, Dae Gon,Kim, Chi Hyun,Baek, Myong Hyun,Lee, Tae Woo,Ko, Chang Yong,Kim, Han Sung Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.342 No.-
<P>Considerable researchers analyzed the effects of hormone treatment on osteoporotic vertebral bones. Hormone treatment of age-related osteoporotic bone has a potential to decrease an incidence of osteoporosis. In the present paper, experimental and simulated tests for the mechanical characteristics of osteoporotic models and their hormone-treated models were investigated. Three dimensional (3D) geometries of the models (rapid prototyped and finite element models) were generated from high resolution micro-computed tomography ($-CT, Skyscan 1076, Skyscan, Belgium) scan data for the central parts of the second lumbar vertebrae. From these 3D geometries, cubic specimens with side length 6.5mm were formed and analyzed. Rapid prototyped (RP) models, instead of the real bone specimen, of vertebral trabecular bones were created in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine. In the present study, experimental compressions test for RP models were carried out by the INSTRON testing machine (8874 series, Instron, UK). The mechanical characteristics of finite element (FE) models for simulated compression tests were compared with physical predictions from RP models for experimental compression test. As a result, it is found that the hormone therapy is likely to be less effective than reported by previous researchers. A remarkable agreement was achieved between the results obtained from the experimental tests for RP models and simulated tests for FE models.</P>
Antioxidant Activity and Quality Characteristics of Yogurt Added Green Olive Powder during Storage
Won-Young Cho,Su-Jung Yeon,Go-Eun Hong,Ji-Han Kim,Chuluunbat Tsend-Ayush,Chi-Ho Lee 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6
The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and quality characteristics of yogurt added green olive powder stored at 4°С for 15 d. The following four groups were used in this study: Control group (GY0), Yogurt added with 1% green olive (GY1), with 3% green olive (GY3), and with 5% green olive (GY5). The more time of titratable acidity went by, the more it increased. Except GY0, viscosity tended to decrease in other groups (p>0.05), and the more time of syneresis went by, the more it increased, but GY3 of them showed the lowest syneresis. Lactic acid bacteria showed no significant with GY0 until 5 d, but after that, GY1, GY3 and GY5 showed lower than GY0. Yogurt added green olive showed darker color than GY0 (low L* and high a*). The antioxidant activity of GY5 was found to be the highest among the four groups at day 1 of storage. Total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of GY5 was found to be the highest among the four groups at day 1 of storage which were 6.96 mg GAE/kg, 47.53%, and 0.57, respectively. In the sensory evaluation sweet and overall of GY3 indicated the highest score among the four groups. Results of this study demonstrated that green olive powder might be used to improve the antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of yogurt.