여성노인 노동력의 배제와 통합에 대한 고찰

이해리 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2005 여성학논집 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 여성노인이 충분히 노동할 수 있는 존재임에도 불구하고 노동시장 및 노인 고용정책에서 배제되고 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 기존 노인 고용 촉진 담론들은 성별화된 방식으로 구성되어 있기 때문에 주변화된 노동시장 내에 포진되어 있는 많은 여성 노인들은 상용고 중심의 논의에서 자연스럽게 배제되고 있다. 그리고 비공식 부문에 분포되어 있는 여성노인들의 노동 조건 및 직종 확대에 대해서는 논의가 부재하다. 이러한 정책 및 담론에서의 배제는 노동시장에서의 배제로 이어지고 있다. 그러나 여성노인들은 노동경험을 통해 쌓여진 작업지식을 통해 적은 시간 내에 많은 노동량을 수행하는 등 충분히 노동할 수 있는 능력을 갖고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여성노인은 연령차별과 성차별의 중층적인 작용으로 인해 주변화된 노동시장으로 '내몰림'당하고 심각한 고용불안에 시달리고 있다. The purpose of this study is to reveal the fact that aged women(over sixty) are excluded from the labor market and senior employment policy despite the fact that they can serve as a major source of potential labor power. The results are as follows: First, gender discrimination already exists within the policies and discussions for the employment of seniors. It basically tells us that policies and public discussions regard 'men' as the only source of labor power, excluding aged women from it. Second, these exclusionary policies and discussions against aged women are leading to their actual exclusion in the labor market. Senior employment-promoting centers do not take aged women's inferior status and their exclusion from the labor market seriously. Aged women are simply recognized as a group of people who lack work experience, labor capacity, and responsibility. Third, it is a wrong assumption to think that aged women do not have enough working capacity. Aged women can perform a lot of work in a short period of time through routine work knowledge. Their speedy of work knowledge increases not only productivity but also working speed. Nevertheless, they are constantly being marked as "inferior" due to their age and gender.

이중언어자에서 보인 두 형태의 실어증 : 증례보고 A Case Report

나해리,이정욱,박성민,박수열,권순용,이현정 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Since many people in Korea know more than one language, bilingual aphasia is an important line of research in clinical and theoretical neurolinguistics. Nowadays we meet many people who speak other languages along with Korean, who are immigrants from foreign countries, especially from China. Differential recovery of language affected by an aphasic deficit is documented. In the present work, we introduced a patient with bilingual aphasia who showed different recovery patterns in Korean and Chinese. A 66-year-old man was presented with language disturbance and right hemiplegia. On past medical history, he had received a hematoma evacuation through burr-hole due to left basal ganglia hemorrhage. After the event, he showed nearly global aphasia in Korean, but he showed minimally preserved language function on comprehension and fluency in Chinese. This result suggests that aphasia in bilingual subject may show different pat-terns of recovery between two languages.

Effect of pre-annealing on chemical configuration and heteroatom doping of highly active carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Hae Ri Lee,Seunggyun Han,Jong Yoon Lee,Gwanwon Lee,Sungho Lee,Han-Ik Joh 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

Heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are promising alternatives to platinum group metal-free catalysts foroxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To enhance the ORR activity of carbon-based catalysts, the break ofelectroneutrality and number of active sites must be maximized. In this study, an annealing process ata mild temperature was introduced before heteroatom doping to control the content and configurationof the oxygen functional groups on the graphene oxide (GO). Pre-annealing affects the chemical configurationand the porosity of GO such that the epoxy groups are converted into carbonyl groups accompanyingthe defect formation. Interestingly, The carbonyl-enriched environment allowed ammonia borane,as a dopant with nitrogen and boron atoms, the enhanced doping performance, inducing the formation ofhigher number of heteroatom doping sites and additional defects in the graphene lattice. The aBNG-150catalyst demonstrated outstanding ORR activity in both half- and single-cell evaluations because it hadthe highest heteroatom content and meso/macropores derived from the elimination of oxygen functionalgroups, which can facilitate ORR catalytic activity and O2 diffusion pathway. Therefore, we believe thatthis approach provides an effective route for synthesizing carbon-based catalysts with remarkable ORRperformances.

Fed and fasted bioequivalence assessment of two formulations of extended-release fixed-dose combination dapagliflozin/metformin (10/1,000 mg) tablets in healthy subjects

Hae Won Lee,Woo Youl Kang,Ji Seo Park,Jae Hwa Lee,Mi-Ri Gwon,Dong Heon Yang,Eun Hee Kim,Soo-Jin Park,Young-Ran Yoon,Sook Jin Seong 대한임상약리학회 2023 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.31 No.2

Two open-label, randomized, two-period crossover studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, safety, and bioequivalence of the test formulation (KD4004), a new fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of dapagliflozin and metformin extended release (XR) tablets, relative to the reference formulation (10 mg dapagliflozin/1,000 mg metformin XR FDC tablet) in healthy subjects under fasting (Part A) and fed (Part B) conditions. After giving the dose, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. Primary PK parameters (AUC 0-t and C max ) were used to assess bioequivalence between two dapagliflozin/metformin XR (10/1,000 mg) FDC formulations under fed and fasting conditions. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated. Part A and Part B were completed by 32 and 37 subjects, respectively. Bioequivalence of the two FDC formulations of dapagliflozin and metformin XR tablets was established in both the fasted and the fed conditions as the 90% confidence interval of the ratios of adjusted geometric means for AUC 0-t and C max were contained within the predefined range of 0.800–1.250 bioequivalence criteria. Single-dose administration of dapagliflozin and metformin XR was safe and well tolerated as the two FDC formulations. In conclusion, both FDC formulations of dapagliflozin and metformin XR tablets were bioequivalent in fed and fasted subjects. All treatments were well tolerated.

Atopic March from Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma-Like Lesions in NC/Nga Mice Is Accelerated or Aggravated by Neutralization of Stratum Corneum but Partially Inhibited by Acidification

Lee, Hae-Jin,Lee, Noo Ri,Jung, Minyoung,Kim, Dong Hye,Choi, Eung Ho The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2015 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.135 No.12

Prolonged and/or repeated damage to the skin barrier followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is an initial step in atopic march that ultimately progresses to respiratory allergy. Maintaining normal stratum corneum (SC) acidity has been suggested as a therapeutic or preventive strategy for barrier impairment caused by skin inflammation. We determined whether a representative AD murine model, NC/Nga mice, develops airway inflammation after repeated epicutaneous application followed by inhalation of house dust mite (HDM), implying atopic march, and whether prolongation of non-proper SC acidity accelerates respiratory allergy. HDM was applied to the skin of NC/Nga mice, accompanied by the application of neutral cream (pH 7.4) or acidic cream (pH 2.8) for 6 weeks. Intranasal inhalation of HDM was administered daily during the last 3 days. Repeated epicutaneous applications followed by inhalation of HDM in NC/Nga mice induced an atopic march-like progression from AD lesions to respiratory allergy. Concurrent neutral cream treatment accelerated or aggravated the allergic inflammation in the skin and respiratory system, whereas an acidic cream partially alleviated these symptoms. Collectively, we developed an atopic march in NC/Nga mice by HDM application, and found that prevention of a neutral environment in the SC may be an interventional method to inhibit the march.

P007 : Acidic cream on atopic skin prevents allergen sensitization through skin and thereby interrupts atopic march in mice

( Hae Jin Lee ),( Bo Kyung Kim ),( Min Young Jung ),( Dong Hye Kim ),( Noo Ri Lee ),( Na Young Yoon ),( Eung Ho Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Maintenance of acidic pH in the stratum corneum (SC) is an important factor for normal skin barrier function. Long standing or repeated skin barrier damage followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is the initial step of the atopic march that eventually progresses to respiratory allergies. Objectives: We determined whether an flaky tail mice(ft/ft, ma/ma) model and Nc/Nga mice can develop airway inflammation by topical application and nasal inhalation of a house dust mite, Dermatofagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) (defined as a novel ‘atopic march animal model’), and whether maintenance of an acidic SC environment by continuous application of acidic cream can interrupt these animal models of atopic march. Methods: During the course of Dp treatment to the atopic march murine models, an acidic cream with pH 2.8 and neutral cream(pH7.4) adjusted by citric acid and sodium hydroxide mixed with vehicle were applied twice daily. Repeated Dp applications on flaky tail mice induced AD skin lesions followed by respiratory allergies, defining it as an atopic march model. Results: Taken together, a novel atopic march animal model can be developed by repeated application of house dust mites on flaky tail mice, which supports the ‘outside-inside hypothesis’ Conclusion: The acidification of SC can be a novel intervention method to block the progress of the atopic march.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ regulates fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation through endoplasmic reticulum stress

Lee, Kyung Sun,Jeong, Jae Seok,Kim, So Ri,Cho, Seong Ho,Kolliputi, Narasaiah,Ko, Yun Hee,Lee, Kyung Bae,Park, Suk Chul,Park, Hae Jin,Lee, Yong Chul BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Thorax Vol.71 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Sensitisation with <I>Aspergillus fumigatus</I> (<I>Af</I>) is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation, but the mechanism remains to be clarified. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are suggested to be involved in steroid-resistant lung inflammation. We aimed to elucidate the role of PI3K-δ and its relationship with ER stress in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Using <I>Af</I>-exposed in vivo and in vitro experimental systems, we examined whether PI3K-δ regulates ER stress, thereby contributing to steroid resistance in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation. Moreover, we checked expression of an ER stress marker in lung tissues isolated from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P><I>Af</I>-exposed mice showed that ER stress markers, unfolded protein response (UPR)-related proteins, phosphorylated Akt, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), eosinophilic allergic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were increased in the lung. Similarly, glucose-regulated protein 78 was increased in lung tissues of patients with ABPA. A PI3K-δ inhibitor reduced <I>Af</I>-induced increases in ER stress markers, UPR-related proteins, allergic inflammation and AHR in mice. However, dexamethasone failed to reduce <I>Af</I>-induced allergic inflammation, AHR and elevation of ER stress. Administration of an ER stress inhibitor or a mtROS scavenger improved <I>Af</I>-induced allergic inflammation. The PI3K-δ inhibitor reduced <I>Af</I>-induced mtROS generation and the mtROS scavenger ameliorated ER stress. In primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells, <I>Af</I>-induced ER stress was inhibited by blockade of PI3K-δ.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These findings suggest that PI3K-δ regulates <I>Af</I>-induced steroid-resistant eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation through ER stress.</P>

Fabrication of an rhBMP-2 loaded porous β-TCP microsphere-hyaluronic acid-based powder gel composite and evaluation of implant osseointegration

Lee, Jae Hyup,Kim, Jungju,Baek, Hae-Ri,Lee, Kyung Mee,Seo, Jun-Hyuk,Lee, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, A-Young,Zheng, Guang Bin,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki Springer US 2014 Journal of materials science, Materials in medicin Vol.25 No.9

<P>Methods to improve osseointegration that include implantation of rhBMP-2 with various kinds of carriers are currently of considerable interest. The present study was conducted to evaluate if the rhBMP-2 loaded β-TCP microsphere-hyaluronic acid-based powder-like hydrogel composite (powder gel) can act as an effective rhBMP-2 carrier for implantation in host bone with a bone defect or poor bone quality. The release pattern for rhBMP-2 was then evaluated against an rhBMP-2-loaded collagen sponge as a control group. Dental implants were also inserted into the tibias of three groups of rabbits: an rhBMP-2 (200 µg) loaded powder gel composite implanted group, an implant only group, and a powder gel implanted group. Micro-CT and histology of the implanted areas were carried out four weeks later. The rhBMP-2 powder gel released less rhBMP-2 than the collagen sponge, but it continued a slow release for more than 7 days. The rhBMP-2 powder gel composite improved osseointegration of the dental implant by increasing the amount of new bone formation in the implant pitch and it improved the bone quality and bone quantity of new bone. The histology results indicated that the rhBMP-2 powder gel composite improved the osseointegration in the cortical bone as well as the marrow space along the fixture. The bone-to-implant contact ratio of the rhBMP-2 (200 µg) loaded powder gel composite implanted group was significantly higher than those of the implant only group and the powder gel implanted group. The powder gel appeared to be a good carrier and could release rhBMP-2 slowly to promote the formation of new bone following implantation in a bone defect, thereby improving implant osseointegration.</P>

The major outer membrane protein of a periodontopathogen induces IFN-beta and IFN-stimulated genes in monocytes via lipid raft and TANK-binding kinase 1/IFN regulatory factor-3.

Lee, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Joong Su,Jun, Hye-Kyoung,Lee, Hae-Ri,Lee, Daesil,Choi, Bong-Kyu Williams Wilkins 2009 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.182 No.9

<P>Surface molecules of pathogens play an important role in stimulating host immune responses. Elucidation of the signaling pathways activated by critical surface molecules in host cells provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis resulting from bacteria-host interactions. MspTL is the most abundant outer membrane protein of Treponema lecithinolyticum, which is associated with periodontitis, and induces expression of a variety of proinflammatory factors. Although bacteria and bacterial components like LPS and flagellin are known to induce IFN-beta, induction by bacterial surface proteins has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated MspTL-mediated activation of signaling pathways stimulating up-regulation of IFN-beta and IFN-stimulated genes in a human monocytic cell line, THP-1 cells, and primary cultured human gingival fibroblasts. MspTL treatment of the cells induced IFN-beta and the IFN-stimulated genes IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and RANTES. A neutralizing anti-IFN-beta Ab significantly reduced the expression of IP-10 and RANTES, as well as STAT-1 activation, which was also induced by MspTL. Experiments using specific small interfering RNA showed that MspTL activated TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), but not inducible IkappaB kinase (IKKi). MspTL also induced dimerization of IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) and translocation into the nucleus. The lipid rapid-disrupting agents methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, nystatin, and filipin inhibited the MspTL internalization and cellular responses, demonstrating that lipid raft activation was a prerequisite for MspTL cellular signaling. Our results demonstrate that MspTL, the major outer protein of T. lecithinolyticum, induced IFN-beta expression and subsequent up-regulation of IP-10 and RANTES via TBK1/IRF-3/STAT-1 signaling secondary to lipid raft activation.</P>

Enhanced osteoinductivity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in combination with epidermal growth factor in a rabbit tibial defect model

Lee, Jae Hyup,Baek, Hae-Ri,Lee, Kyung Mee,Lee, Dong-Yeon,Lee, A-Young Informa UK Ltd. 2015 Growth factors Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study aims to explore the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone formation when treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and a rabbit tibial defect model. The rhBMP-2 (250 ng/ml)+EGF (10 ng/ml) group showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP expression, increased calcium amount than rhBMP-2 group. In micro-CT and histology results of animal experiments, the rhBMP-2+EGF group showed more amount of bone bridging compared to the rhBMP-2 group. Among the 8-week groups, the rhBMP-2+EGF group showed significantly higher percent bone volume and trabecular number compared to the rhBMP-2 group. The combined treatment with EGF and rhBMP-2 induced significantly higher bone formation compared to that of rhBMP-2 only in both hMSCs and a rabbit tibial defect model. Therefore, EGF is expected to facilitate bone formation effect of rhBMP-2 when both factors are treated in combination.</P>