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      • KCI등재

        중국어 외래어 표기법 발음 괴리의 문제

        嚴翼相(Eom Ik-sang) 중국어문학연구회 2009 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.54

        This article points out sound discrepancies between the current Koreanization System of Chinese loan words and the actual Mandarin pronunciations of the given words. Since many Koreanization systems of Mandarin have been proposed up to date, this article limits its discussion to the system proposed by the Korean government in 1986. It claims that the governmental system, which strictly followed the guidelines by the government, is good to be simple but fails to sound like Chinese personal and place names. It is particularly problematic to transcribe Mandarin b-, d-, g- into Koeran p-, t, -k- and Mandarin vowel o into Korean o, u, and eo. This article suggests to employ Eom's system, which was originally proposed by Ik-sang Eom in 1996 and revised in 2002, to resolve such problems. It urges the National Institute of Korean revise the current Koreanization System of Chinese loan words as soon as possible.

      • KCI등재

        『중국어 음운론과 응용』의 수정 이론

        엄익상 ( Ik Sang Eom ) 한국중국언어학회 2016 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.63

        This paper points out some theoretical problems of Eom`s (2012) Chuggugo umunnon gwa ungyong, Mandarin phonology and its application. The problems include (1) the unclear status of vocalic coda in syllabic structure, (2) the improper rule ordering of vowel changes and (3) the illogical mechanism of retroflexion or R-suffixation. This paper proposes to revise them as follows: a. The post-nucleus glide should be placed at the coda position not in approximants as j and w, but in vowel symbols as i and u. b. Those rules concerning the vowel assimilation are proposed to be presented in the order of onset, nucleus, and coda unless they are crucially ordered. The rules applicable to the wider range precide the opposite ones. c. Those rules concerning retroflexion are proposed to be presented in the order of superimposition of retroflexion, schwa insertion, and front sound deletion. The revised theories will be adopted in the second edition of Eom`s book, which will appear in 2016.

      • KCI등재

        청뚜(成都)방언과 한국한자어와의 유사도 측정

        엄익상(Eom Ik-sang) 한국중어중문학회 2008 中語中文學 Vol.43 No.-

        This article examines the degree of similarities between the Chengdu dialects and Sino-Korean from three perspectives: mutual intelligibility, sound similarity, and lexical similarity. The unidirectional intelligibilities and sound similarities between two dialects along with others were calculated in numbers by using CCLang, a computer program which was developed by Chin-chuan Cheng to measure similarities among Chinese dialects. Lexical similarities between two dialects in question, however, were quoted from Eom's (2007) previous studies, which counted the numbers of nouns which are shared both in Sino-Korean and Chinese dialects. The results of this study demonstrate that the degree of similarities between the Chengdu dialect and Sino-Korean is approximately in the middle of 24 major dialects of China, including Sino-Japanese. The Chengdu dialect turned out to be closer to Sino-Korean than most Mandarin dialects from both phonological and lexical points of view. Since the number of Mandarin speakers is more than 70% of the Chinese people, the affinity between the Chengdu dialect and Sino-Korean is much higher than the average.

      • KCI등재

        한자음 연구 어떻게 할까

        嚴翼相(Eom Ik-sang) 중국어문학연구회 2008 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.48

        This article is an introductory work on Sino-Korean phonology. It was designed to demonstrate how to conduct research in Sino-Korean and what recent achievements in the area are. It first introduces to methods of comparative and internal reconstructions and issues on periodizations of Chinese, Korean, and Sino-Korean. It discusses also the fundamental issues on Sino-Korean, such as dating of transmission, source dialects, and the formation period. More importantly, this article summarizes Eom's recent research on controversial issues on Sino-Korean phonology. Those issues include the status of voiced and aspirated obstruents in Old Sino-Korean, reconstruction of Sino-Paekche Korean, the source of Sino-Korean coda -l, and the causes of Sino-Korean palatalization and so on.

      • 언어와 문학 : 기독교문학에 근거하여

        엄창섭 국제기독교언어문화연구원 1997 기독교언어문화논집 Vol.1 No.-

        Chang Seob Eom. 1997. Language and Literatur - based on Christian literature - Collected Papers on Christian Language Culture. In the Middle Ages which is named by the Dark Ages, Western Christian culture and tradition was firmly established. So, from Middle Ages to Rennsaissance, there is no need to build up the concept of Christian literature, because Christianity has been dominated all the curtual circumstance. But when Renaissance began, the movement of humanism came to the fore. The conflict between Christian faith and secular culture was deepened much more. Accordingly, new current of literature appeared quite different from Middle age's literature which served religious purpose. About 17 centuries, 'Christian humanism' movement raised. Since that time, the concept of Chistian literature, which was distinguished by secular literature, has been established. Eventually, we arrived the era that made a distinction between pure literature as a sheer literatary purpose and Christian literature. In these days, "How can literature salvage our soul?" is a deep question that we always have to discuss. In the light of that problem, we have to investigate Christian literature, because Christian literature is commected to the problem of human soul's salvation. So, in this paper, I investigate some 'Christian litreary works' that I think important among them. Christian authors have to recognize 'the mystery of incarnation' for the principle of aesthetics. Also they have to inspect, understand and illuminate the meaning for all the thing in the world. Morever, they have to assent Christian's historical point of view deeply and variously. We will identify that this basic framework exists in common from Catholic Father's literature in romantism, 19 centuries Russian literature represented by Tolstoy and Tostoyvski, to 20 centuries Christian literature, as a full-blown Christian literature's ages. In addition, it is needless to say that aesthetical approach of Jesus Christi's incarnation and it's historical cognition is a foundation of Christian literature. On the basis of it, we will be verify the Christian lit4erature's meaning and will make sure it's value. (Kwandong University)

      • 초등학생의 학교 외부공간 환경인지 유형분석 : 외부공간<이미지스케치>분석을 중심으로 Based on the Image Sketch of Exterior Spaces

        엄붕훈,한성미 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

        The concept that outside environment affects human behavior and emotion has been proved by a lot of studies. Especially, the importance of the type of outdoor environmental design was emphasized since it is related to crime and hooligans. In this point of view, to provide appropriate exterior environment to children can be very significant issue because childhood is the time to establish emotion and identity of human being. The purpose of this study is to analyze children's environmental cognition type to the exterior space in elementary school, and to provide appropriate design guidelines of exterior environment for children. This research was investigated by image skethches which were drawn as "Ideal School Environment" by children in two elementary schools which are located in the center and the outskirts of Taegu city. The major results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. About 4 times more of exterior spaces were expressed than building spaces in children's pictures. 2. High grade children's cognition of exterior spaces were significantly higher than low grdes'. However, there was no statistical differnce between two survey sites, and between sex. 3. Children expressed landscape area, service area, and play area, as the main elements of exterior space in their pictures.

      • 職場體育에 對한 社會人의 意識構造

        田嚴鳳 水原大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

        The purpose of this study is research to the presentation of Vacational People's sport activity. To meet the purpose, 400 subjects were choiced by random sample. The conclusion as follows. 1) There is no place and time service for sports activities in company. But most peoples have a chance occasionally to play sport activity. 2) The time of sport activity is not punctual so they do when they want to play. 3) In the presentation of employee's sport activity, the portion of table tennis and Tennis is very high. 4) Employee didn't directly to play sport activity but they had represented many interest about it. In case of the man who did direct sport activity, because of no place in the company, they go to private Gymnangium and neighbour school with friend, family or oneself.

      • 무릎 관절각이 sargent jump에 미치는 영향

        田嚴鳳 水原大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

        After observing and analyzing the perpendicular power(sargent jump) complied with the knee joint angle of 10 colldge level volleyball players, the study results are as follows. 1. As 100˚knee joint angle, the perpendicular power achieved an excellent record. M=6.48cm, SD=6.10. 2. The study shows that there is a slight difference at knee joint angle of 80˚. M=64.7, SD=7.05. As a result the perpendicular power have a personal difference, the most optimal performance could be achieved between 80˚∼110˚knee joint angle.

      • Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

        이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

        Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

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