The Dative Goal and Intervention Effects

( Doo Won Lee ) 대한언어학회 2012 언어학 Vol.20 No.3

Lee, Doo-Won, 2012, The Dative Goal and Intervention Effeds, The Linguistic Association of Korean Journal, 20(3), 91-108, The so-called intervention effect may be driven by the dative argument when the nominative object undergoes Agree with T. At this point, the nominative object cannot move to spec-T. The goal- or object-oriented honorific morpheme tuli or the subject-oriented honorific morpheme si, which is marked on the verb, can appear only when its target is honorific. In this respect, as a Probe, the honorific morpheme tuli or si with an uninterpretable honorification feature, which is active due to the feature, should search down for its matching feature in a Goal. If an uninterpretable honorification feature in a Probe finds a matching feature in a Goal in its local c-command domain, then both features come into an operation called Agree (Chomsky, 2000). However, an intervention effect occurs whenever a non-honorific dative argument intervenes between an honorific v (i.e., tuli on v, here) and an honorific object. The dative argument in the higher clause triggers the intervention effect against its own anaphor binding when the coindexed anaphor phrase in the lower clause moves over the dative argument; hence, the anaphor binding in the copy position is cancelled. To sum up, the VP-dative argument triggers an intervention effect against both honorication agreement and anaphor binding.

Study on a Dynamic master system for Controller Area Network

Won,Ji-Woon,Hong,Won-Kee,Lee,Yong-Doo 한국정보기술응용학회 2005 한국정보기술응용학회학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

영어의 청자존칭을 통해 본 사물주체존칭

이두원(Lee, Doo-Won) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.42

청자와 주체(즉, 주어)가 동일인일 때, 청자존칭(addressee honorification) 어미와 주체존칭(subject honorification) 어미가 함께 쓰일 수 있다. 이 때, 주체존칭은 청자에 대한 정중성(politeness) 정도를 가중시켜서 청자에 대한 정중함을 극대화한다. 한국어의 청자존칭에서 청자존칭어미 ‘요’의 사용은 will you…?정도의 정중성을 표현하고 주체존칭 선어말 어미 ‘시’와 청자존칭어미 ‘요’의 병행 사용은 would you…?와 같은 정도의 정중성을 갖는다. 한국어에서 청자존칭구문에 쓰이는 ‘시’는 영어에서 will you…?와 would you…?간의 정중성 간극을 전달한다. 이것이 반영된 것이 최근 대두되고 있는 사물주체존칭(impersonal subject honorification)이다. 이것이 백화점 높임말로 일컬어진다. 본고에서는 백화점 높임말을 다음 세 가지로 규정한다. 첫째, 백화점 높임말은 청자존칭의 극대화이다. 둘째, 백화점 높임말에서 주체존칭 선어말 어미 ‘시’가 쓰인다. 셋째, 백화점 높임말에서 ‘시’는 호격 높임말과 동지시된 사물주체와 일치를 이룬다. ‘시’가 호격 높임말과 동지시된 사물주체와 일치될 때, 그 사물주체존칭은 청자에 대한 존칭의 극대화로 나타난다. 사물주체존칭 현상에 대한 구조적 설명은 다음과 같다. ‘시’는 핵 T의 위치에서 그 주체존칭자질을 지정어인 Spec-TP에 있는 주체와 존칭자질을 점검하면 그 자질은 방출된다(discharged). 한편, 호격 핵 Voc에 있는 ‘요’의 존칭자질은 호격의 지정어인 Spec-VocP에 있는 존칭자질을 점검하여 방출된다. 호격 높임말과 주체 높임말이 각각의 지정어-핵 관계에서 존칭자질에 의해 동시에 점검받을 때, 청자존칭은 극대화된다. In the concept of Chomsky"s (1993, 1995) earlier version of Minimalist Program, checking is in the Spec-head relation between the subject and [uHon] of the subject-honorific marker si on T or between the vocative element and [uHon] on Voc (Lee 2014a). The subject honorification marker si-marked predicate in Korean must have an honorific subject in Spec-TP in order for the unchecked feature of the subject honorification marker si on T to be discharged in the Spec-head relation with the honorific subject, which induces subject honorification. When the honorific vocative element appears in Korean, its corresponding verbal ending markers such as (e)yo occur as a head of VocP, which induces addressee honorification at the speech level. Specially in the context of commercial conversation, the young clerks usually use the subject honorification marker -si when the impersonal subject appears in the addressee honorification, which triggers impersonal subject honorification (J.-B. Lee 2010). In Korean, addressee honorification is realized in the vocative construction: The vocative element must appear overtly or covertly (Lee 2014a). The eccentric phenomenon of impersonal subject honorification occurs only when the subject honorification marker -si requires the impersonal subject coindexed with the honorific vocative element. When the unchecked honorific feature of the subject honorification marker -si on T checks the matching feature of the honorific impersonal subject coindexed with the honorific vocative element in Spec-VocP in Chomsky"s (1993, 1995) Spec-head relation, the addressee honorification gets maximized, which induces the sentence to have the utmost politeness. Thus, Lee"s (2010) concept of the situation subject, which is the honorific vocative element here, is gone.

우황청심원 관련 최근 연구 동향 : 국내 논문에 대한 고찰

이제원,백경민,백영두,임은영,장우석,전우현,정인권,Lee, Je-Won,Baek, Kyung-Min,Baek, Young-Doo,Im, Eun-Young,Chang, Woo-Seok,Cheon, Woo-Hyun,Chung, In-Kwon 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Objectives : Woohwangchungsim-won has been used for acute diseases such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke), heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won in acute stages of these disease by reviewing Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won. Methods : Article searches were performed on 8 major Korean web article search engine from January 1980 to August 2010. There were no restrictions on the types of publication, including grey articles. Results : Forty-three articles were included. Twenty one were efficacy tests, thirteen were comparative efficacy tests, eight were toxicity tests, and one was new method development. Eighteen articles were multicenter studies and twenty five were single center studies. Thirty two articles were animal testing, only ten articles were clinical articles. Thirty seven articles presented the composition and quantity of Woohwangchungsim-won, but six did not. Conclusions : The results of Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won can not strongly support the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won. More rigorous studies are required for determination of the effects of Woohwangchungsim-won.

Treatment with phosphodiester CpG-ODN ameliorates atopic dermatitis by enhancing TGF-β signaling

( Won-kook Ham ),( Eun-jung Lee ),( Myung Shin Jeon ),( Hae-young Kim ),( Gaurav Agrahari ),( Eun-joo An ),( Chul Hwan Bang ),( Doo-sik Kim ),( Tae-yoon Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2021 BMB Reports Vol.54 No.2

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG phosphorothioate (PS CpG-ODN) are known to decrease IgE synthesis in Th2 allergy responses. Nonetheless, the therapeutic role of PS CpG-ODN is limited due to cytotoxicity. Therefore, we developed a phosphodiester (PO) form of CpG-ODN (46O) with reduced toxicity but effective against allergies. In this study, we first compared the toxicity of 46O with CpG-ODNs containing a PS backbone (1826S). We also investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of 46O injected intravenously in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)- induced atopic dermatitis (AD). To elucidate the mechanism of 46O underlying the inhibition of IgE production, IgE- and TGF-β-associated molecules were evaluated in CD40/IL-4- or LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells. Our data showed that the treatment with 46O was associated with a lower hematological toxicity compared with 1826S. In addition, injection with 46O reduced erythema, epidermal thickness, and suppressed IgE and IL-4 synthesis in mice with OVA-induced AD. Additionally, 46O induced TGF-β production in LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells via inhibition of Smad7, which suppressed IgE synthesis via interaction between Id2 and E2A. These findings suggest that enhanced TGF-β signaling is an effective treatment for IgE-mediated allergic conditions, and 46O may be safe and effective for treating allergic diseases such as AD and asthma. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(2): 142-147]

VP-internal Structure of Idioms and A-movement

Doo-Won Lee 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.23

When the object is given specificity or contrastiveness, it should move out of the VP, so that discourse effects such as specificity or contrastiveness cannot be internally interpreted within the structural domain of VP. Only a string of words forming a unitary constituent with an idiosyncratic interpretation can be an idiom. The idiomatic subject should originate internally within VP and such clausal idioms are VP idioms which require a fixed choice of head, complement and specifier in the VP containing them (Radford 2009). In this vein, the VP-internal Subject Hypothesis provides a straightforward answer for forming an idiomatic meaning within VP. The subject and predicate forming an idiom can come to be separated from each other, as far as the A-movement of the subject is concerned. The English ECMed constituent internally originates within VP and then undergoes A-movement to the matrix clause, still bearing an idiomatic meaning. It follows that while A-movement keeps the idiomatic meaning sustainable, A"-movement induces it to be gone.

Prevalence and characteristics of clinically significant retained common bile duct stones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis

Doo-ho Lee,Young Joon Ahn,Hae Won Lee,Jung Kee Chung,In Mok Jung 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.91 No.5

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of retained symptomatic common bile duct (CBD) stone detected after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients without preoperative evidence of CBD or intrahepatic duct stones. Methods: Of 2,111 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between September 2007 and December 2014 at Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 1,467 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder stones and their medical records were analyzed. We reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for clinically significant CBD stones (i.e., symptomatic stones requiring therapeutic intervention). Results: Overall, 27 of 1,467 patients (1.84%) underwent postoperative ERCP after LC because of clinical evidence of retained CBD stones. The median time from LC to ERCP was 152 days (range, 60–1,015 days). Nine patients had ERCPrelated complications. The median hospital stay for ERCP was 6 days. Conclusion: The prevalence of clinically significant retained CBD stone after LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis was 1.84% and the time from LC to clinical presentation ranged from 2 months to 2 years 9 months. Therefore, biliary surgeons should inform patients that retained CBD stone may be detected several years after LC for simple gallbladder stones.

Effect of Copper Ion on Oxygen Damage in Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Lee, Jeong-Ki,Kim, Ji-Myon,Kim, Su-Won,Nam, Doo-Hyun,Yong, Chul-Soon,Huh, Keun The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1996 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.19 No.3

Using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the oxidative stresses induced by 0.1 mM of copper ion $(Cu^{++})$ was studied. In aerobic culture condition, yeasts lacking MnSOD (mitochondrial SOD) showed more significant growth retardation than CuZnSOD (cytoplasmic SOD)-deficient yeasts. However, not so big differences in growth pattern of those mutants compared withwild type were observed under anaerobic condition. It was found that, under aerobic condition, the supplementation of 0.1 mM copper ioh:(Cu") into culture medium caused the remarkable increase of CuZnSOD but not so significant change in MnSOD. It was also observed that catalase activities appeared to be relatively high in the presence of copper ion in spite of the remarkable reduction of glutathion peroxidase in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts, but the slight increments of catalase and glutathion peroxidase were detected in MnSOD-deficient strains. It implies that the lack of cytoplasmic SOD could be compensated mainly by catalase. However, these phenomena resulted in the significantincrease of cellular lipid peroxides content in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts and the slight increment of lipid peroxides in MNSOD-deficient cells. In anaerobic cultivation supplementing copper ion, the cellular enzyme activities of catalase and glutathion peroxidase in SOD-deficient yeasts were slightly increased without any significant changes of lipid peroxides in cell membrane. It suggests that a little amount of free radicals generated by copper ion under anaerobic condition could be sufficiently overcome by catalase as well as glutathion peroxidase.dase.

Joule-heating Induced Crystallization (JIC) of Amorphous Silicon Films

Won Eui Hong,Joo Yeol Lee,Doo Jung Park,Jae Sang Ro 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

Clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with croup and epiglottitis who visited 146 Emergency Departments in Korea

Lee, Doo Ri,Lee, Chang Hyu,Won, Youn Kyung,Suh, Dong In,Roh, Eui-Jung,Lee, Mi-Hee,Chung, Eun Hee The Korean Pediatric Society 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.10

Purpose: Croup is a common pediatric respiratory illness with symptoms of varying severity. Moreover, epiglottitis is a rare disease that can rapidly progress to life-threatening airway obstruction. Although the clinical course and treatments differ between croup and epiglottitis, they are difficult to differentiate on presentation. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of croup and epiglottitis in Emergency Department patients. Methods: The 2012 National Emergency Department Information System database of 146 Korean Emergency Departments was used to investigate patients aged ${\leq}18years$ presenting with croup or epiglottitis. Results: We analyzed 19,374 croup patients and 236 epiglottitis patients. The male:female sex ratios were 1.9:1 and 2.3:1 and mean ages were $2.2{\pm}2.0$ and $5.6{\pm}5.8years$, respectively. The peak incidence of croup was observed in July and that of epiglottitis was observed in May. The hospitalization rate was lower in croup than in epiglottitis patients, and the proportion of patients treated in the intensive care unit was lower among croup patients. The 3 most common chief complaints in both croup and epiglottitis patients were cough, fever, and dyspnea. Epiglottitis patients experienced dyspnea, sore throat, and vomiting more often than croup patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both groups had similar sex ratios, arrival times, 3 most common chief complaints, and 5 most common comorbidities. Epiglottitis patients had a lower incidence rate, higher mean age of onset, and higher hospitalization rate and experienced dyspnea, sore throat, and vomiting more often than croup patients. Our results may help in the differential diagnosis of croup and epiglottitis.