Performance Analysis of a Two-hop Wireless Relay Network with CSMA / CA and Network Coding

Chun-Hsiang Huang,Daisuke Umehara,Satoshi Denno,Masahiro Morikura,Takatoshi Sugiyama 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

In this paper, we provide an analytical model to compute the approximate throughput of a two-hop wireless relay network in which stations employ carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol and network coding on the MAC layer. In addition, this model can be applied to the conventional CSMA/CA wireless relay network without network coding. Network coding is a highly regarded technology that is able to enhance the system capacity of multiple unicast and multisource multicast networks. Based on the assumption of no hidden terminals, we show that the proposed analytical model works well with the parameters of IEEE 802.11a and the difference in throughput between theoretical analysis and computer simulation is at most 2 percent.

The Clinical Outcomes of Different First-Line EGFR-TKIs Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Yen-Hsiang Huang,Kuo-Hsuan Hsu,Chun-Shih Chin,Jeng-Sen Tseng,Tsung-Ying Yang,Kun-Chieh Chen,Kang-Yi Su,Sung-Liang Yu,Jeremy J.W. Chen,Gee-Chen Chang 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.2

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus bevacizumab in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods From August 2016 to October 2020, we enrolled advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring exon 19 deletion or L858R receiving gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment for the purposes of analysis. Results A total of 36 patients were included in the final analysis. Three patients received gefitinib, 17 received erlotinib, and 16 received afatinib combined with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment. The objective response rate was 77.8%, and disease control rate was 94.4%. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.4 months, while the median PFS was 17.1 months in patients with exon 19 deletion, and 16.2 months in patients with L858R mutation (p=0.311). Regarding the use of different EGFR-TKIs, the median PFS was 17.1 months in the erlotinib group and 21.6 months in the afatinib group (p=0.617). In patients with brain metastasis at baseline, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.4 months in the afatinib group (p=0.747). Amongst patients harboring exon 19 deletion, the median PFS was 16.2 months in the erlotinib group and not-reached in the afatinib group (p=0.141). In patients with L858R mutation, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.2 months in the afatinib group (p=0.481). Conclusion Our research demonstrates that not only erlotinib combined with bevacizumab, but also afatinib plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment, provides solid clinical efficacy in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients. PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus bevacizumab in advanced <i>EGFR</i>-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.Materials and MethodsFrom August 2016 to October 2020, we enrolled advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring exon 19 deletion or L858R receiving gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment for the purposes of analysis.ResultsA total of 36 patients were included in the final analysis. Three patients received gefitinib, 17 received erlotinib, and 16 received afatinib combined with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment. The objective response rate was 77.8%, and disease control rate was 94.4%. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.4 months, while the median PFS was 17.1 months in patients with exon 19 deletion, and 16.2 months in patients with L858R mutation (p=0.311). Regarding the use of different EGFR-TKIs, the median PFS was 17.1 months in the erlotinib group and 21.6 months in the afatinib group (p=0.617). In patients with brain metastasis at baseline, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.4 months in the afatinib group (p=0.747). Amongst patients harboring exon 19 deletion, the median PFS was 16.2 months in the erlotinib group and not-reached in the afatinib group (p=0.141). In patients with L858R mutation, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.2 months in the afatinib group (p=0.481).ConclusionOur research demonstrates that not only erlotinib combined with bevacizumab, but also afatinib plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment, provides solid clinical efficacy in advanced <i>EGFR</i>-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Effects of Magnolol on Acetaminophen-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Yung-Hsiang Chen,Feng-Yen Lin,Po-Len Liu,Yi-Tsau Huang,Jen-Hwey Chiu,Yi-Chun Chang,Kee-Ming Man,Chuang-Ye Hong,Yen-Yi Ho,Ming-Tsung Lai 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.2

Acute liver failure (ALF), an often fatal condition characterized by massive hepatocyte necrosis, is frequently caused by drug poisoning, particularly with acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol/APAP). Hepatocyte necrosis is consecutive to glutathione (GSH) depletion and mitochondrial damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Magnolol, one major phenolic constituent of Magnolia officinalis, have been known to exhibit potent antioxidative activity. In this study, the anti-hepatotoxic activity of magnolol on APAP-induced toxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat liver was examined. After evaluating the changes of several biochemical parameters in serum, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were elevated by APAP (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneal administration (8 and 24 h) and reduced by treatment with magnolol (0.5 h after APAP administration; 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/kg). Histological changes around the hepatic central vein, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance/TBARS), and GSH depletion in liver tissue induced by APAP were also recovered by magnolol treatment. The data show that oxidative stress followed by lipid peroxidation may play a very important role in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatic injury; treatment with lipid-soluble antioxidant, magnolol, exerts anti-hepatotoxic activity. Our study points out the potential interest of magnolol in the treatment of toxic ALF.

Risk factors in progression from endometriosis to ovarian cancer: a cohort study based on medical insurance data

An Jen Chiang,Chung Chang,Chi-Hsiang Huang,Wei-Chun Huang,,Yuen-Yee Kan,Jiabin Chen 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.3

Objective: The objective was to identify risk factors that were associated with the progression from endometriosis to ovarian cancer based on medical insurance data. Methods: The study was performed on a dataset obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database, which covered all the inpatient claim data from 2000 to 2013 in Taiwan. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code 617 was used to screen the dataset for the patients who were admitted to hospital due to endometriosis. They were then tracked for subsequent diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and available biological, socioeconomic and clinical information was also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed based on the Cox regression model to identify risk factors. C-index was calculated and cross validated. Results: A total of 229,617 patients who were admitted to hospital due to endometriosis from 2000 to 2013 were included in the study, out of whom 1,473 developed ovarian cancer by the end of 2013. A variety of factors, including age, residence, hospital stratification, premium range, and various comorbidities had significant impact on the progression (p<0.05). Among them, age, urbanization of residence, hospital stratification, premium range, post-endometriosis childbearing, pelvic inflammation, and depression all had independent, significant impact (p<0.05). The validated C-index was 0.69. Conclusion: For a woman diagnosed with endometriosis, increased age, residing in a highly urbanized area, low or high income, depression, pelvic inflammation, and absence of childbearing post-endometriosis all put her at high-risk to develop ovarian cancer. The findings may be of help to gynecologists to identify high-risk patients.

ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD

CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

Efficacy and Safety of 12 Weeks of Daclatasvir, Asunaprevir Plus Ribavirin for the Treatment of HCV Genotype 1b Infection without Baseline NS5A Resistance-Associated Variants (DARING)-Interim Report

( Ming-lung Yu ),( Chao-hung Hung ),( Yi-hsiang Huang ),( Cheng-yuan Peng ),( Chun-yen Lin ),( Pin-nan Cheng ),( Rong-nan Chien ),( Shih-jer Hsu ),( Chen-hua Liu ),( Jee-fu Huang ),( Chung-feng Huang 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The current study aims to elucidate the treatment efficacy (defined as undetectable HCV RNA throughout 12 weeks of post-treatment follow-up, SVR12) and safety DCV/ASV plus ribavirin for 12 weeks in HCV-1b patients without NS5A RAS. Methods: This is a single-arm, open-label phase 2 study. Seventy directly acting antivirals (DAA)-naïve HCV-1b patients without L31/Y93 RAS are planned to receive daclatasvir (60 mg/ day) and asunaprevir (100 mg twice daily) plus weight-based ribavirin (1000-1200 mg/day) for 12 weeks. After treatment they were followed up for 12 weeks. Results: As of 31 Oct 2017, 58 eligible patients are allocated to treatment, with a mean age of 59.3 years and female predominance (67.2%, 39/58). The mean HCV RNA was 5.87+0.77 log10 IU/mL; 23 patients (39.7 %) had significant hepatic fibrosis (>F2). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the rate of undetectable HCV at week 1, week 2, week 4, week 8 and endof- treatment was 25 % (14/56), 84.8 % (39/46), 100 % (46/46), 100 % (38/38) and 100 % (27/27), respectively. Undetectable HCV RNA were observed in all of the patients with HCV RNA assessable 4 weeks (SVR4, 18/18) and 12 weeks (SVR12, 12/12) post treatment. None of the 18 patients who completed the 12-week treatment experienced relapse during post-treatment follow-up. The most common adverse event was fatigue (78.3 %), followed by pruritus (65.2 %) and dizziness (52.2 %), of which were considered as ribavirin related. None of the participating subjects withdrew treatment or follow-up throughout the trial peroid. Three serious adverse events were reported which included urosepsis, appendicitis and left ureteral stone. All were unrelated to the investigating drugs. Conclusions: 12 weeks of DCV/ASV plus ribavirin was highly effective and safe in HCV-1b patients without NS5A RAS in the interim analysis. The satisfactory results would be anticipated in the full patient set.

Solution-processable small molecules for bulk heterojunction ambipolar thin-film transistors and complementary-like inverters

Ho, Dongil,Vegiraju, Sureshraju,Choi, Donghee,Cho, Chang-Hui,Kwon, Guhyun,Huang, Po-Chun,Lee, Gene-Hsiang,Earmme, Taeshik,Yau, Shueh Lin,Chen, Ming-Chou,Kim, Choongik Elsevier 2019 Dyes and pigments Vol.163 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Solution-processable thioalkylated bithiophene derivatives with different lengths of side chains (<B>SBT-n</B>; <B>n</B> = <B>10</B>, <B>12</B>, <B>14</B>, <B>16</B>, <B>18</B>) have been synthesized and characterized as p-channel organic semiconductors for thin-film transistors (TFTs). Based on a combination of the highest performing SBT derivative (<B>SBT-14</B>) and quinoidals (<B>DTTRQ</B>s) as p- and n-channel materials, solution-processed small-molecular bulk heterojunction (BHJ) ambipolar thin-film transistors were fabricated, and the resulting devices showed air-stable and high ambipolar performance with well-balanced electron and hole mobilities as high as 0.70 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and 0.21 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. Furthermore, complementary-like inverters comprising two ambipolar thin-film transistors were demonstrated, which exhibited a high voltage gain of up to 81. Our study clearly demonstrated that side chain engineering of small molecular organic semiconductors had a significant influence on the electrical performance of TFTs and BHJ transistors, as well as complementary-like inverters.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solution-processable thioalkylated bithiophene derivatives are synthesized. </LI> <LI> Ambipolar transistors are fabricated based on bulk heterojunction small molecules. </LI> <LI> High electrical performance with carrier mobilities of 0.21–0.70 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> is achieved. </LI> <LI> Complementary-like inverters based on bulk-heterojunction transistors show high transfer gain of 81. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Can Elderly Patients with Severe Mitral Regurgitation Benefit from Trans-catheter Mitral Valve Repair?

Ching-Wei Lee,Shih-Hsien Sung,Wei-Ming Huang,Yi-Lin Tsai,Hsiang-Yao Chen,Chiao-Po Hsu,Chun-Che Shih,Kuo-Piao Chung 대한심장학회 2019 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.49 No.6

Background and ObjectivesAge is a traditional risk factor for open-heart surgery. The efficacy and safety of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair, using MitraClip (Abbott Vascular), has been demonstrated in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Since octogenarians or older patients are usually deferred to receive open-heart surgery, the main interest of this study is to elucidate the procedural safety and long-term clinical impact of MitraClip in elderly patients. MethodsPatients with symptomatic severe MR were evaluated by the heart team. For those with high or prohibitive surgical risks, transcatheter mitral valve repair was performed in hybrid operation room. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), blood tests, and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed before, 1-month, 6-months, and 1 year after index procedure. ResultsA total of 46 consecutive patients receiving MitraClip procedure were enrolled. Nineteen patients (84.2±4.0 years) were over 80-year-old and 27 (73.4±11.1 years) were younger than 80. Compare to baseline, the significant reduction in MR severity was achieved after the procedure and sustained. All the patients benefited from significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) increased from 259±114 to 319±92 meters (p=0.03) at 1 year. The overall 1-year survival rate was 80% in the elderly and 88% in those <80 years, p=0.590. Baseline 6MWT was a predictor for all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.982–0.999; p=0.026) after the MitraClip procedure. ConclusionsTrans-catheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repairs are safe and have positive clinical impact in subjects with severe MR, even in advanced age.

Switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) or Other Oral Antiviral Therapy (OAV) to Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) in Virally Suppressed CHB Patients with Hepatic Impairment

( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Young-Suk Lim ),( Pietro Lampertico ),( Ho Bae ),( Wan-Long Chuang ),( Jeong Heo ),( Yi-Hsiang Huang ),( Aric Josun Hui ),( Chun-Yen Lin ),( Claire Fournier ),( Chien-Hung Chen ),( 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: TAF, a novel tenofovir (TFV) prodrug, has greater plasma stability, more targeted delivery of TFV to hepatocytes, and reduced circulating levels of TFV compared to TDF. We evaluated efficacy and safety when virally suppressed CHB (Chronic Hepatitis B) patients with hepatic impairment were switched to TAF. Methods: In this Phase 2 study (NCT03180619) CHB patients with a ChildTurcottePugh (CTP) score of ³7 and £12 at screening (or past history of CTP ³7 and any score £12 at screening) who were taking TDF and/or other OAVs for ³48 weeks, with HBV DNA <LLOQ for ³24 weeks and <20 IU/mL at screening were eligible. All patients were switched to TAF 25 mg QD and treated for 96 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were proportion with HBV DNA <20 IU/mL and graded adverse events (AEs)/lab abnormalities at Week 24. Results: 31 patients were enrolled at 18 sites in 7 countries. At baseline, 19 (61%), 9 (29%) and 3 (10%) were CTP Class A, B, or C, respectively. Median age was 57 y (19% ³65 y), 68% male, 81% Asian, 90% HBeAg-negative, median fibrotest score 0.81, and median eGFR_CG 98 mL/min; up to 48% had low BMD at hip and/or spine, and 68% had prior TDF exposure. Key efficacy/safety results at Week 24 are summarized in the Table. All patients had HBV DNA <20 IU/mL and a high proportion had normal ALT. Switching to TAF resulted in increases in hip/spine BMD, decreases in bone turnover markers, an increase in eGFR_CG with decreases in tubular markers. TAF was well tolerated with few having Grade 3 or 4 AEs (2 patients) and no discontinuations for and AE. ^aHBV DNA results are missing=failure. ^bALT normal is the proportion with ALT ≤ULN at Week 48, regardless of baseline ALT level; ^cULN 35 U/L males, 25 U/L females; ^dPatients with ALT >ULN at baseline; ^eHBeAg-positive at baseline. ^fSerum C-type collagen sequence (bone resorption marker); ^gSerum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (bone formation marker); ^hUrine retinol binding protein/creatinine (tubular marker); ⁱUrine beta-2 microglobulin/creatinine (tubular marker). BMD, bone mineral density by DXA scan; sCr, serum creatinine; PO₄, serum phosphorus; eGFR_CG, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault method) Conclusions: In CHB patients with hepatic impairment switched to TAF from TDF or other OAVs, viral suppression was well maintained and improved bone and renal safety was seen at Week 24.