회동호의 수질과 식물플랑크톤

손진언,이영식,김상구,류동춘,정종문,류재익 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.1

Environmental factors of Quality were Temperature, pH, DO, COD, NH₄^(+)-N, No₂^(-)-N, NO₃^(-)-N, PO₄^(3-)-P, transparency and Chl-a. The values range were 3.3-31℃, 7.0-9.3, 8.0-16.8mg/l, 2.9-6.5mg/l, 0.0l-0.8mg/l, 0.0l-0.15mg/l, 0.8-3.7mg/1, 0.01-0.l7mg/l, 0.5-2.0m, 3.1-49.8mg/l, respectively. The phytoplankton are identified as 170taxa, and the order of appearing frequency is as following; Chlorophyceae, Bacillaripphyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae. The causative species of red tide were identified as Microcystis aeruginosa, Trachellomonas hispida, Ceratium hirundinella,' Peridinium, Melosira italica, Staurastrum dorsidentiferum var. ornatum. Minimum Standing crops of algae cell was 728 cell/ml at point 4 on December and Maximum Standing crops of algae cell was 4.68×106 cell/ml at point 2 on August. Dominance species are Cyclotella glomerata and Microcystis aeruginosa during winter to spring season and summer to autumn.

Effects of gender and gonadectomy on growth and plasma cholesterol levels in pigs

Chong-Eon Lee,Nam-Young Kim,Kyu-Il Kim 한국영양학회 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.1

We conducted two studies to determine the effect of gender, gonadectomy (GDX) on growth and plasma cholesterol levels in pigs. In experiment 1, five sham-operated and five GDX female Landrace pigs (26 ㎏) were allowed to have free access to water and feed up to market weight (approximately 100 ㎏). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded biweekly, and daily body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency (gain/feed) were calculated during the feeding period. In experiment 2, 10 male (26 ㎏) and 10 female (26 ㎏) Landrace pigs were used; five male and five female pigs were assigned to sham-operated or GDX. Pigs were allowed to have free access to water and a diet without added cholesterol (Table 1) until they were 6 months old (male 104 and female 98 ㎏) and thereafter they were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (Table 1) containing 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% cholate for 10 days. GDX of female pigs increased average daily gain (P<0.05), compared with their sham-operated counterparts during the growing-finishing period, but had no effect (P>0.05) on feed efficiency. Plasma cholesterol levels in pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 10 days were much higher (P<0.05) in females than in males (161 vs 104 ㎎/100 mL plasma), and were increased by GDX only in male pigs. HDL-cholesterol/LDL+VLDL-cholesterol ratio appeared to be higher in males than in females, and was not influenced by GDX in either sex. Results suggested that the lower growth rate of female pigs than their male counterparts is attributable to the ovarian activity, and the lower plasma cholesterol level in male than in female pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet is due to the testicular activity.

Nutritional characteristics of horsemeat in comparison with those of beef and pork

Lee, Chong-Eon,Seong, Pil-Nam,Oh, Woon-Young,Ko, Moon-Suck,Kim, Kyu-Il,Jeong, Jae-Hong The Korean Nutrition Society 2007 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.1 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics of horsemeat and bone meal in comparison with those of beef and pork presented by Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Longissimus muscle and large metacarpal bone samples were collected from 20 fattened Jeju horses. Muscle samples were subjected to proximate analysis, assays for fatty acid profile and minerals, and bone samples to mineral assays. Horsemeal had similar levels of protein (21.1 vs 21.0 or 21.1%) and lower levels of fat (6.0 vs 14.1 or 16.1%) compared with beef or pork, respectively. Horsemeat had much higher levels of palmitoleic (8.2 vs 4.4 or 3.3%) and $\alpha-linolenic$ (1.4 vs 0.1 or 0.6%) acids than beef or pork, respectively. Linoleic acid was much higher in horsemeat (11.1%) and pork (10.1%) than in beef (1.6%). PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios in horsemeat were 0.29 and 10.2, respectively. There were no big differences in mineral contents between horsemeat, beef and pork. For daily recommended mineral intakes of male adults (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper can be provided up to 24, 2.5, 6.7, 21, 26 and 40%, respectively, by 100 g raw horsemeat, but calcium and manganese levels are negligible. Horse cannon bone had much higher mineral contents especially in calcium (10,193 mg/100 g), phosphorus (5,874 mg/100 g) and copper (0.79 mg/100 g). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and retinol contents were 0.20, 0.21, 1.65 mg/100 g and $30{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. But ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were not detected. Our data demonstrated that higher levels of palmitoleic and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid in horsemeat than in beef and pork may be beneficial for human health. Horsemeat and bone meal are a good source of some minerals and vitamins.

단위가축영양 : 말에서 사료 급여 수준이 분 젖산 생산 박테리아 및 pH 변화에 미치는 영향

이종언 ( Chong Eon Lee ),김남영 ( Nam Young Kim ),박남건 ( Nam Geon Park ),오운용 ( Woon Young Oh ),정하연 ( Ha Yeun Cheong ),좌재호 ( Jae Ho Joa ) 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2010 한국축산학회지 Vol.52 No.2

말 방목에 의한 제주조릿대의 생육특성 및 사료 가치 평가

이종언(Chong Eon Lee),김현철(Hyun Cheol Kim),황경준(Kyung Joon Whang),박남건(Nam Geon Park),김남영(Nam Young Kim),오운용(Woon Young Oh) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 제주조릿대의 성장단계별 영양소함량을 분석하고 말에서의 소화율을 검정하여 말 사료자원으로써의 활용가치를 평가하고, 제주조릿대 군락지 내 말 방목에 따른 제주조릿대의 생산성, 생육특성, 주변 식생의 변화 등을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 제주조릿대를 구초(1년생)와 신초 (당년생)의 성장단계로 분류하여 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 무기물 함량을 분석했다. 제주마 5두를 이용 제주조릿대 구초와 신초의 전분채취법을 이용한 외관상 소화율을 검정했다. 제주조릿대 자연 군락지 내에 말 2두를 2년 동안 4회에 걸쳐 방목하면서 생육특성, 생산량을 조사했다. 제주조릿대의 조단백질 함량 (DM 기준)이 구초 줄기와 잎에서 각각 4.8±0.4, 12.2±1.1%, 신초 줄기와 잎에서는 각각 8.0±0.8, 16.6±1.0%로 나타났다. 일반 목초류에 비해 제주조릿대의 Fe, Mn, Zn 함량이 특이적으로 높았다. 제주조릿대의 외관상 건물 소화율은 구초와 신초에서 각각 36.4±0.8, 47.2±1.2%로 신초가 구초보다 소화율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 말 방목 이전에 비해 방목을 거듭할수록 제주조릿대 초장 (86.9 vs 33.1 ㎝), 엽장 (19.3 vs 16.0 ㎝), 엽폭 (5.3 vs 3.7㎝) 등이 감소하였으며, 이에 따른 생산량 및 밀도 (145.6 vs 52.8개/㎡)도 줄어들었다. 본 연구 결과, 제주조릿대는 사료가치가 양호하여 사료자원으로의 활용이 가능하나, 방목이 지속될수록 세력이 약화되어 생산량 및 밀도가 감소하고 있어 이용 방법에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다. This study was conducted to evaluate the feed value and growth characteristics of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai by horse grazing in the woodland of Jeju. Crude protein (CP), NDF, ADF and minerals contents at different growth stages of Sasa quelpaertensis were analyzed. The apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, NDF and ADF were determined by total collection method using 5 Jeju horses. The yield and growth characteristics of S. quelpaertensis Nakai by horse grazing were investigated. CP contents in the currentand the previous-year-sprouted leaves of S. quelpaertenisis were 16.6 ± 1.0% and 12.2 ± 1.1%, respectively. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF in the current-year-sprouted leaves of S. quelpaertenisis were 47.2±1.2, 67.8±1.0, 47.0±1.3 and 47.1±1.1%, respectively. The current-year-sprouted S. quelpaertenisis tended to have high nutritional values and digestibilities compared to those of the previous-year-sprouted. The dry matter yield, plant length, leaf width and density of S. quelpaertensis Nakai were clearly decreased by horse grazing. These results show that considering the feed value and growth characteristics, the natural S. quelpaertenisis Nakai can be used as a feed source for horses.

제주지역 말 방목 초지의 혼파조합별 생산성 및 채식율 변화

이종언(Chong Eon Lee),박남건(Nam Geon Park),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),오운용(Woon Yong Oh),고문석(Moon Suck Ko),김동훈(Dong Hun Kim),강동희(Dong Hee Kang) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 제주지역에서 말 방목에 적합한 혼파조합을 선발하기 위해 해발 450m에 위치한 한국마사회 경주마육성목장에서 티모시, 오차드그라스, 페레니얼 라이그라스 화본과 위주초종으로 혼파 파종하여 2년 간 말(더러브렛)을 방목하면서 목초생산성, 식생변화 및 채식율 변화 등을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 연간총 건물생산량은 1, 2차년도에 관계없이 혼파조합 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 시기별에 따라 생산량 차이를 보였다. 식생은 페레니얼 라이그라스가 봄철 크게 우점현상을 보였으나 여름철에는 하고 현상으로 식생구성이 낮게 나타났다. 방목 첫 해 티모시는 식생비율이 낮았으나, 그 후에는 연중 적절한 식생 구성을 보였다. 채식율은 티모시 주초종에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 식물체 NDF, ADF, Ca 및 P 함량은 처리 간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과 제주지역(해발 400m 내외)에서 티모시 주초종(ha 당 티모시 20, 오차드그리스 5, 페레니얼 라이그라스 5, 화이트클로버 2㎏)의 혼파조합은 시기별 생산성과 기호성을 고려할 때 말 방목초지로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. A study was conducted over two years to determine the temperate mixtures of grasses for grazing horses in Jeju, Korea. The experiment field located at 450 m altitude (Jeju Horse Training Center of Korea Racing Association) was divided into 3 different mixtures plots (3 replications) without a fence between treatments, and sown by three main grasses (orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and timothy). Seven castrated adult horses were kept on pasture from the middle of April to the end of November without supplementary concentrates. The dry matter yield, percentage of grasses intake and botanical composition were determined during the grazing period. Nutrients in grasses and soils were analyzed. The dry matter yield during two-year experimental period was not different among mixtures (11,000-12,000 ㎏/ha/year). In botanical composition, perennial ryegrass was dominant in all mixtures during spring through early summer season, but faded away during hot summer season. Timothy seemed to be more resistant against a hot or dry weather than other grasses. The percentage of grasses intakes was higher in the mixture of timothy than those in other mixtures. The contents of NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) were not different among different mixtures. These results indicate that the mixture of timothy, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and white clover (20, 5, 5, 2 ㎏/ha as a seeding rate) can be used for grazing pasture of horses in the high altitude of Jeju.

인슐린 분비성 취도세포선암과 임신 - 정상 분만을 한 1 예

이종무 ( Chong Moo Lee ),민병석 ( Byong Sok Min ),이광우 ( Kwang Woo Lee ),이광언 ( Kwang Eon Rhee ),방병기 ( Byung Ki Bang ),심규식 ( Kyu Sik Shim ),최의진 ( Euy Jin Choi ),김인철 ( In Chul Kim ) 대한내과학회 1982 대한내과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

제주지역 목장 토양 및 조사료 자원의 미량광물질 함량 평가

이종언(Chong-Eon Lee),박명희(Myung-Hee Park),박남건(Nam-Keon Park),박형수(Hyung-Soo Park),오운용(Woon-Yong Oh) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

A study was conducted to determine the trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mo, Se, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni) levels in pasture soils and forages collected in Jeju area. Chemical characteristics and total or soluble trace minerals levels in 187 pasture soil samples (76 very dark brown and 111 black soils) were measured. Total trace minerals contents in hay samples of 60 Italian ryegrass, alfalfa and mixture grasses each were assessed. The pasture soils of Jeju were characterized to have low pH (5.1) and to contain low levels of available P₂O? (20.5 ㎎/㎏) and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Na (2.6, 0.9, 0.5, 0.2 cmol+/kg, respectively) when comparing to upland soils of Jeju or Korean mainland. All trace elements in total or soluble analysis of pasture soils were detected, and there was a big difference between total and soluble levels. The pasture soils tended to have the higher total Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn contents. Cr in all forages was not detected, but other trace minerals levels showed normal range. The hay samples of Italian ryegrass and mixture grasses produced in Jeju tended to contain higher Mn (105 vs 23 ㎎/㎏) and lower Mo (2.7 vs 4.9 ㎎/㎏) than those of alfalfa hay imported from USA. Results show that trace minerals of pasture soils and forages in Jeju seem to be not deficient, indicating that supplementation of some trace minerals are not always necessary in diets for grazing animals and should be done after careful evaluation of diets with regard to concentrations and biological availability of essential elements. 본 연구는 제주지역 목장 토양 및 조사료 자원의 미량광물질 함량을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 제주지역 98 목장에서 187 토양시료(농암갈색 76, 흑색 111) 및 말 농가에서 활용되고 있는 이탈리안라이그라스 건초, 혼합목초건초, 수입 알팔파 건초 각 60 시료를 채취해서 분석했다. 토양시료는 화학특성(pH, 유효인산, 치환성 양이온 함량)과 미량광물질(Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mo, Se, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni) 총 함량 및 가용성 함량이 분석되었고, 조사료 시료는 미량광물질 총 함량이 분석되었다. 토양의 pH는 전체적으로 산성을 띄고 있었다(pH 5.1). 목장 토양 유효인산은 20.5 ㎎/㎏, 치환성 Ca, Mg, K, Na은 각각 2.6, 0.9, 0.5, 0.2 c㏖+/㎏으로 낮게 나타나고 있다. 목장 토양 미량광물질 중 총 함량이나 가용성 함량 모두에서 검출되지 않은 원소는 없었다. 토양 미량광물질 총 함량에 비해 가용성 함량은 매우 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 토양 미량광물질 중 Fe 총 함량이 가장 높고, Mn, Ni, Zn 총 함량도 다소 높게 나타났다. 부분적으로 토양 무기물 간 상관이 높았다. 조사료 자원에서 Cr은 검출되지 않았다. 기타 미량광물질 함량은 수입 알팔파 건초와 제주지역에서 생산된 건초 모두 일반적인 범위를 보여주었다. 그러나 제주지역에서 생산된 건초가 수입 알팔파 건초보다 Mn 함량(105 vs 23 ㎎/㎏)은 높고 Mo 함량(2.7 vs 4.9 ㎎/㎏)은 낮은 수준을 보였다. 본 연구결과 제주지역 목장 토양은 대부분 산성을 나타내고 양분 함량도 낮게 나타나고 있다. 제주지역 목장 토양 및 조사료에서 특정 미량광물질이 결핍되어 있는 것으로 보이지 않는다. 따라서 가축에게 미량광물질 첨가제의 보충급여는 사양형태나 사료 미량광물질의 함량 및 이용도 등을 고려하여 결정해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

A Study on a Differential-Measurement Biosensor Using High Performance Extended-Gate Field-Effect-Transistors with TiO₂ Sensing Membranes

Lee, In-Kyu,Bae, Tae-Eon,Lau, Hui-Chong,Lim, Jeong-Ok,Cho, Won-Ju American Scientific Publishers 2014 Sensor letters Vol.12 No.6

흰쥐의 신경병증성 통증모델에서 양측 경부교감신경절제가 기계적 이질통과 냉각 이질통에 미치는 영향

박종민,김창성,이재민,이윤기,문동언,양내윤,김성년,최진환 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.2

Background : The pathophysiologic mechanism of the neuropathic pain is still unclear. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of bilateral cervical sympathectomy on allodynia and the relationship of neuropathic pain with sympathetic nerve system of supraspinal level in rats experiencing neuropathic pain. Methods : Neuropathic pain was produced by tight ligating the left 5th and 6th lumbar spinal nerves of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mechanical allodynia was quantified by measuring the foot withdrawal frequency to stimuli with two von Frey filaments of 14.5 mN and 53.9 mN applied to the affected left hind paw, and cold allodynia was quantified with the same manner using 100% acetone. We divided the neuropathic pain models into experimental group (bilateral cervical sympathectomy) and control group (sham operation), and then measured the foot withdrawal frequency 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. Results : In experimental group, the foot withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli with 14.5 and 53.9 mN of von Frey filament and cold stimuli with 100% acetone was significantly lower than that of control group for all postoperative observation points. Also, the experimental group showed decrease in foot withdrawal frequency compared with preoprative value over the course of the study. Conclusions : Bilateral cervical sympathectomy reduced mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia in the rat model of neuropathic pain suggesting that neuropathic pain, although the lesions are localized in low extremities, may be correlated with functional disturbance of sympathetic nerve fibers of supraspinal or brain level and help explain the mechanism of neuropathic pain. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 327∼334)