[지역뉴스 부문_제128회 이달의 방송기자상] 모순된 현실을 바로잡기 위한 시작 : 〈‘공공임대 아파트는 건설사 먹잇감?’ 연속보도〉 2019년 4월 19일~5월 13일 보도 KBS대구 이재민, 박순고, 전민재, 신상응 기자

이재민 (사)방송기자연합회 2019 방송기자 Vol.49 No.-

젊은 성인에서 대인관계문제 및 신체불만족이 자살사고에 미치는 영향

이재민,김정란,왕성근,지익성,Lee, Jae-Min,Kim, Jeong-Lan,Wang, Seong-Keun,Chee, Ik-Seung 대한불안의학회 2014 대한불안의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between interpersonal problems, body dissatisfaction, and suicidal idea. Methods : Two hundred ninety-four participants filled out the self-reporting questionnaires : Body dissatisfaction was measured with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (BDDE-SR) ; Interpersonal problems was measured with Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problem (KIIP) ; Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) was used to assess suicidal idea. A path analysis was conducted to identify the impact of interpersonal problems and body dissatisfaction on the suicidal ideas. Results : 'Socially inhibited (KIIP_C4)', 'overly-accommodating (KIIP_C6)', age, and gender had a direct effect on their body dissatisfaction, and those factors had a indirect effect on the suicidal ideas. Also, 'cold (KIIP_C3)' and body dissatisfaction had a direct effect on the suicidal ideas. Conclusions : These findings can help to identify how interpersonal problems and body dissatisfaction influence the suicidal ideas of people. It would be useful to consider and assess suicidal ideas in the patients with 'cold (KIIP_C3)', 'socially inhibited (KIIP_C4)', 'overly-accommodating (KIIP_C6)'.

투자분쟁해결절차에서의 간접수용의 개념 ― NAFTA에서의 미국의 경험을 중심으로 ―

이재민 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2012 서울법학 Vol.20 No.2

The ISDS procedure and indirect expropriation are the two most controversial subjects in Korea in the context of the Korea‐U.S. FTA. Criticism has been raised that these two concepts are designed to undermine the national sovereignty. However, when the cases of NAFTA Chapter 11 (Investment Chapter) are thoroughly examined, it may be understood that these concerns, although understandable, are largely overblown. First of all, it has become quite common that states are subject to the jurisdiction of the international courts of many different jurisdictions. The ICJ, WTO, and Investment Tribunals are all good examples. The fact that one government is brought to an international legal proceeding by another government or by a foreign investor is not surprising or remarkable in and by itself. Therefore, the introduction of the ISDS procedure, without more, does not necessarily encroach upon the regulatory authority or judicial sovereignty of the government of the host state. The decisions of the NAFTA investment tribunals have underscored this aspect of the issue over the years. Likewise, the concept of indirect expropriation is in fact a quite narrow concept. It is only implicated when the governmental measure of the host state tantamount to or equivalent to direct expropriation. It is not sufficient to show that a foreign investor has been negatively affected by a governmental measure or has suffered financial losses as a result of the measure. Instead, the foreign investor must show that the measure at issue should be regarded as almost the same as direct expropriation as if the total value of its assets has been gone. The NAFTA precedents on indirect expropriation have clarified this point in many different contexts and in many different voices. Based on these discussions on NAFTA, it may be a better alternative for contracting parties of FTA and /or BIT to include more specific and concrete terms to designate the concept of indirect expropriation. For instance, the term “disguised measure” could be used in this regard. In other words, indirect expropriation may be defined as a measure which is considered to be a “disguised” measure to achieve the objective of direct expropriation. The term “disguised” has been used in the trade agreements and investment agreements already. Thus, the general consensus concerning the term may equally apply to the indirect expropriation context as well. 최근 한미 FTA 체결 및 비준과 관련하여 ISDS 절차와 간접수용 문제에 대한 문제가 우리 국내의 비상한 관심을 끌어오고 있다. 우리 기업의 외국 투자와 외국 기업의 한국 투자가 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 이와 관련된 분쟁발생 자체를 회피할 수는 없을 것이다. FTA나 BIT가 아니더라도 외국인 투자자와 한국 정부간 또는 한국 투자자와 외국 정부간 분쟁은 장기적으로 증가할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 그렇다면 보다 합리적인 선택은 정부의 제소 가능성 자체에 대한 문제제기보다는 구체적 절차에서 우리 정부와 투자자의 권익보호가 효과적으로 이루어지는가 하는 점에 초점을 맞추어야 할 것이다. 즉, 우리 정부가 부당한 제소의 대상이 되지 않고 일단 중재절차가 개시되었을 경우 우리 정부의 입장이 최대한 반영될 수 있도록, 그리고 외국 기업의 부당한 조치에 대항하는 한국 투자자의 권익을 충분히 보장할 수 있도록 제도적 장치를 협정문에 포함시키는 작업이 보다 현실적인 대안이라고 할 것이다. NAFTA 협정에 따른 ISDS 분쟁해결 사례들을 살펴보면 이러한 측면을 파악할 수 있다. 마찬가지로 간접수용 문제도 이와 유사한 맥락에서 접근할 필요가 있다. 간접수용 문제가 분명 우리 법제와의 합치성 문제 등 다양한 새로운 문제를 제기하고 있는 것은 분명하나 이 제도가 과연 우리나라의 사법주권이나 정책주권을 침해하는 효과가 있는지는 의문이다. NAFTA 분쟁에서 발전된 미국과 캐나다의 법리를 보더라도 이 법리는 남용의 가능성을 차단하기 위하여 상당히 구체화, 체계화되어 오고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 간접수용 문제 자체를 국가주권에 대한 침해문제로 보는 입장은 다소 현재의 국제사회의 논의와는 유리되어 있다고 할 수 있을 것이다. NAFTA 투자분쟁해결절차에서 검토된 간접수용 분쟁을 살펴보면 실체적, 절차적으로 정당한 정책에 대하여 투자유치국 정부 패소 판정이 내려진 경우는 찾아보기 힘들다고 하겠다. 즉, 이러한 NAFTA 판정들은 간접수용 법리가 각국이 자국의 환경보호수준 등을 결정할 주권적 권리를 부인하는 것은 아니며, 다만 명목상의 정책목표에도 불구하고 실제 의도가 외국인 투자자에 대한 차별적 대우이며 재산권의 박탈인 경우에만 간접수용 문제가 제기된다는 점을 시사하고 있다. 이러한 부분을 보다 명확히 하기 위하여 지금과 같이 간접수용의 다양한 기준을 단지 제시하고 이를 중재판정부가 개별적으로 판단하도록 대폭적인 재량권을 위임하는 형태를 지양하고, 대신 통상협정과 투자협정에 흔히 사용되는 개념을 차용하여 간접수용 여부를 평가하도록 하면 간접수용과 관련하여 제기되는 우려와 혼선을 어느 정도 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 가령, 간접수용이란 직접수용을 달성하기 위한 “위장된 조치”라는 점을 명확히 하여 협정문에 관련 문구를 구체적으로 포함시킬 경우 최소한 현재와 같이 간접수용의 개념에 대하여 제기되는 다양한 해석과 변형사례는 줄일 수 있을 것이다. “위장된 조치”의 개념에 관해서는 이미 통상협정과 투자협정의 다양한 맥락에서 검토되고 논의되어 오고 있으므로 이와 유사한 법리를 여기에서도 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

인터넷을 이용한 홈뱅킹 소프트 웨어 모델의 개발

이재민 관동대학교 1998 산학연컨소시엄 연구개발과제집 Vol.1997(5) No.-

相計關稅 調査에 있어 外國 政府의 自國 金融機關에 대한 "委任 및 指示(Entrustment or Direction)"에 관한 考察 : 미국 통상법과 미 상무성 실무를 중심으로

李在珉 법무부 2003 통상법률 Vol.- No.54

Unlike any other unfair trade investigations, a countervailing duty("CVD") investigation is quite intrusive since, by nature, the core of the CVD investigation is to review a foreign government's practice and policy. Such intrusiveness is particularly evident when the investigation is focused on a so-called "indirect" subsidy, where the focus of the investigation is not a specific, visible provision of an illegal subsidy, but rather the financial or social system of a country in general. "Entrustment or direction" provision contained in Article 1.1 of the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures("SCM Agreement") is introduced to address this highly volatile "indirect" subsidy issue, and the application of that provision in actual CVD investigation inherently invites confusion and conflicts. The "entrustment or direction" provision is designed to deal with a situation, where a foreign government "entrusts or directs" a private entity in its own country to provide financial contribution to a foreign company, thereby conferring an indirect subsidy on the company. The "entrustment or direction" provision in the U.S. trade law was adopted in conformity with the WTO SCM Agreement, and has suddenly become the focus of the bilateral trade relation in the aftermath of the recent CVD investigations against the Korean DRAM industry. Since the U.S. Department of Commerce("Commerce Department") has a great deal of discretion in a CVD investigation under the U.S. law, an analysis of "entrustment or direction" is also subject to the Commerce Department's wide discretion. The basic problem with this provision lies in the ambiguous and subjective nature of the inquiry. WTO jurisprudence states that the "entrustment or direction" by a government does not simply mean that a government merely intervenes in the financial market or encourages certain actions. Rather, it requires an affirmative action on the part of the government. This rule also apply in the U.S. law. Relevant U.S. statutes and the Commerce Department's own interpretation also agree that there must be some sort of concrete action on the part of a foreign government to trigger a subsidy finding under this provision. In reality, however, the Commerce Department significantly relies on circumstantial evidence gathered through second-hand sources, rather than direct evidence showing an affirmative government action. In other words, instead of showing "entrustment or direction" based on direct evidence, as required under the U.S. law, the Commerce Department sometimes collects indirect evidence and presents a "silhouette" of the government entrustment and direction. Needless to say, it is true that it is not easy for the Commerce Department to get access to direct evidence, which can prove a foreign government's affirmative direction of the private entities in its own territory, since such evidence is usually located in the foreign country. Nonetheless, under the law, the Commerce Department has the obligation to present direct evidence to prove "entrustment or direction," in addition to indirect or circumstantial evidence. This is a reasonable burden on the Commerce Department given the ambiguous and intrusive nature of the "entrustment or direction" inquiry. This "affirmative evidence" principle is also supported by the jurisprudence of U.S. federal courts in the judicial review of Commerce Department determinations. Although the U.S. federal courts usually respect a decision of an agency, which falls under the jurisdiction of the agency, under the so-called "substantial evidence" standard, that standard does not mean that the reviewing federal court should uphold any agency determination simply because the agency provides "some" evidence to support its decision. Rather, the substantial evidence rule means that the reviewing federal court should determine whether the agency decision can be supported "through a balanced review of the whole materials and evidence on the record." Put differently, a selective review of one category of evidence does not meet even the highly deferential "substantial evidence" standard of the U.S. federal court. Although it varies case-by-case, mere accumulation of circumstantial evidence without direct evidence, coupled with equal amount of conflicting circumstantial evidence and even direct evidence, usually cannot survive the "substantial evidence" standard. At the same time, under the U.S. law the Commerce Department has the obligation to affirmatively prove the existence of the three elements of a subsidy: financial contribution by a government, benefit, and specificity. However, in the actual investigation, the Commerce Department sometimes imposes the burden of proof on the respondent government or company, asking them to prove "absence" of any of the elements. The shift of burden of proof not only creates a significant burden on the respondent government and company, but also its legitimacy is highly questionable, because the statutes and regulation collectively show that it is the Commerce Department that has to prove the existence of the elements. Comprehensive and accurate understanding of the U.S. trade law would provide a potent weapon for the Korean government and companies in defending their interests in future CVD investigations by the Commerce Department involving "entrustment or direction" by the Korean government.

육군병사의 성(性)적침해 인식이 인권교육 효과성에 미치는 영향

이재민 한국치안행정학회 2022 한국치안행정논집 Vol.19 No.4

This paper examined how the army soldier’s consciousness of sexual infringement influence on the effectiveness of human right education to enhance the effectiveness of human right education for the army soldiers on the sexual infringement issue. This paper conducted a survey on army soldiers in service and analyzed the survey data based on a statistical technique to identify the actual state and suggest the measures to improve the human right education. Although human right is the fundamental right for all human beings, the soldiers have limited human rights in numbers of aspects. Especially, South Korean security is seriously threatened by 70 years of North and South division and geopolitical position adjacent to Japan and China. In such situation, South Korea performs a compulsory military service system to protect South Korea from the unstable security situation. To solve the threats to the human rights of army soldiers, Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) gave human right educations since 2010s but they weren’t effective enough. The results of statistical analysis on the data from 2019 survey of soldier’s human right and how the human right education satisfaction is affected by the consciousness on sexual infringement among the consciousness in human rights were as follows. Neither result was meaningful, but it proved that human rights education in the army needs to be improved because it did not show the effectiveness of the current human rights education in the military. It is necessary to improve the existing human right education and provide the small group-type or experience-type human right education in order to solve such problems and enhance human rights sensitivity. In response, this paper suggested on utilizing both military officers and external civilian instructors for the human right education. 이 연구는 육군 병사의 성적 침해 인식이 인권교육 효과성에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써 성적침해 문제에 대하여 육군 사병의 인권교육의 효과성을 향상시키기 위한 목적의 연구이다. 이 연구의 완성을 위하여 현재 복무 중인 육군 병사를 대상으로 설문조사하여 얻어진 자료를 통계적 기법으로 분석하여 실태를 파악하고 인권교육 개선방안을 제시하였다. 인권은 인간의 인간적으로 살기 위한 기본적인 권리지만 군은 이러한 인권에 대하여 많은 제한을 두고 있다. 특히, 우리나라의 경우 지난 70년간 남북분단과 일본·중국과 함께 있는 지정학적 위치로 인하여 안보가 심각하게 위협받고 있는 상황에 부족한 안보상황을 보완하기 위하여 징병제로 우리나라를 보호 하고 있다. 그 결과, 많은 군 장병들의 인권이 침해받고 있었다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 2010년대 이후부터 인권교육을 받았으나, 효과는 크지 않았다. 2019년 군인권 실태 조사를 통하여 얻어진 설문자료를 이용하여 통계적 기법으로 분석한 결과, 인권의식 중 성적침해 인식이 인권교육 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 두 결과 모두 의미있다는 결과가 도출되지는 않았으나, 현재의 군 내 인권교육의 효과성을 보여주지 못해 육군 내 인권교육의 개선이 필요하다는 것을 증명하였다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 기존 인권교육을 개선하여 인권교육이 소그룹 형태나 체험형 교육으로 이루어짐으로써 인권감수성을 높일 필요가 있다. 인권교육을 내부 지휘관만이 아닌 외부 민간강사들을 활용하는 방안을 제안하였다.

광범위 자궁적출술에서 혈장 대치제에 따른 혈전탄성묘사도에 대한 영향 평가

이재민,이윤기,주진,박철수 대한마취통증의학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.50 No.3

Background: Various plasma substitutes are used for the correction of hypovolemia caused by blood loss. It is known that plasma substitutes themselves have some adverse effects on blood coagulation. We performed this study to show the actual effect of plasma substitutes on blood coagulation in clinical hypovolemic situation caused by blood loss. Methods: 60 patients scheduled for radical hysterectomy were grouped by the plasma substitutes infused; group C, S, V and P correspondingly infused with Hartman's solution, SalinhesⓇ, VoluvenⓇ and PentaspanⓇ. Thromboelastograms (TEG) at 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia (T0), after 15% blood loss of the estimated blood volume (T1) and just after infusion of the plasma substitutes (T2) were compared among the groups and changes with the time course within each group were investigated. Results: Compared to group C, MA, A60, coagulation index, CL60 (parameters of TEG) were decreased and LY60 increased in group S and P while group V presented no significant changes. Hypercoagulability and reduced fibrinolysis were observed for T1; for T2, group C showed decrease in k-time, LY60 and increase in α angle, CL60. Group S presented decrease in MA, A60 compared to T0 and decrease in CL60 and increase in LY60. Conclusions: Surgery and blood loss accelerated coagulation and reduced fibrinolysis. These were aggravated after crystalloid infusion. In contrast, coagulability was reduced and fibrinolysis augmented after infusion of HES except HES 130/0.4/6. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 50: 278~84)

사회경제적 여건 변화에 따른 교통수요의 변화 분석

이재민 한국교통연구원 2010 交通硏究 Vol.17 No.4

This study is to find the relations between travel demand changes and socio-economic factors such as fuel prices, GDP, the lengths of road and railway transit etc. I use the monthly data from January 2000 to December 2009 and select the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model(ADL model) and Error Correction Model(ECM model) as an estimation method. In addition, I make use of unit root test, Granger test of causality, and cointegration test because of the time series data in use. I show that the highway travel volumes decrease with respect to fuel prices and that they increase with respect to GDP and adjusted length of highways. However, the travel volumes of railway transit in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyeonggi-do do not respond to the fuel prices sensitively. I also find that the travel volumes of railway transit in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyeonggi-do increase with respect to GDP and the length of railway transit. In addition, it is found that the Mass Transit System Change in Seoul since July 2004 increased the travel volumes of railway transit. I find that the elasticities of highway travel demand with respect to the socio-economic factors are greater than those of railway transit in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyeonggi-do. It is due to the difference of travel characteristics of these two transport modes such as inter-regional and intra-regional travel. This study has two contributions in that I analyze the effects of the socio-economic factors on the railway transit and in that I use ADL model and ECM model. 본 연구에서는 유류가격, 국내총생산, 도로연장 및 전철연장과 같은 사회경제적 변수가 교통부문 통행수요에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 분석하였다. 자기회귀시차모형(ADL 모형) 및 오차수정모형(ECM 모형)으로 2000년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 고속도로 및 수도권 전철의 통행실적 자료와 다양한 사회경제적 변수 자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 개별 변수가 월별 시계열 자료의 특성을 보유하여 시계열 분석 기법인 단위근 검정, 그랜져 인과관계 검정, 공적분 검정을 수행하였고 이를 토대로 ADL 및 ECM 모형을 적용하였다. 본 연구에 따르면 유류가격은 고속도로 통행수요를 감소시키고 있었으며 국내총생산과 차로 환산 고속도로 연장은 고속도로 통행수요를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유류가격은 인원 기준 수도권 전철 통행수요에 영향을 미치는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내총생산 및 수도권 전철연장은 수도권 전철 통행수요를 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 2004년 7월부터 시행된 서울대중교통체계 개편은 수도권 전철 통행수요를 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 전체적으로 고속도로 통행수요에 대한 사회경제적 변수의 탄력성이 수도권 전철에 대한 탄력성보다 크게 산정되었으며, 이는 지역간 통행과 지역 내 통행이라는 특성 차이에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 공헌으로는 수도권 전철 통행수요에 대한 사회경제적 효과분석을 처음으로 시도한 점이며 2가지 이상의 추정방법, ADL 모형과 ECM 모형을 이용하여 사회경제변수에 대한 탄력성을 산정하려 한 점이다.

이벤트 기반 웹서비스를 이용한 워게임 시뮬레이터 제작

이재민,김병철,김태섭,이강선,Lee, Jae-Min,Kim, Byoung-Chul,Kim, Tae-Sup,Lee, Kang-Sun 한국시뮬레이션학회 2010 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.1

As future warfare becomes network-centric, war-game simulators require high interoperability between networked forces and dynamic reconfiguration in accordance with war events. In this paper, we propose an event-driven methodology to develop dynamic war-game simulations. Federates are developed by event-driven web services. The event-driven web services consistently sense war events and response them only if they are interested. By the sense-and-response mechanism and asynchronous event processing, we are able to save simulation time. An Anti-Surface-Warfare simulator is constructed to demonstrate the methodology and suggests that event-driven web services are efficient to model and simulate warfare where numerous events are generated from hardware systems and people dispersed on the network.

차량 측후방 레이더 센서용 직사각형 도파관 안테나 설계

이재민,류홍균,우종명,구본희 한국ITS학회 2012 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.11 No.1