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Kim, Aesun,Lee, Ji Hyung,Kim, Hyung Jong,Choi, Suna,Kim, Young Un,Park, Chang Geun,Jeong, Choel Hun,Cho, Min Ju,Choi, Dong Hoon Elsevier 2018 Synthetic metals Vol.236 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Conjugated binary copolymers containing an electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) in the repeating unit have been extensively studied due to their excellent charge transport properties. Moreover, conjugated terpolymers containing a third monomer in addition to the two D and A monomers have been recognized to exhibit finely tuned properties relative to the binary D-A copolymer. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)–based conjugated regular terpolymers (CRTs) containing two different electron donor monomers were synthesized herein to exploit the advantages of the terpolymer. Two terpolymers were synthesized by using bithiophene and pyrene as third monomers. Compared to the reference copolymer, poly[3-(5-(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione] (PDPPBDT), the new terpolymers exhibited distinct physical properties, absorption properties, and electronic energy levels. The terpolymers were employed in thin film transistors (TFTs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs) and the device performance was studied. The highest mobility achieved for the TFT devices was close to 1.0 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and was obtained with the PDPPBTBDT terpolymer film as the active layer, whereas the mobilities of the TFTs employing the PDPPPYBDT and PDPPBDT polymers were relatively low. In contrast with the TFT device results, the PSC fabricated with PDPPPYBDT:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.46% due to the relatively high <I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB> and <I>J</I> <SUB>sc</SUB>. The results of this study confirmed that the use of a regular terpolymer structure permits fine adjustment of the light absorption range, the molecular energy levels, and the film morphology of the polymer, in turn influencing the device performance of TFTs or PSCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> DPP–based conjugated regular terpolymers containing two different electron donor monomers were synthesized. </LI> <LI> Compared to PDPPBDT, the new terpolymers exhibited distinct absorption properties, and electronic energy levels. </LI> <LI> The highest mobility in PDPPBTBDT-based TFT devices was close to 1.0 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The PSC fabricated with PDPPPYBDT:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM showed the highest PCE of 4.46% due to the relatively high <I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB> and <I>J</I> <SUB>sc</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Molecular surfaces of proteins based on β-shapes and Voronoi diagrams of atoms
Joonghyun Ryu,Rhohun Park,Choel-Hyung Cho,Deok-Soo Kim 한국산업응용수학회 2005 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Given the atomic complex of protein, it is important to understand the interactions among proteins. One of the approaches to the problem is to analyze the geometric structure of a protein because it is known that its geometric structure directly determines the protein functions. The molecular surface of the protein is one of the important geometric structure for the analysis of the protein. This paper presents an algorithm for precisely and efficiently computing the molecular surface of a protein using a proposed geometric construct called ß-shape based on the Voronoi diagram of atoms in the protein. Given the Voronoi diagram of atoms based on the Euclidean distance from the atom surfaces, the proposed algorithm first computes a ß-shape with an appropriate probe. Then, the molecular surface is computed by employing the blending operation on the atomic complex of the protein.
Kim, Aesun,Park, Chang Geun,Park, Su Hong,Kim, Hyung Jong,Choi, Suna,Kim, Young Un,Jeong, Choel Hun,Chae, Weon-Sik,Cho, Min Ju,Choi, Dong Hoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.21
<P>A novel conjugated terpolymer referred to as Ter-3MTTPD was successfully synthesized using 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-<I>b</I>:4,5-<I>b</I>′]dithiophene as a donor and methyl thiophene-3-carboxylate (3MT) and 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4<I>H</I>-thieno[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyrrole-4,6(5<I>H</I>)-dione (TPD) as acceptor units to investigate the effects of the terpolymer structure on the optical and electrochemical properties. The performance of an all-polymer solar cell (all-PSC) was comprehensively examined by blending the terpolymer with 2,7-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4-(selenophen-2-yl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2<I>H</I>,7<I>H</I>)-tetraone (NDI-Se). The as-cast blend film of Ter-3MTTPD:NDI-Se exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.66% in the all-PSC. This was further supported by the results of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) in Ter-3MTTPD:NDI-Se blend film states which yielded the highest PL quenching efficiency (90%) resulting from the shortest average lifetime, <I>τ</I>ave of ∼67 ps, much smaller than those of the two binary copolymer blend films (<I>e.g.</I>, <I>τ</I>ave = 194 ps and 149 ps, respectively, for Co-3MT:NDI-Se and Co-TPD:NDI-Se). In addition, for an as-cast blend film of Ter-3MTTPD:NDI-Se in the active layer, the shelf-life (∼1000 h) of the all-PSC under ambient conditions was found to be much better compared to those of PSCs based on the other two binary copolymers, Co-3MT and Co-TPD.</P>
김윤신(Yoon Shin Kim),노영만(Young Man Roh),홍승철(Seung-Cheol Hong),이철민(Choel Min Lee),전형진(Hyung Jin Jun),김종철(Jong Choel Kim),조정현(Jung Hyun Cho) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2
This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality (IAQ) in 30 public facilities from February to April, 2004 in Seoul. The collected samples are PM₁?, formaldehyde, and total suspended bacteria in indoor air and measured by the IAQ standard method of Ministry of Environment in Korea(M.E.K). As the results of the survey, the mean concentration of PM₁? was 55.19 ㎍/㎥ in indoor air and 51.15 ㎍/㎥ in outdoor air. The mean concentration of PM₁? in the Kindergarten was higher than the IAQ standards by established by M.E.K. The mean concentration of formaldehyde was 43.08 ㎍/㎥ in indoor air and 5.05 ㎍/㎥ in outdoor air, respectively. All of them were less than IAQ standards of Korea. The concentration of total suspended bacteria in the streamer room was higher than IAQ standards. The concentration of formaldehyde was different according to the year of construction of building. Total suspended bacteria in streamer room was necessary for control. Moreover, this study was for investigation a part of indoor air pollution condition in public facilities. It means that this study can"t represent for all of public facilities. Therefore, we suggest that long and middle term country plan for management of IAQ should be established through long-term and continuous investigation of IAQ condition.