http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
서울 시내 4년제 남자 대학생의 우울과 흡연량, 흡연기간, 니코틴 의존도와의 관계
박지영,박소영,이미숙,백수진,신의경,예혜련,오승진,장윤정,조혜진,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37
Background: With reports on the relation between smoking and depression appearing since 1980, it has become clear that depression is one of the psychodynamics of smoking, though there has been little or no progress made in the study of whether or not there is indeed a relation between depression and nicotine dependence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of depression on the amount and period of smoking and nicotine dependence among university man student smokers. Method: In periodical examination between 14 and 21, May, 2003, using 170 university male. The CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale and the FTQ(Fagerstrom Tolerance Qustionnaire) were utilized to measure the level of depression and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used. Result: Results indicated that depression had something to do with amount of smoking. Nicotine dependence also was related to depression but total value was relatively low. finally the period of smoking had nothing to do with depression. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of university man student smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependence were affected by levels of depression. Accordingly psychiatric nursing access such as emotional support is needed to manage depression and decrease smoking.
Hye-Ryun Cho,Kyoung Kyun Park,Euo Chang Jung,Kwang Yong Jee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2007 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.5 No.3
레이저유도파열검출 기술을 이용하여 우라늄(VI) 가수분해물의 용해도를 측정하였다. 측정 용액의 우라늄 농도 범위는 , pH 범위는 , 그리고 이온 강도는 0.1 M 이며, 온도는 로 유지하였다. 문헌에 제시된 가수분해 상수와 specific ion interaction theory(SIT)를 이용하여 이온 강도 I=0 일 때의 용해도 곱 (solubility product) 상수 를 구하였다. 동일한 시료에 대해 흡수 및 형광 스펙트럼을 측정하여 가수분해 화학종의 존재를 확인하였다. 우라늄 농도에서 용액 중에 존재하는 주요 가수분해 화학종은 와 임을 보였다. The solubility of U(VI) hydrolysis products was determined by using a laser-induced breakdown detection (LIBD) technique. The experiments were carried out at uranium concentrations in range from , pH values between 3.8 and 7.0, the constant ionic strength of 0.1 M and the temperature of . The solubility product of U(VI) hydrolysis products was calculated from LIBD results by using the hydrolysis constants selected in NEA-TDB. The solubility product extrapolated to zero ionic strength, was calculated by using a specific ion interaction theory (SIT). The spectral features of ionic species in uranium solutions were investigated by using a conventional UV-visible absorption spectrophotometer and a fluorophotometer, respectively, were dominant species at uranium concentration of .
Dissolution Behaviors of ThO2 and PuO2 in the Synthetic Groundwater Contacted With Air
Hye-Ryun Cho,Minji Kim,Sangki Cho,Hee-Kyung Kim,Wansik Cha 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1
Dissolution behaviors of ThO2(cr) and PuO2(cr) in synthetic groundwater were investigated at room temperature (23 ? 2°C) under atmospheric conditions. The synthetic groundwater was prepared according to the chemical composition of the KURT-DB3 groundwater. The pH and Eh of the synthetic groundwater were pH 8.9 and 0.5 V, respectively, and the major components were Na, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Cl, SO4, F and HCO3 ions. A few mg of ThO2(cr) and PuO2(cr) powder were added in the synthetic groundwater and the concentrations of Th and Pu in supernatant were monitored for 5 months of reaction time. The concentrations of Th before and after ultracentrifugation were compared, while the solid-liquid phase separation of Pu samples could not be applied due to the small volume of sample solutions. The concentrations of Th and Pu were measured by ICP-MS and alpha spectrometry, respectively. Geochemist’s Work Bench (GWB, standard, 17.0) was applied for the modeling with ThermoChimie TDB v. 11a, which was updated with the latest NEA-TDB (vol. 14). Aqueous species distributions and solubility limiting solid phases of Th and Pu under the synthetic groundwater conditions were evaluated. The results of geochemical modeling indicate that aqueous Th-OH-CO3 ternary species and Pu(IV) species are dominant in solutions equilibrated with ThO2(s) and PuO2(am, hyd), respectively. The dissolution behaviors of ThO2(cr) and PuO2(cr) are comparable to the dissolution of ThO2(aged, logKsp = 8.5) and the oxidative dissolution of PuO2(am, hyd) in the presence of PuO2(coll, hyd), respectively.
Cho, Hye-Ryun,Youn, Young-Sang,Jung, Euo Chang,Cha, Wansik Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol. No.
<▼1><P>This paper focusses on the determination of the thermodynamic data of Pu(iii) hydrolysis, which are important for a long-term safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal in a deep geological system.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The aim of this work is to determine the solubility product of plutonium hydroxide under reducing conditions and to ascertain the stability of Pu(OH)3 (am) in water. Hydrolysis of Pu(iii) and solubility of Pu(OH)3 (am) were investigated at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO4. Coulometric titration was adopted to adjust the pH of plutonium solutions, during which the electrolytic reducing conditions maintained the oxidation state of Pu(iii). Chemical speciation for dissolved plutonium was investigated using sensitive spectrophotometry coupled with a liquid waveguide capillary cell. The spectroscopic investigations indicated that dissolved Pu(iv), Pu(v), and Pu(vi) species were ignorable under these experimental conditions. The absorbance of Pu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions decreased due to hydrolysis of Pu(iii) but the absorbance of Pu(iii) hydrolysis species was not distinguishable. The formation constant for the first hydrolysis species (log <SUP>*</SUP><I>β</I>′1) determined in the present study is −6.62 ± 0.25. The non-crystalline structure of the plutonium precipitate was observed through X-ray diffraction. The solubility product of Pu(OH)3 (am), log <SUP>*</SUP><I>K</I>′s,0 is determined to be 15.23 ± 0.50. These results indicate a stronger tendency for the hydrolysis of Pu(iii) and higher stability (lower solubility) of Pu(OH)3 (am) compared to Am(iii).</P></▼2>