Testicular Morphology of Hanwoo bull at 7 to 17 Months of Age

Sung-Sik Kang,Sang-Rae Cho1,Ui-Hyung Kim,Kim Hyeong-Cheol,Chung Ki-Yong,Jang Sun-Sik,Si-Dong Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2016 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

폐가축사체의 농업적 재활용을 위한 가축사체 액상부산물의 액비화 조건 구명

서영진 ( Young Jin Seo ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),이상규 ( Sang Gyu Lee ),박주왕 ( Ju Wang Park ),최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),성환후 ( Hwan Hoo Sung ),강석진 ( Seog Jin Kang ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho1 ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4

BACKGROUND: Globally, concern about emerging infectious diseases of livestock is growing. For the disposal of the animal carcass, it is necessary to recycle the carcass into an agriculturally usable product. The objective of this study was to investigate the composting conditions of liquid by-product obtained from degradation of animal carcass. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions of liquid fertilizer were investigated using different microorganisms, pHs, and volumes of microorganisms (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola). Based on the results from the optimum conditions, compost maturity and quality of liquid fertilizer were evaluated for 112 days. The compost maturity of liquid fertilizer were higher in the order of LP(Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola) > BC(Bacillus cereus) > BS (Bacillus subtilis). The optimum condition under different volumes of LP was injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL. The compost maturity under different pHs were higher in the order of pH 7 > 5 ≥ 9 ÷ 11. The liquid by-product at 56 days after composting was completely decomposed. The concentrations of T-N, T-P and K2O in liquid fertilizer at 56 days were 0.94, 0.17 and 3.78%, respectively, and the sum of those concentrations was 4.89%. CONCLUSION(S): Liquid fertilizer of by-product using pig carcass was decomposed with optimum conditions(LP, pH 7, injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL) in 56 days after composting, and was suitable for official standard of commercial fertilizer.

소아에서 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사의 관계

이승현(Seung Hyeon Lee),손동우(Dong Woo Son),은병욱(Byung Wook Eun),심소연(So Yeon Sim),최덕영(Deok Young Choi),선용한(Yong Han Sun),조강호(Kang Ho Cho0, 류 일(Eell Ryoo),전인상(In Sang Jeon0, 차 한(Hann Tchah) 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적:발작의 분류는 발작의 원인, 예후를 추정하거나 항경련제를 선택하는 데 있어 매우 중요하며 뇌파검사는 발작의 종류를 구분하고 적절한 치료를 하기 위해 시행하는 중요한 검사이다. 저자들은 소아에서 임상적 발작이 확실한 경우 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사 간의 일치 정도를 알아보고자 한다. 방법:2000년 1월 1일부터 2008년 9월 30일까지 1회 이상의 간질발작을 주소로 가천의대 길병원 소아청소년과에 방문한 환자 중 본원에서 처음으로 뇌파검사를 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 발작의 임상양상은 목격자와 본인의 설명을 기록한 의무기록지를 기준으로 하여 부분발작과 전신발작으로 분류하였고 뇌파검사는 발작간간질양방전을 기준으로 정상과 비정상으로 분류하였으며 각성과 수면상태 모두에서 시행하였다. 결과:총 461명의 환자의 뇌파검사 시의 평균 연령은 6.7세였고 남자는 247명, 여자는 214명이었다. 전체 환자에서 발작의 임상양상은 부분발작이 310명, 전신발작이 187명이었다. 각성뇌파검사에서 비정상은 158명으로 부분발작파가 118명, 전신발작파가 59명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 19명이었고, 수면뇌파검사에서는 비정상이 239명으로 부분발작파가 196명, 전신발작파가 77명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 34명이었으며 전체 환자에서는 비정상이 273명으로 부분발작파가 216명, 전신발작파가 97명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 40명이었다. 간질증후군은 전체 환자 중 90명에서 관찰되었다. 146명(41.5%)의 부분발작과 44명(23.4%)의 전신발작 및 79명(87.8 %)의 간질증후군이 뇌파소견과 일치하였다. 결론:영유아 및 소아에 있어 발작을 진단할 때에는 발작양상 분 아니라 정확한 뇌파소견을 세심하게 고려하여야 한다. Purpose:Electroencephalography(EEG) is an essential method carried out for classifying seizures and taking appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the concordance between clinical findings of epileptic seizures and EEG in children. Methods:We enrolled 461 patients from those who visited Gil hospital from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2008 with the chief complaint of epileptic seizure more than once and checked their first EEG at the same hospital. The clinical findings of seizure were based on the charts and interictal waking and sleep EEGs were done. Results:The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years old. 497 epileptic seizures occurred and its clinical finding included 310 of partial seizures and 187 of generalized seizures. In 315 waking EEG 158 were abnormal including 118 of partial seizures, 59 of generalized seizures and 19 of both seizures, in 431 sleep EEG 239 were abnormal including 196 of partial seizures, 77 of generalized seizures and 34 of both seizures, and in waking and/or sleep EEG 273 were abnormal including 216 of partial seizures, 97 of generalized seizures and 40 of both seizures. Epileptic syndromes were observed in 90 patients. 146(41.5%) of partial seizures, 44(23.4%) of generalized seizures, and 79(87.8%) of epileptic syndromes accorded with EEG. Conclusion:When diagnosing seizures in children, we must consider not only clinical findings but also accurate EEG findings.

3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

Glucose & Energy Signaling Networks in Plants

( Sang Dong Yoo ),( Young Hee Cho ),( Jen Sheen ) 한국응용생명화학회 2008 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.51 No.5

BVI CCD Photometric Study on the Globular Cluster M92

Dong-Hwan Cho,Sang-Gak Lee 한국천문학회 2005 天文學會報 Vol.30 No.2

Renal manifestations in 2,007 Korean patients with Beh et c `s disease

( Sung Bin Cho ),( Ji Hyun Kim ),( Shin Wook Kang ),( Tae Hyun Yoo ),( Zhen Long Zheng ),( Hye Sun Lee ),( Dong Sik Bang ) 대한피부과학회 2011 초록집 Vol.49 No.20

A Morphological Study of Asymptotic Giant Branch of the Globular Clusters : M3 and M13

Sang-Gak Lee,Dong-Whan Cho 한국천문학회 2002 天文學會報 Vol.27 No.2

Identification and evaluation of specific biomarkers to analysis B. cereus species using real-time PCR

Sung-Youn Kim,Ji-Eun Jin,Namkuk Kim,Dong-jin Kang,Yong-Kyoung Kim,Ji-Ye Jung,Chae-hong Kim,Soon-Kil Cho 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

Different Characteristics of the Bright Branches of the Globular Clusters M3 and M13

Cho, Dong-Hwan,Lee, Sang-Gak,Jeon, Young-Beom,Sim, Kyung Jin American Institute of Physics 2005 The Astronomical journal Vol.129 No.4

<P>We carried out wide-field BVI CCD photometric observations of the globular clusters M3 (NGC 5272) and M13 (NGC 6205) using the Bohyun Optical Astronomy Observatory 1.8 m telescope equipped with a SITe 2K CCD. We present color-magnitude diagrams (V vs. B - V, V vs. V - I, and V vs. B - I) of M3 and M13. We have found asymptotic giant branch (AGB) bumps at V<img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1538-3881/129/4/1922/img1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT=''/> = 14.85 ± 0.05 mag for M3 and at V<img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1538-3881/129/4/1922/img1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT=''/> = 14.25 ± 0.05 mag for M13. We also found that AGB stars in M3 are more concentrated near the bump, while those in M13 are scattered along the AGB sequence. We identified the red giant branch (RGB) bump of M3 at V<img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1538-3881/129/4/1922/img2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT=''/> = 15.50 ± 0.05 mag and that of M13 at V<img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1538-3881/129/4/1922/img2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT=''/> = 14.80 ± 0.05 mag through luminosity functions and slope changes of the integrated luminosity functions of M3 and M13. We have estimated the ratios R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M3 and M13 and found that the value of R for M3 is larger than that for M13, while values of R<SUB>2</SUB> for M3 and M13 are similar and compatible with the value expected from evolutionary theory when only normal horizontal-branch (HB) stars are used for estimation of R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M13. However, we found that values of R for M3 and M13 are similar, while the value of R<SUB>2</SUB> for M3 is larger than that for M13 when all the HB stars are included for estimation of R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M13. We have compared the observed RGB luminosity functions of M3 and M13 with the theoretical RGB luminosity function of Bergbusch & VandenBerg at the same radial distances from the cluster centers as used in the estimation of the ratios R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M3 and M13. We found 'extra stars' belonging to M13 in the comparison of the observed RGB luminosity function of M13 and the theoretical RGB luminosity function of Bergbusch & VandenBerg and even in the comparison of the observed RGB luminosity functions of M3 and M13. In the original definition of the ratio R of Buzzoni et al., N<SUB>HB</SUB> corresponds to the lifetime of HB stars in the RR Lyrae instability strip at log T<SUB>eff</SUB> = 3.85. Thus, the smaller R value resulting for M13 compared with that for M3 in the case in which only normal HB stars are included in the estimation of R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M13 may be partially caused by extra stars, and the similar R values for M3 and M13 in the case in which all the HB stars are included in the estimation of R and R<SUB>2</SUB> for M13 may be caused by extra stars in the upper RGB of M13. If extra stars in the upper RGB of M13 are caused by an effective 'deep mixing,' these facts support the contention that an effective deep mixing could lead to different HB morphologies between M3 and M13 and subsequent sequences.</P>