대표농도경로 (RCP) 시나리오에 따른 회야강 유역의 미래 유출 및 유사 변화 분석

황창수(Hwang, Chang Su),최철웅(Choi, Chul Uong),최지선(Choi, Ji Sun) 대한공간정보학회 2014 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 미래 기후변화 및 토지피복변화가 유역 내 유출량과 유사량의 거동에 가져올 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 기상자료는 IPCC 5차 평가보고서를 위해 새롭게 논의된 RCP 시나리오 중 서로 상반되는 4.5 및 8.5 시나리오의 기후전망 (2011~2100년) 이 사용되었으며, 토지피복지도는 RCP 4.5 및 8.5 시나리오의 사회ㆍ경제 스토리라인과 로지스틱 회귀모형 (LR)을 이용하여 개발 된 모델에 의해 구축되었다. 기후변화만 고려한 경우, 토지피복변화만 고려한 경우, 기후변화 및 토지피복변화 모두 고려한 경우의 세 가지 시나리오를 설정하고, 각 시나리오에 따른 유출량 및 유사량을 모의한 결과 계절적으로 매우 명확한 변화를 나타내었다. 기후변화는 봄과 겨울에 유출량을 증가시키고 여름과 가을에 유출량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 유사량 역시 유출량과 동일한 변화의 양상을 보였다. 토지피복변화는 유출량을 증가시키는 반면 유사량은 감소시키며, 이는 도시화로 인한 불투수 면적의 증가에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 토지피복변화는 기후변화에 비해 유출량에 적은 영향을 끼치나, 기후변화에 의해 초래된 유출량 문제를 더욱 극대화 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 지속적인 수자원 관리를 위하여 기후변화의 잠재적 영향을 파악하고, 토지피복변화에 따른 적절한 수자원 대응 정책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study is analyze future climate and land cover change affects behaviors for amount of streamflow and sediment discharge within basin. We used the climate forecast data in RCP 4.5 and 8.5 (2011-2100) which is opposite view for each other among RCP scenarios that are discussed for 5th report for IPCC. Land cover map built based on a socialㆍeconomic storyline in RCP 4.5/8.5 using Logistic Regression model. In this study we set three scenarios: one scenario for climate change only, one for land cover change only, one for Last both climate change and land cover change. It simulated amount of streamflow and sediment discharge and the result showed a very definite change in the seasonal variation both of them. For climate change, spring and winter increased the amount of streamflow while summer and fall decreased them. Sediment showed the same pattern of change steamflow. Land cover change increases the amount of streamflow while it decreases the amount of sediment discharge, which is believed to be caused by increase of impervious Surface due to urbanization. Although land cover change less affects the amount of streamflow than climate change, it may maximize problems related to the amount of streamflow caused by climate change. Therefore, it"s required to address potential influence from climate change for effective water resource management and prepare suitable measurement for water resource.

아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통의 발생이 내피세포 기능장애에 미치는 영향

최철웅(Cheol Ung Choi),나승운(Seung-Woon Rha),김선원(Sun Won Kim),나진오(Jin Oh Na),임홍의(Hong Euy Lim),김진원(Jin Won Kim),김응주(Eung Ju Kim),한성우(Seong Woo Han),박창규(Chang Gyu Park),서홍석(Hong Seog Seo),오동주(Dong Joo Oh) 대한임상노인의학회 2010 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

연구배경: 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 발생하는 흉통과 허혈성 심전도 변화가 아세틸 콜린에 의해 발생하는 관상동맥의 내피세포 기능에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 방법: 흉통으로 내원하여 관상동맥 조영술과 아세틸 콜린 유발검사를 시행받은 1,085명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사를 하는 동안 허혈성 심전도 변화 및 흉통의 발생 유무에 따른 관상동맥 내피세포 기능의 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 539명의 환자에서 아세틸 콜린 검사시 내피세포 기능 장애가 발생 하였다. 허혈성 심전도 변화가 있었던 그룹이 심전도 변화가 없었던 그룹보다 흉통이 더 많았고(78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), 관상동맥 조영술상 다발성 관상동맥 경련이 빈번하였고(59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), 관상동맥의 경련 정도도 더 심하였다(64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006). 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 흉통이 없었던 그룹보다 허혈성 심전도 변화의 빈도가 더 높았다(14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). 또한 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 관상동맥 경련이 다발성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고 (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), 미만성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고(87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), 관상동맥의 경련의 정도도 더 심하였다(51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041). 결론: 아세틸 콜린 유발검사시 발생하는 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통은 관상동맥 경련의 정도와 경련이 발생하는 관상동맥 개수와 연관이 있다. Background: ECG changes and chest pain during acetylcholine (Ach) provocation tests may constitute important clinical parameters for Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the association between ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test and angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods: A total of 1,085 patients with anginal symptoms underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and Ach-provocation tests. We compared angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction according to the presence of ECG change and chest pain. Results: A total of 539 patients experienced Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Patients who experienced ECG change group suffered more frequent chest pain (78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), angiographically more frequent multiple coronary artery spasm (59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), and more severe coronary artery spasm (64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006) than patients without ECG change. However, there was no difference in the length of endothelial dysfunction between the groups. The incidence of ischemic ECG changes in patients with chest pain was higher than in patients without chest pain (14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). Patients who experienced chest pain more often experienced multiple (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), diffuse (87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), and severe coronary artery spasm (51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041) than patients without chest pain. Conclusion: Ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test are associated with multi-vessel involvement and severe coronary artery spasm. Chest pain is associated with the length of endothelial dysfunction, but ischemic ECG change is not.

대학생의 성교육 효과측정을 위한 기초 연구

장순복,최연순,강희선,박소미,Chang, Soon-Bok,Choi, Yun-Soon,Kang, Hee-Sun,Park, So-Mi 대한간호협회 1997 대한간호 Vol.36 No.2

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

Analysis of Research Trends in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Upland in Korea

Sun-Il Lee,Chang-Kyu Lee,Gun-Yeob Kim,Hyo-Suk Gwon,Jong-Sik Lee,Eun-Jung Choi,Joung-Du Shin 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Global climate change, especially global warming is considered as threat to our future and posterity. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are the main causes of global warming. The Korean government has set a goal to cut the carbon emissions by 37% based on business-as-usual levels by 2030. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agricultural sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, it is common belief that reducing of such emission is of great significance to global climate change. In Korea, upland is one of the main sources of agricultural N₂O emission. In order to analyze domestic research trends related to N₂O emissions in the upland, 53 academic publications from 2009 to September 2019 were critically reviewed. The results were classified according to the research purposes. Reduction technologies of N₂O emission account for approximately 28.3%. N₂O characteristics and assessment for 24.5%, development of N₂O emission factors for 22.6%, and N₂O inventory assessment for 20.8% etc. Biochar, green manure, no tillage, and inhibitor were studied as a means of reducing N₂O release. The optimum technologies to reduce N₂O emission in Korea were discussed and proposed through the previous researches.

Changes of Sugar Composition and Related Enzyme Activities during Fruit Development of Asian Pear Cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’

Jin-Ho Choi,Jang-Jeon Choi,Chang-Seok Bang,Jung-Sup Lee,Dong-Woog Choi,Hye-Sun Cho,Jun Cheul Ahn 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.6

We report on the seasonal changes of soluble sugar accumulation and several enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism, in two Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’. Soluble sugar content increased as the fruit developed and its total contents in matured fruits were 104.6 and 95.1 ㎎ㆍg?¹ fresh weight for ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’, respectively. However, the fructose-glucose-sucrose-sorbitol ratio was not significantly changed. Sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was maintained at high level in leaves and low in fruits throughout the fruit development, although the enzyme activity highly fluctuated in young and mature fruits. NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase activity increased sigmoidally in both leaves and fruits during fruit development, and correlated with accumulation of total sugar in fruits. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities remained low in leaves, but higher with two peak fluctuations in fruits. The change of soluble sugar contents positively correlated with SPS activity, based on the seasonal fluctuation of SPS activity and soluble sugar accumulation.

Changes in Spatiotemporal Parameters and Lower Limb Coordination During Prosthetic Gait Training in Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees

Yunhee Chang,Chang-Yong Ko,Bo Ra Jeong,Jung Sun Kang,Hyuk-Jae Choi,Gyoosuk Kim,Hyunjun Shin,Sehoon Park 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.3

When applying prosthetic gait training to patients with lower limb amputation, monitoring the gait change process is crucial for establishing and modifying rehabilitation training plans. In addition, since human gait involves complex movement of several joints, it is necessary to analyze the organic movement of adjacent joints rather than a single joint in the lower extremities for understanding the process of gait change. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze changes in spatiotemporal parameters and lower limb coordination during prosthetic gait training in unilateral transfemoral amputees (TFAs). This retrospective case–control study included 10 unilateral TFAs and 10 healthy individuals as controls. TFAs received prosthetic gait training for 12 weeks and gait changes were analyzed every 2 weeks using a 3D motion analysis system. The measured variables were spatiotemporal parameters and the continuous relative phase between hip and knee joints. The highest improvement in walking speed was seen at week 4 of training, and the continuous relative phase was most symmetric at week 8. The lower limb coordination pattern was more in-phase in the TFAs than in the controls, and the coordination variability was also lower for the TFAs than for the controls. In addition, the rate of change in lower limb coordination of TFAs was lower than that of spatiotemporal parameters and was significantly different from that of the controls even after training. Considering that the decrease in lower limb coordination is related to gait efficiency, balance, and risk of fall, there is a need to develop therapeutic strategies that can further improve the coordination of TFAs.

적외선열화상장치를 이용한 Buchanan plugger 표면의 온도상승 분석

최성아,김선호,황윤찬,윤창,오병주,최보영,정우남,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spring. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005. Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's pluggers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 200℃ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infraed thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it(p<0.001). 2. When the pluggers were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3±10.5℃ to 192.1±3.3℃ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6±5.0℃ to 179.5±4.2℃ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5±3.0℃ to 167.6±3.7℃ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7±2.5℃ to 159.8±3.6℃ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9±2.0℃ to 158.4±1.8℃ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temerature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature dose not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1 sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

최기환,김순선,박윤주,안미령,서수경,신윤용,김동섭,장영섭 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향페 대한 연구의 일환으로 세계 전 지역에서 널리 사용되고 잇으며 우리나라에서도 사용빈도가 높으나 간염등 간질환 유발사레가 보고되고 있는 마황, 황금 및 샐제 임상에서 이들 생약과 복합해서 자주 사용죄고 있는 대황을 선정하여, 띠들 천연물의 투여가 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 대황,마황, 황금 수침액을 1.09/kg의 용량으로 럿드에 7일간 경구 투여하고,최종투여 24시간 후 랫드의 간을 적출하였다. 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 모질약뿔인 7-etliokycournarin을 적출간에 과관류하면서 2시간동안 일정시간 간격으로 관류액을 채취하여 생성된 7-ethoxycoumarin의 대사체인 7-hydroxycoin, glucuronide 포합체, sulfate포합체를 대조군과 배교 관찰하였다. 또한 긴독성 지표로서 혈청 ALT, AST를 측정하였으며 적출관류간에 대해 lipid peronidation 정도를 살펴보고 ÷t직병리검사를 실시하였다. 대촹 투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 gulcuronidation이 갛소하였고fP<0.01), 마황투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation이 증가하였다(P<0.01). 이러한 7-ethoxycoumariu 대사의 변화가 대황, 마황에 의한 관련 효소의 생합성 증가/감소에 의한 것인지 여부를 살펴보고자 일착로 CYPIAI, Ct'P2Bl CDHA primer를 사용하여 적출관류간 소포체에서 mRNA level을 측정하였다.마황투옥군에서 CVPIAI mRNA level의 증가가 관찰되었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 또한 이들 천연물에 의한 간독성 유발여부를 비교 평가한 결과 혈청 ALT 및 AST는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 만성 간염정도를 나타내는 지표인 ALT/AST ratio는 마황 투여군에ㅓ 대조군에 비하여 유으한 차이를 나타내었고 대황투여군에서 간소포체내 lipid Peroxidation(MDA production)이 대조군에 비해 증가하였다.반면 조직학적 관찰결과는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 랫드에서 대황 투여에 의해 7-ethoxycoumarin gtucuronidation이 감소되었으며, 마황 투여에 의해서 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation은 증가되었고 마창 투여군의 경우 이러한 효소의 활성증가는 CYPIA1 induction에 의한 것일 수도 있다는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. In recent 3rears, hepatotoxicity concerned with Ephedrae herba or Scutellariae radixadmiBistration was case reported and Rhei rhizoma is commonly used with them. Tn order to study theeffect of Rhei rhizoma, Ep]ledrae herba and Scutellariae radix on hepatic metabolism, we exalnined theeffect of those pretreatment on the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin(EC). Water extracts(Ig/fg) ofRhei rhiaoma, Ephedrae tterba and Scutetlariae radix were admi3tistered orally to rats for T days,respectively. Livers were t:ten isolated and perfused with 100uM EC for 2 hours. The metabolites of EC,7-hydroxycoernarin, sulfate conjugate and glucuronide conjugate, were measured in the perfusates dur-ing perfusion. The amount of glucuronide conjvgates was decreased iB ahei rhizoma pretreated rats (p <0.01) and 7-bfdroxycournarin was increased in Ephedrae herba pretreated rats(p < 0.01). To examineTrhether the change of enByme activity is related to the induction ,or inhibition of enzymes concerned,we measured the change oif CYPIAt and CYPaBl mRNA level in the perfused rat liver, which are con-sidered to be EC specifie. However, CYPIAI and CYPEBI rnRNA ilevel were not found to be changedwith Rhei rhizoma nor I]3hedrae herba pretreatmen·t. We also assessed the hepatic toxicity of Rheirhizoma,.:phedrae herba and Scutellariae radix. The activity of ALT and AST was assayed at 34hrsafter 7 dfyt ndrninistratiofl and it was not found to be changed- Only the ratio of ALT over AST was in-creased in Epedrae herbs. pretreated rats(p < 0.05), which implies possible chronic hepatitis. Lipidperoxidation was increased in Rhei rhizoma treatment(p <0.05) , while histopathological examinationperformed after liver perfusion did not show any difference compared with vehicle treatmeut. Theseresutts suggest that Ephedrae herba pretreatment increases the o-deethylation of 7- ethoxrcoumariB inrats, which Inay be mediated by CYPIAI mRNA induction.