When D((X)) and D{{X}} are Prufer domains

Chang, G.W.,Oh, D.Y. North-Holland Pub. Co 2012 Journal of pure and applied algebra Vol.216 No.2

Let D be an integral domain, X be an indeterminate over D, and D[[X]] be the power series ring over D. For f@?D[[X]], let c<SUB>D</SUB>(f) denote the ideal of D generated by the coefficients of f. Let N={f@?D[[X]]|c<SUB>D</SUB>(f)=D}, N<SUB>t</SUB>={f@?D[[X]]|c<SUB>D</SUB>(f)<SUB>t</SUB>=D}, D((X))=D[[X]]<SUB>N</SUB>, and D{{X}}=D[[X]]<SUB>N't</SUB>. We show that D is a Krull domain if and only if D{{X}} is a Prufer domain, if and only if D[[X]]<SUB>P[[X]]</SUB> is a valuation domain for each maximal t-ideal P of D, if and only if D[[X]] is a PvMD in which each t-ideal is divisorial. We also show that D is a Dedekind domain if and only if D((X)) is a Prufer domain, if and only if D[[X]]<SUB>M[[X]]</SUB> is a valuation domain for each maximal ideal M of D.

Integral domains with finitely many spectral semistar operations

Chang, G. W.,Oh, D. Y. John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2017 Frontiers of mathematics in China Vol.12 No.1

<P>Let D be a finite-dimensional integral domain, Spec(D) be the set of prime ideals of D, and SpSS(D) be the set of spectral semistar operations on D. Mimouni gave a complete description for the prime ideal structure of D with SpSS(D) = n + dim(D) for 1 aecurrency sign n aecurrency sign 5 except for the quasi-local cases of n = 4, 5. In this paper, we show that there is an integral domain D such that SpSS(D) = n+dim(D) for all positive integers n with n not equal 2. As corollaries, we completely characterize the quasi-local domains D with SpSS(D) = n+dim(D) for n = 4, 5. Furthermore, we also present the lower and upper bounds of SpSS(D) when Spec(D) is a finite tree.</P>

한국인에서 DXS7132 유전좌와 GATA31D10 유전좌의 다형성에 관한 연구

안종성,장영길,이숭덕,신창호,이윤성,이정빈 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The validation study for two STR loci on X-chromosome, DXS7132 and GATA31D10, was done including allelic distribution and frequency of each allele to use these results for individual identification and paternity testing. For 496 unrelated Koreans, above two STR loci were amplified simultaneously using duplex PCR amplification method. The amplified products were analyzed by polyarylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. In male DXS7132 locus revealed 7 different alleles ranging from 276bp to 300bp. The largest allele was consisted of 14 repetition of [TCTA] unit and took 0.3417. The allele 15 followed next as 0.3165 and allele 13 as 0.1726. In female general distribution was same except one allele, allele 18 was found additionally. The heterozygosity was 0.7706 and 23 different genotypes were found. Polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.727. Two cases of mutation were noted in DXS7132 locus In both male and femal 7 different alleles were noted in GATA31D10 locus and the alleles ranged from 195bp to 231bp. The allele 15(199bp) took the majority of all as 0.825. The other alleles showed rather relatively low frequency. The heterozygosity was 0.2385 and 11 different genotypes were found. PIC was 0.2521, and no mutation was noted in GATA31D10 locus. Considering these two loci together, 22 different halpotype were noted.

Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows

Chung, H.J.,Kim, K.W.,Han, D.W.,Lee, H.C.,Yang, B.C.,Chung, H.K.,Shim, M.R.,Choi, M.S.,Jo, E.B.,Jo, Y.M.,Oh, M.Y.,Jo, S.J.,Hong, S.K.,Park, J.K.,Chang, W.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.11

Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.

Simulation of Rough Rice Drying by Natural Air(Ⅰ)

Chang, D. I.,Chung, D. S.,Pfost, H. B.,Calderwood, D. L. 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1983 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.10 No.1

Simulation model of natural air grain drying was discussed and modified to predict the changes of grain moisture content and dry matter loss of rough rice drying. The modified simulation model was then validated using actual test data. A series of simulated drying tests using official weather data for 15 years from Beaumont, Texas, was taken to make minimum airflow rate and maximum bed depth of rough rice drying by natural air, under different conditions of initial moisture content of rough rice, airflow rate and harvest date.

Valuation overrings of a Noetherian domain

Chang, G.W.,Oh, D.Y. North-Holland Pub. Co 2014 Journal of pure and applied algebra Vol.218 No.6

Let R be a Noetherian domain and 0=P<SUB>0</SUB>@?P<SUB>1</SUB>@?...@?P<SUB>n</SUB> be a saturated chain of prime ideals of R. Let V be a valuation overring of R that has a chain of prime ideals {Q<SUB>α</SUB>}<SUB>α@?Λ</SUB> such that {Q<SUB>α</SUB>@?R}<SUB>α@?Λ</SUB>={P<SUB>i</SUB>}<SUB>i=0</SUB><SUP>n</SUP>. In this paper, we prove that {Q<SUB>α</SUB>}<SUB>α@?Λ</SUB>={0=Q<SUB>0</SUB>@?Q<SUB>1</SUB>@?...@?Q<SUB>n</SUB>} and V<SUB>Q'n</SUB> is discrete, i.e., Q<SUB>i</SUB>V<SUB>Q'i</SUB> is principal for all i=1,...,n. Let D be an integral domain such that D<SUB>P</SUB> is Noetherian for each prime ideal P of D with htP<~. As a corollary, we show that if {P<SUB>k</SUB>} is a chain of prime ideals of D such that htP<SUB>k</SUB><~ for each k, then there exists a discrete valuation overring of D which has a chain of prime ideals lying over {P<SUB>k</SUB>}.

Limiting Concentrate during Growing Period Affect Performance and Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes and Visfatin in Korean Native Beef Calves

Chang, S.S.,Lohakare, J.D.,Singh, N.K.,Kwon, E.G.,Nejad, J.G.,Sung, K.I.,Hong, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and visfatin in the liver of Hanwoo beef calves. The purpose of this study was to test that reducing the amount of concentrate would partially be compensated by increasing the intake of forage and by altering the metabolic status. The study utilized 20 Korean native beef calves (Hanwoo; 60 to 70 d of age) divided into two groups of 10 calves each for 158 d. Control group calves received the amount of concentrate as per the established Korean feeding standards for Hanwoo, whereas calves in the restricted group only received half the amount of concentrate as per standard requirements. Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Since calves were with their dam until 4 months of age in breeding pens before weaning, the intake of milk before weaning was not recorded, however, the concentrate and forage intakes were recorded daily. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and on 10 d interval. Blood samples were collected at start and at 50 d interval. On the final day of the experiment, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at all times, but tended to be higher (p = 0.061) only at final BW in control than restricted group. Total BW gain in the control group was 116.2 kg as opposed to 84.1 kg in restricted group that led to average BW gain of 736 g/d and 532 g/d in respective groups, and the differences were significant (p<0.01). As planned, the calves in the control group had higher concentrate and lower forage intake than the restricted group. The plasma variables like total protein and urea were higher (p<0.05) in control than restricted group. The mRNA expressions for the gluconeogenic enzymes such as cytosolic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), and visfatin measured by quantitative real-time PCR in liver biopsies showed higher expression (p<0.05) in restricted group than control. Overall, restricting concentrate severely reduced the growth intensity and affected few plasma indices, and gene expression in liver was increased indicating that restricting concentrate in the feeding schemes during early growth for beef calves is not advocated.

Designing the substrate specificity of d-hydantoinase using a rational approach

Lee, S.C.,Chang, Y.,Shin, D.M.,Han, J.,Seo, M.H.,Fazelinia, H.,Maranas, C.D.,Kim, H.S. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2009 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.44 No.3

Enzymes that exhibit superior catalytic activity, stability and substrate specificity are highly desirable for industrial applications. These goals prompted the designed substrate specificity of Bacillus stearothermophilusd-hydantoinase toward the target substrate hydroxyphenylhydantoin (HPH). Positions crucial to substrate specificity were selected using structural and mechanistic information on the structural loops at the active site. The size and hydrophobicity of the involved amino acids were rationally changed, and the substrate specificities of the designed d-Hyd mutants were investigated. As a result, M63I/F159S exhibited about 200-fold higher specificity for HPH than the wild-type enzyme. Systematic mutational analysis and computational modeling also supported the rationale used in the design.

원발성 부갑상선 기능항진증에 대한 임상적 고찰

송창우,고석환,이길연,이석환,이상목,박호철,홍성화,오수명,윤충,Chang Woo Song,M.D.,Suck Hwan Koh,M.D.,Kil Yeon Lee,M.D.,Suk Hwan Lee,M.D.,Sang Mok Lee,M.D.,Ho Chul Park,M.D.,Sung Hwa Hong,M.D.,Soo Myung Oh,M.D. and Choong Yoon,M 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.1

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease that can be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated in most patients. The diagnosis is established by a persistent elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone and by clinical evaluation. With the introduction of a biochemical screening test for calcium and the development of radiologic techniques, the detection of hyperparathyroidism has increased slightly. However, the parathyroidectomy is still not a common operation in Korea. Twenty-eight patients with primary hyperparathyroidism comprised of 14 males and 14 females, were treated by operation from January 1986 to December 1995 at Kyunghee University Hospital and the data were analyzed retrospectively. The results are as follows: 1) The sex distribution was 14 males & 14 females, and the age distribution was from 14 to 79 years. 2) The clincal manifestations were renal symptoms (42.9%), skeletal symptoms (28.6%), a neck mass (10.7%), pancreatitis (7.1%) , no symptoms (7.1%), polydipsia (3.6%) in order of frequency. 3) Most of the patients showed hypercalcemia above 11mg/dl, but five patients had calcium levels which were either slightly increased or in the upper normal range. 4) The preoperative localization methods were mainly combinations of sonography, C.T.,and Tl-Tc subtraction scans and showed high sensitivity & specificity (above 90%). 5) The main tumor locations were the Rt. lower pole in 10 cases, the Rt. upper pole in 5 cases, the Lt. upper pole in 3 cases, the Lt. lower pole in 7 cases; there were 2 cases of ectopic location and 1 case of hyperplasia at the Rt. upper & the Lt. lower pole. 6) The pathologic findings revealed a solitary adenoma in 25 patients, a carcinoma in two patients, and hyperplasia associated with MEN2a in 1 patient. 7) We experienced one case of recurrence after primary excision at the Rt. lower pole. Reoperation for a missed gland, after the primary operation, was performed in one patient; the excision of the tumor was performed successsfully. 8) We performed surgical excisions and 17 patients showed hypocalcemia postoperatively. Most of the hypocalcemia was transient and disappeared after ingestion of oral calcium agents or usuage of Vit. D3. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:15-25)

석회유황합제 처리에 따른 철원 양파의 생육특성 및 페놀화합물 분석

김연복,이희종,김동현,구현정,장광진,Kim, Y.B.,Lee, H.J.,Kim, D.H.,Koo, H.J.,Chang, K.J. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2020 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 양파에 친환경제제로 사용되는 석회유황합제를 농도별(100, 200, 300배)로 희석하여 양파에 처리하여 생육특성과 페놀화합물 함량의 변이를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 그 결과 석회유황합제 처리 후 양파의 구 중, 구 너비, 구 고와당 함량에 영향을 미치지는 못했다. 또한 페놀화합물 함량에서 p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, kaempferol은 무 처리구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 benzoic acid는 석회유황합제 100배를 처리하였을 때 유의하였고, quercetin 함량은 처리구인 석회유황합제 200배(106.7 ㎍/g D.W.)와 300배(106.1 ㎍/g D.W.)가 100배(89.4 ㎍/g D.W.)와 무 처리구(96.4 ㎍/g D.W.) 보다 다소 높은 함량을 보여 유의하였다. 따라서 석회유황합제는 bezoic acid와 quercetin 함량 변화에 영향을 미쳤다고 판단된다. 본 연구결과가 농가 현장에 적용되기 위해서는 좀 더 넓은면적에서 실증 시험을 더 해야할 것으로 판단된다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of phenolic compounds after lime-sulphur mixture treatment on Cheorwon onion. Onion is a perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It is native to Persia of Southwest Asia. It is cultivated much in the temperate regions of the world. Onion is a good name for the 'Okchong' to drop blood cholesterol and cardiovascular blood flow to increase the prevention of adult diseases. Cheorwon area is inland, but it has high continental climate due to its high altitude. After the treatment with lime-sulphur mixture, the weight, width and plant height of the onion were not affected. In the phenolic compounds, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid and kaempferol except benzoic acid and quercetin were similar to or less than the control. Therefore, it was concluded that the treatment with lime-sulphur mixture had some effect on phenolic compound contents, benzoic acid and qurercetin.