금귤 젤 및 금귤- 벌꿀절임의 製造와 그의 品質特性

고정삼,김찬식,고명수,양영택 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1992 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.9 No.-

제주산 금귤을 소재로 한 금귤 젤리화 식품과 금귤-벌꿀절임을 제조하고, 이들의 물성, 기호성, 저장성 등에 관한 특성을 검토하였다. 젤라틴 2.5%와 물엿을 사용한 젤리화 금귤은 硬度가 195g-force이며, 탄성은 114%로서 後食用 製品으로 알맞은 것으로 평가되었다. 금귤-벌꿀절임은 20% 이내의 벌꿀을 함유한 제품이 官能評價에 좋은 結果를 얻었다. 加熱處理하여 밀봉한 製品은 32℃˚에서 20일간 貯藏하였을 경우에도 전혀 微生物 검출이 되지 않았으나, 加熱處理하지 않은 製品의 경우 製造工程 등에서 오는 汚染으로 인하여 벌꿀함유량에 관계없이 일부 微生物 增殖이 일어나 저장 및 유통중에 變質이 우려된다. In order to utilize Kumquats, a Fortunella variety produced in Cheju island, sensory evaluation and texture parameter of Kumquats processed foods were invesigated. Hardness and springiness of Kumquats jelly made with addition of 2.5% gelatin and maltose syrup was 195 g-force and 114% respectively, and the commodity was suitable for a dessert food in sensory evaluation. Kumquats slice contained below 20% honey was also evaluated as good for a tea of dessert food. Honey-Kumquats slice with heat treatment was safe for microbial growth during storge for 20 days at 32℃, but molds, bacteria and yeasts contaminated during processing were grown on Kumquats-honey commodities without heat treatment.

스트레스반응척도의 개발

고경봉,박중규,김찬형 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 4가지 스트레스반응 즉 감정적, 신체적, 인지적, 행동적 반응들이 포함된 스트레스 반응 척도를 개발하고자 하는데 있다. 방법: 일차로 성인 정상인 109명을 대상으로 스트레스반응척도 예비설문을 시행하여 75개 문항을 추출하였다. 2차로 이 문항들이 포함된 설문을 정상인 215명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 결과: 이 자료들을 요인분석한 결과 7개의 하위요인 즉 긴장, 공격성, 신체화, 분노, 우울, 피로, 좌절이 추출되었다. 상기 척도의 신뢰도는 정상인 62명에게 2주 간격으로 검사-재검사를 시행, 분석한 결과 7개 하위척도 점수와 척도 전체 점수 간의 상관관계수가 .69∼.96으로 모두 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 한편 내적 일치도는 7개 하위척도의 Cronbach's α가 .76∼.91, 척도 전체의 Cronbach's α가 .97이었다. 공존타당도는 global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale, perceived stress questionnaire(PSQ), symptom checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R)의 전체지표 각각의 총점과 본 척도의 7개 하위척도의 점수 및 척도 전체점수 간의 상관성을 각각 비교한 결과 모두 유의하게 높은 것을 나타났다. 변별타당도는 환자군 242명(불안장애 71명, 우울장애 73명, 신체형장애 47명, 정신신체장애 51명)과 정상군 215명간에 척도의 총점과 7개의 하위척도 점수를 비교한 결과 공격성을 제외한 6개 하위척도 점수와 총점에서 각각 유의한 차이를 보였다. 환자군에서 우울장애군이 척도전체 점수가 가장 높고, 불안장애, 정신신체장애, 정상군보다 각각 전체 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타나 우울장애군이 이들 환자군 중에서 스트레스반응이 가장 현저하다는 것을 시사해 준다. 대상자들 중 여자가 남자보다, 소득수준이 낮을수록 척도 전체 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 결론: 이상의 결과들은 스트레스반응 척도가 신뢰도 및 타당도가 모두 유의한 수준으로 스트레스에 관련된 분야의 연구에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 도구임을 시사해 준다. 또한 우울장애군이 상기 다른 정신장애군에 비해 스트레스에 대한 감수성이 높다는 것을 반영해 준다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the stress response inventory(SRI)which includes emotional, somatic, cognitive, and behavioral stress responses, and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. Methods: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 70 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding stress responses among 242 patients(71 with anxiety disorder, 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psycho-somatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Results: Factor analysis yielded 7 subscales : tension, aggression, somatization, anger, depre-ssion, fatigue and frustration. Reliability was computed by administering the SRI to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest relivbility for 7 subscales and the total score was significantly hign, ranging between 0.69- .96. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's α for 7 subscales ranged between .76-.91 and .97 for the total score. Concurrent validity was computed by correlating the 7 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire(PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90revised(SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 7 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 6 subscales and the total score, with the exception being the aggression subscale. The depressive disorder group was highest in total scores of SRi among 4 patient groups, and showed a significant higher scores in total scores of SRI than each of anxiety disorder and psychosomatic disorder groups. In total scores of SRI, female subjects were significantly higher than male ones, and subjects with lower income were significantly higher than those with higher income. Conclusion: These results indicate that the SRI is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure of stress for research in stress-related fields. It is suggested that depressive disorder group is more susceptible to stress than any other patient groups.

肝臟疾患에 있어서 血淸鐵値 變動에 關한 臨床的 硏究

朴贊鍾,高侊道 고려대학교 의과대학 1972 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.9 No.1

On the patients of liver diseases who had been admitted to the Gastroenterology of this hospital, the serum iron levels was determined in 221 patients from whom they were subdivided into 88 cases of infectious hepatitis (48 cases of acute hepatitis and 40 cases of chronic hepatitis), 99 cases of postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, and 34 cases of primary hepatoma. The relationships between the serum iron level and the liver function tests, such as A/G ratio, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activities, transaminase activities, total cholesterol levels with its ester form(%) and thymol turbidity tests according to the kinds of liver diseases were observed. The results were as following. 1. Of liver diseases, in cases of the primary hepatomas, the serum iron levels was remarkably decreased to 84.0 rg./dl. compared with the normal value 136.9 rg./dl. and postnecrotic liver cirrhosis showed the values 144.0 rg./dl. closely resembled to normal values. Infectious hepatitis showed the more increase of iron level than normal. Namely, acute case was 158.7 rg./dl. and chronic case was 186.0 rg./dl. 2. In the primary hepatomas, in addition to the remarkable decrease of serum iron level, reversed A/G ratio, the increases of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activities and transaminase activities, increase of total cholesterol with its ester form(%) decreased and the increase of thymol turbidity tests were also noted. 3. However, is the acute infectious hepatitis, another with the primary hepatomas, the tendency of increases of alkaline phosphatase activities, transaminase activities, total cholesterol and thymol turbidity tests were observed as well as the increase of serum iron level. 4. And the correlations between the significant abnormal findings of liver function tests and the serum iron levels were not noticed in cases of liver cirrhosis and the chronic infectious hepatitis. 5. Such relations suggest the abnormal findings of liver function tests do not keep pace with the variety of serum iron level but occurs differently according to the lesions of liver diseases themselves. And that serum iron level might be helpful for the differential diagnosis between primary hepatoma and other liver diseases.

Classification of rice varieties based on the haplotypes of major genes associated with grain size and shape

Chan-mi Lee,Huang Xing,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

Increasing demand on cereal grains to meet the population growth requires more production of rice as well as other cereals, which is supposed to rise up to 40% until 2030. Grain size and shape are critical factors determining grain yield. Several genes on grain shape and size have been reported, and of them, seven cloned genes were chosen for haplotype analysis, such as GS3, GW2, qSW5, GS6, GW8, GS5, and TGW6. We genotyped 218 rice varieties which had diverse grain size and shape originating from 25 countries. As for GS3 and qSW5, PCR markers were developed for point mutation and deletion, respectively. For the other five genes in which functional SNPs were reported, we designed primer sets to distinguish a fuctional allele for each gene. GW2 and TGW6 had two alleles, while the other five genes displayed three alleles which were evenly distributed throughout the population. Analysis on the relationship between haplotype of the genes and grain phenotype is in progress. We expect that desirable allelic combination of genes would assure the optimal grain size and shape for higher grain yield and market quality. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No.PJ009076), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes of ground water in Jeju volcanic island, Korea: implications for nitrate contamination

Koh, Dong-Chan,Chang, Ho-Wan,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Ko, Kyung-Seok,Kim, Yongje,Park, Won-Bae John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2005 Hydrological processes Vol.19 No.11

<P>Ground water from springs and public supply wells was investigated for hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes of <SUP>3</SUP>H, <SUP>18</SUP>O and D in Jeju volcanic island, Korea. The wells are completed in a basaltic aquifer and the upper part of hydrovolcanic sedimentary formation. Nitrate contamination is conspicuous in the coastal area where most of the samples have nitrate concentrations well above 1 mg NO<SUB>3</SUB>&bond;N/l. Agricultural land use seems to have a strong influence on the distribution of nitrate in ground water. Comparison of stable isotopic compositions of precipitation and ground water show that ground water mostly originates from rainy season precipitation without significant secondary modification and that local recharge is dominant. <SUP>3</SUP>H concentration of ground water ranged from nearly zero to 5 TU and is poorly correlated with vertical location of well screens. The occurrence of the <SUP>3</SUP>H-free, old ground water is due to the presence of low permeability layers near the boundary of the basaltic aquifer and the hydrovolcanic sedimentary formation, which significantly limits ground water flow from the upper basaltic aquifer. The old ground water exhibited background-level nitrate concentrations despite high nitrate loadings, whereas young ground water had considerably higher nitrate concentrations. This correlation of <SUP>3</SUP>H and nitrate concentration may be ascribed to the history of fertilizer use that has increased dramatically since the early 1960s in the island. This suggests that <SUP>3</SUP>H can be used as a qualitative indicator for aquifer vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Effects of Cycloheximide and Canavanine on the Increase of Microbodial Enzyme Activities of the Cucumber (cucumis Sativus L.) Cotyledons during Early Germination

Koh,Suck Chan 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

發芽初期의 오이(Cucumis Sativus L.)의 子葉에서 isocitrate lyase, catalase와 glycolate oxidase의 活性이 增加하는 原因을 糾明하기 위하여 蛋百質 合成의 轉寫過程을 抑制하는 物質인 cycloheximide와 arginine의 構造 類似物인 canavanine의 效果를 調査하였다. cycloheximide는 isocitrate lyase, catalase와 glycolate oxidase 뿐 아니라 빛에 의해 誘導되는 glycolate oxidase도 抑制하여 이들 酵素들의 活性 增加는 蛋百質의 de novo 合成에 의한 것으로 思料되며 canavanine은 酵素에 따라 抑制效果가 다르며 이를 處理하는 동안 子葉의 生長이나 蛋百質 合成에 관여하는 것으로 思料된다. In order to clarify whether the increase of enzyme activities in the cotyledons during early germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is due to de novo protein synthesis or not, the effects of cycloheximide and canavanine were investigated. Cycloheximide inhibited light-induced glycolate oxidase as well as isocitrate lyase, catalase and glycolate oxidase, and then the increase of the enzyme activities seems to be due to at least de novo protein synthesis. Canavanine inhibited only two enzymes, isocitrate lyase and catalase, but the effect seems to be due to inhibition of the protein synthesis or of the cotyledon development.

Factors controlling groundwater chemistry in an agricultural area with complex topographic and land use patterns in mid-western South Korea

Koh, Dong-Chan,Kim, Eun-Young,Ryu, Jong-Sik,Ko, Kyung-Seok John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Hydrological processes Vol.23 No.20

<P>Shallow and bedrock groundwater from granitic aquifers were investigated for the hydrogeochemistry of major and minor constituents in an agricultural area. Nitrate concentrations were observed up to 49 mg/l as NO<SUB>3</SUB>-N, with 22% of samples exceeding the drinking water standard, which could pose a significant threat because most residents rely on groundwater as their drinking water source. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components (PCs): (1) nitrate contamination, contributed by major cations, Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, SO<TEX>$_{4}^{2-}$</TEX> and NO<TEX>$_{3}^{-}$</TEX>, (2) reduction processes positively involving Fe, Mn and B, and negatively involving dissolved oxygen and NO<TEX>$_{3}^{-}$</TEX> and (3) natural mineralization, involving HCO<TEX>$_{3}^{-}$</TEX> and F<SUP>−</SUP>. Cluster analysis, performed on the PC scores, resulted in seven sample groups, which were successfully identified by total depth, elevation and land use. The nitrate-contaminated groups had mixed land uses, with locally concentrated residential areas. Uncontaminated groundwater groups were found in the natural environment, including high-altitude spring water and bedrock groundwater with a higher degree of natural mineralization. Shallow groundwater groups in paddy fields in lowlands were affected by reducing environments, of which one group was characterized by high Fe, Mn and B, and negligible nitrate. Groundwater with intermediate nitrate and lower Cl<SUP>−</SUP> and SO<TEX>$_{4}^{2-}$</TEX> was found primarily in hilly terrains with orchards and vegetable gardens, indicating lower contaminant loadings than lowland areas. Higher concentrations of F<SUP>−</SUP> and nitrate were observed in the nitrate-contaminated water, which seemed unlikely to be explained by groundwater mixing. The strong acidity generated from nitrification may infiltrate deeper into the aquifer, induce accelerated weathering of bedrock and result in the coexistence of F<SUP>−</SUP> and nitrate, which may be an evidence of intense nitrate loading, leading to soil acidification. Multivariate statistical analysis successfully delineated hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater attained by natural and anthropogenic processes in an agriculturally stressed area with complex topographic land use patterns. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Relationship of groundwater geochemistry and flow to volcanic stratigraphy in basaltic aquifers affected by magmatic CO₂, Jeju Island, Korea

Koh, Dong-Chan,Genereux, David P.,Koh, Gi-Won,Ko, Kyung-Seok Elsevier 2017 Chemical geology Vol.467 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Groundwater from pristine volcanic rock aquifers on dormant Jeju Island, Korea, was investigated to identify sources and geochemical processes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and related solutes along with characteristics of groundwater flow using a multi-isotope approach. δ<SUP>18</SUP>O, δ<SUP>2</SUP>H, and <SUP>3</SUP>H of groundwater indicated the water is of meteoric origin, and is mainly derived from recent recharge, except Na-rich mineral water which has a significant contribution of <SUP>3</SUP>H-free old water. <SUP>87</SUP>Sr/<SUP>86</SUP>Sr of dissolved Sr suggests that solutes in groundwater were mainly derived from old alkali basalt in the lower part of lava flows. δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CO2(g)</SUB> calculated using δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>DIC</SUB> and measured hydrogeochemical parameters indicated that (1) biogenic soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> is a dominant source of DIC in low mineralized water, (2) CO<SUB>2</SUB>-rich water had mostly mantle-derived magmatic CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and (3) mineral water contained both biogenic and magmatic CO<SUB>2</SUB>. δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CO2(g)</SUB> in mineral water was affected by precipitation of calcite, which complicated the estimation of the contribution of CO<SUB>2</SUB> sources to DIC. Concentrations of mobile elements were mainly controlled by the amount of magmatic CO<SUB>2</SUB> and groundwater residence time. δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CO2(g)</SUB> and <SUP>3</SUP>H content were used to distinguish four types of groundwater with different spatial patterns of occurrence in relation to the volcanic stratigraphy of Jeju Island. Groundwater types I and II are low mineralized water with lower levels of DIC from biogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB>, composed of either recent recharge (<40years, type I) or older water with negligible <SUP>3</SUP>H (>60years, type II). Type III is Mg-rich mineral water with significant recent recharge while type IV is Na-rich mineral water with older residence time. Types III and IV had somewhat elevated levels of DIC (up to 7.6mM) with mixed signatures of magmatic and biogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB>, while CO<SUB>2</SUB>-rich water (a subset of type III) had DIC up to 100mM with signatures of mantle-derived magmatic CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Groundwater in the eastern area of Jeju Island is mostly type I, which can be attributed to a lack of both low-permeability rocks and recent volcanic rocks in that area. Types III and IV were found in the western area where the latest volcanic rocks are distributed. In the southwestern area, type III is associated with permeable basaltic aquifers with a contribution of magmatic CO<SUB>2</SUB> and type IV is from the younger lava flows dissected by older massive trachytic rocks and shallower hydrovolcanic tuffs, which led to the higher degree of mineralization. A conceptual model is proposed to integrate the chemical and isotopic constraints of groundwater with volcanic stratigraphy and suggest the processes that generated groundwater types with different residence times and chemical compositions. This study may contribute to understanding the processes of groundwater flow and mineralization in volcanic aquifers affected by deep-source CO<SUB>2</SUB> and variable residence time of groundwater in both dormant and active volcanic areas.</P>

Comparison of supercooling point between Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius by developmental stages

Chan Sik Jung,Ju Hyun Kim,Sang Hyun Koh,Yeong Jin Chung,Sang Chul Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius were reported as the vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, pine wood nematode in Korea. According to Kwon et al. (2006), each of 2 species has occupied their own regional distribution : M. saltuarius in southern part including Jeju island and M. alternatus in mid-northern part of Korean peninsula. We measured the supercooling point (SCP) of 2 species (laboratory-reared populations) by each of developmental stages. The SCPs of 2nd, 3rd and 5th instar larvae of M. saltuarius were -7.68±0.19℃, -7.02±0.69℃, -4.93±1.34℃ each of stages. On the other hand, the SCPs of 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae and pupae of M. alternatus. were -4.46±1.12℃, -5.94±1.33℃, -7.83±1.44℃, -9.53±1.78℃ each of stages. The SCPs of M. saltuarius larvae generally was lower than that of M. alternatus. The pupae of M. alternatus and 2nd instar larvae of M. saltuarius had the lowest SCP among measured samples. On the other hand, the highest SCP were recorded in 2nd and 5th instar larvae, each. This result shows that regional distribution of 2 beetles may be associated with the adaptation capacity to low temperature represented by the SCP as well as the developmental temperature. However, beetles experimented were not collected from pine forest fields. In further study, we are planning experiments with field populations and all developmental stages.

증례 : 혈액종양 ; 누낭에 발생한 원발성 선양낭성암종 1예

이찬현 ( Chan Hyun Lee ),김현정 ( Hyun Jung Kim ),김찬규 ( Chan Kyu Kim ),박성규 ( Sung Kyu Park ),고윤우 ( Yoon Woo Koh ),고은석 ( Eun Suk Koh ),홍대식 ( Dae Sik Hong ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.77 No.5S

52세 여자 환자는 약 6개월 전 발생한 우측 비폐색을 주소로 내원하였다. 신체 검사에서 우측 하부 내안각 부위에 무통성 종창이 관찰되었고, 압박 시 우측 눈물점에서 화농성 분비물이 있었다. 안와 전산화단층촬영(CT)과 안와 자기공 명영상(MRI)에서 우측 비누관에서 기인하며 안와와 비강까지 확장되어 있는 연부조직종괴가 관찰되었다. 우내측 상악절제술, 부분 전방 사골절세술, 부분 비골절 제술을 포함한 근치적 수술이 시행되었다. 수술 후 병리 소견상 누낭의 원발성 선양낭성암종으로 진단되었다. 환자는 수술 1달 후 보조 동시항암화학방사선요법을 시행받았다. 세 달 후 추적검사에서 임상적 및 방사선학적으로 재발 소견은 없었다. 국내에서 최초로 누낭의 원발성 선양낭성암종을 보고하는 바이다. A 52-year-old woman presented with a right nasal obstruction that was first noticed about 6 months earlier. Physical examination revealed a painless mass in the right inferior epicanthal fold area with a purulent discharge on the punctum on compressing the right inferior epicanthal fold area. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delineated a soft tissue mass originating in the area of the right nasolacrimal duct, extending into the orbit and nasal fossa. Radical surgery, consisting of a right medial maxillectomy, partial anterior ethmoidectomy, and partial removal of the nasal bone was performed. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal sac. One month postoperatively, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy was begun. The patient was clinically and radiologically free of the tumor at the 3-month follow-up. This case is the first report of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the lacrimal sac in Korea. (Korean J Med 77:S1304-S1308, 2009)