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Li, C.J.,Xu, Z.H.,Dong, Z.X.,Shi, S.L.,Zhang, J.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.8
Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (${\geq}225kg/ha$) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (${\leq}150kg/ha$). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.
Jain, Shweta,Ward, Jerrold M.,Shin, Dong-Mi,Wang, Hongsheng,Naghashfar, Zohreh,Kovalchuk, Alexander L.,Morse III, Herbert C. Elsevier 2017 The American journal of pathology Vol.187 No.9
<P>A number of mouse strains transgenic for B-cell receptors specific for nucleic acids or other auto antigens have been generated to understand how autoreactive B cells are regulated in normal and autoimmune mice. Previous studies of nonautoimmune C57BL/6 mice heterozygous for both the IgH and IgL knockins of the polyreactive autoantibody, 564, produced high Levels of autoantibodies in a largely Toll-like receptor 7 dependent manner. Herein, we describe studies of mice homozygous for the knockins that also expressed high levels of autoantibodies but, unlike the heterozygotes, exhibited a high incidence of mature B-cell Lymphomas and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections. Microarray analyses and serological studies suggested that lymphomagenesis might be related to chronic B-cell activation promoted by IL-21. Strikingly, mice treated continuously with antibiotic supplemented water did not develop Lymphomas or abscesses and exhibited less autoimmunity. This mouse model may help us understand the reasons for enhanced susceptibility to lymphoma development exhibited by humans with a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and highly active rheumatoid arthritis.</P>
Vega L., Johana C. M.,Lee, Min Kyung,Qin, Ellen C.,Rich, Max,Lee, Kwan Young,Kim, Dong Hyun,Chung, Hee Jung,Leckband, Deborah E.,Kong, Hyunjoon Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry B Vol.4 No.42
<P>Living cells are being extensively studied to build functional tissues that are useful for both fundamental and applied bioscience studies. Increasing evidence suggests that cell-cell adhesion controlled by the intercellular cadherin junction plays important roles in the quality of the resulting engineered tissue. These findings prompted efforts to interrogate biological effects of cadherin at a molecular scale; however, few efforts were made to harness the effects of cadherin on cells cultured in an <I>in vivo</I>-like three dimensional matrix. To this end, this study reports a hydrogel matrix three dimensionally functionalized with a controlled number of Fc-tagged recombinant N-cadherins (N-Cad-Fc). To retain the desired conformation of N-Cad, these cadherins were immobilized and oriented to the gel by anti-Fc-antibodies chemically coupled to gels. The gels were processed to present N-Cad-Fc in uniaxially aligned microchannels or randomly oriented micropores. Culturing cortical cells in the functionalized gels generated a large fraction of neurons that are functional as indicated by increased intracellular calcium ion concentrations with the microchanneled gel. In contrast, direct N-Cad-Fc immobilization to microchannel or micropore walls of the gel limited the growth of neurons and increased the glial to neuron ratio. The results of this study will be highly useful to organize a wide array of cadherin molecules in a series of biomaterials used for three-dimensional cell culture and to regulate phenotypic activities of tissue-forming cells in an elaborate manner.</P>
OPTIMIZATION OF INTAKE PORT DESIGN FOR SI ENGINE
Y. L. QI,L. C. DONG,H. LIU,P. V. PUZINAUSKAS,K. C. MIDKIFF 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.6
It is well known that in-cylinder flow is very important factor for the performance of SI engine. An appropriate in-cylinder flow pattern can enhance the turbulence intensity at spark time, therefore increasing the stability of combustion, reducing emission and improving fuel economy. In this paper, the effect of intake port design on in-cylinder flow is studied. It is found a vortex existed at the upper side of intake port of a production SI engine used in the study, during the intake stroke, which will reduce both tumble ratio and volumetric efficiency. A minor modification on intake port is made to eliminate the vortex and increase tumble ratio while keeping volumetric efficiency at the same level. It is demonstrated that the increase in tumble in the new design results in a 20 per cent increase in the fuel vaporization. In this study, both KIVA and STAR-CD are used to simulate the engine cold flow, as well as ICEM CFD and es-ice used as pre-processor respectively due to the complexity of engine geometry. Simulation results from KIVA and STAR-CD are compared and analyzed.
Friesen, Melissa C,Locke, Sarah J,Zaebst, Dennis,Viet, Susan,Shortreed, Susan,Chen, Yu-Cheng,Koh, Dong-Hee,Pardo, Larissa,Schwartz, Kendra L,Davis, Faith G,Stewart, Patricia A,Colt, Joanne S,Purdue, M BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Occupational and environmental medicine Vol.71 No.suppl1
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>We applied machine learning approaches to efficiently assist multiple experts to transparently estimate occupational lead exposure in a case-control study of renal cell carcinoma.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>We used hierarchical cluster models to classify the 7154 study jobs with occupational history and job/industry questionnaires into 360 groups with similar responses. Each group was reviewed independently by two or three experts and was assigned probabilities of lead exposure (<5%, ≥5– <50%, ≥50%) for three time periods (<1980, 1980–1994, ≥1995). When the group’s mean response pattern suggested within-group exposure variability, experts identified programmable conditions that defined the rating differences where possible or flagged the group for further review. After splitting jobs that overlapped time periods at the calendar cut point, the 9992 job/time periods were assigned their relevant expert/group/time period estimate. Classification and regression tree (CART) models were developed to predict each expert’s expected assignment, based on previous decisions, to assign estimates for jobs in groups that expert had not assessed and for jobs requiring further review.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In preliminary analyses, CART models predicted 91–96% of the experts’ pre-1995 estimates and 77–96% of ≥1995 estimates. CART estimates were assigned to 3–48% of the job/time periods, varying by expert. Overall, 92% of the job/time periods were assigned the same estimate by at least two experts.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our framework reduced the number of exposure decisions needed from each expert compared to job-by-job assessment. Future work will use CART models to identify differences between experts to be resolved and incorporate frequency and intensity of lead exposure estimates.</P>
Yee, J. C.,Udalski, A.,Sumi, T.,Dong, Subo,Kozłowski, S.,Bird, J. C.,Cole, A.,Higgins, D.,McCormick, J.,Monard, L. A. G.,Polishook, D.,Shporer, A.,Spector, O.,Szymań,ski, M. K.,Kubiak, M.,Pietrzy IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.703 No.2
<P>We analyze the extreme high-magnification microlensing event OGLE-2008-BLG-279, which peaked at a maximum magnification of A similar to 1600 on 2008 May 30. The peak of this event exhibits both finite-source effects and terrestrial parallax, from which we determine the mass of the lens, M-l = 0.64 +/- 0.10 M-circle dot, and its distance, D-l = 4.0 +/- 0.6 kpc. We rule out Jupiter-mass planetary companions to the lens star for projected separations in the range 0.5-20 AU. More generally, we find that this event was sensitive to planets with masses as small as 0.2 M-circle dot similar or equal to 2 (MMars) with projected separations near the Einstein ring (similar to 3 AU).</P>
Han, J.C.,Wang, Y.L.,Qu, H.X.,Liang, F.,Zhang, J.L.,Shi, C.X.,Zhang, X.L.,Li, L.,Xie, Q.,Wang, C.L.,Yan, Y.Y.,Dong, X.S.,Cheng, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ (0, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g$/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin $D_3$. As a result of this study, the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.
China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status
J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.