http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Cheng-Hock Toh,Yasir Alhamdi,Simon T. Abrams 대한진단검사의학회 2016 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.36 No.6
Systemically sustained thrombin generation in vivo is the hallmark of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Typically, this is in response to a progressing disease state that is associated with significant cellular injury. The etiology could be infectious or noninfectious, with the main pathophysiological mechanisms involving cross-activation among coagulation, innate immunity, and inflammatory responses. This leads to consumption of both pro- and anticoagulant factors as well as endothelial dysfunction and disrupted homeostasis at the blood vessel wall interface. In addition to the release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) following cellular activation and damage, respectively, there is the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as extracellular histones and cell-free DNA. Extracellular histones are increasingly recognized as significantly pathogenic in critical illnesses through direct cell toxicity, the promotion of thrombin generation, and the induction of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Clinically, high circulating levels of histones and histone–DNA complexes are associated with multiorgan failure, DIC, and adverse patient outcomes. Their measurements as well as that of other DAMPs and molecular markers of thrombin generation are not yet applicable in the routine diagnostic laboratory. To provide a practical diagnostic tool for acute DIC, a composite scoring system using rapidly available coagulation tests is recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Its usefulness and limitations are discussed alongside the advances and unanswered questions in DIC pathogenesis.
공동주택 리모델링 시행 프로그램에 관한 한.미간 비교연구 - 미국 리모델링 관련 제도와 전문가 대상 면접조사 결과를 중심으로 -
윤정숙,앤드류 사이델,로빈 에브람스,김석경,Yoon, Chung-Sook,Seidel, Andrew D.,Abrams, Robin F.,Kim, Suk-Kyung 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.6
The study is based on a two-year research study titled 'A study on the Development of the Programs for Housing Policy to support Multi-family Housing Remodeling in Korea'. The primary purpose of this two-year study was to recommend governmental program initiatives for supporting multi-family housing remodeling activities in Korea. As a part of this research study, this article was written based on the results from the two surveys regarding multi-family housing remodeling in the United States and Korea, and a focus group with housing researchers affiliated to the Joint Center for Housing Studies. Major research findings are presented as follows: First, there have been various types of supportive programs for single- and multi-family housing remodeling in the United States. Those have focused on lower income families than middle income families. Compared with the programs in the United States, the apartment remodeling in Korea has been focusing on small population of the multi-family housing owners. Apartment remodeling in Korea needs supportive programs for rental housing remodeling and the housing remodeling for low-incomes. Second, there have been various types of remodeling activities made in multi-family housing properties in the United States. Size of remodeling project also varied. Their remodeling activities were based on the long-term repairing plans initiated by professional apartment management groups. For making our multi-family housing properties more sustainable, we also need to have the long-term repairing plans. Third, the apartment property remodeling has been regarded as a substitute of reconstruction of apartment properties. However, remodeling should be regarded as one of the most efficient ways to extend the life-cycle of apartment buildings. Thus, benefits and executive plans of apartment remodeling should be studied by a professional research center under our governmental responsibilities as done in the United States.
Presence of oxygen and aerobic communities from sea floor to basement in deep-sea sediments
D’Hondt, Steven,Inagaki, Fumio,Zarikian, Carlos Alvarez,Abrams, Lewis J.,Dubois, Nathalie,Engelhardt, Tim,Evans, Helen,Ferdelman, Timothy,Gribsholt, Britta,Harris, Robert N.,Hoppie, Bryce ,W.,Hyun Nature Publishing Group 2015 Nature geoscience Vol.8 No.4
The depth of oxygen penetration into marine sediments differs considerably from one region to another. In areas with high rates of microbial respiration, O<SUB>2</SUB> penetrates only millimetres to centimetres into the sediments, but active anaerobic microbial communities are present in sediments hundreds of metres or more below the sea floor. In areas with low sedimentary respiration, O<SUB>2</SUB> penetrates much deeper but the depth to which microbial communities persist was previously unknown. The sediments underlying the South Pacific Gyre exhibit extremely low areal rates of respiration. Here we show that, in this region, microbial cells and aerobic respiration persist through the entire sediment sequence to depths of at least 75 metres below sea floor. Based on the Redfield stoichiometry of dissolved O<SUB>2</SUB> and nitrate, we suggest that net aerobic respiration in these sediments is coupled to oxidation of marine organic matter. We identify a relationship of O<SUB>2</SUB> penetration depth to sedimentation rate and sediment thickness. Extrapolating this relationship, we suggest that oxygen and aerobic communities may occur throughout the entire sediment sequence in 15–44% of the Pacific and 9–37% of the global sea floor. Subduction of the sediment and basalt from these regions is a source of oxidized material to the mantle.
공동주택 거주자의 주거환경 만족도 및 개선요구를 통한 공동주택 장기수선 계획 연구
윤정숙,김수정,신수영,김석경,로빈 에브람스,Yoon Chung-Sook,Kim Soo-Jeong,Shin Soo-Young,Kim Suk-Kyung,Abrams Robin F. 한국주거학회 2006 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.4
The primary purpose of this study is to provide the managerial guidelines for the comprehensive apartment improvement planning. This plan will consider the time-serial apartment management plan. Through a questionnaire survey, residential satisfactions and demands on apartment units, apartment building and site amenities were investigated. Based on the statistical analysis, residents' demands were assessed. The resident groups were categorized into the three groups considering the apartments' life span where they were living. The results from the statistical analysis were finally compared with the long-term apartment management plan demonstrated in the Housing Code of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, residential satisfaction on the equipments in apartment units was higher than that on the unit plans. Residents' satisfaction on the communal facilities in apartment sites was lower than that on the other factors. Thus, apartment unit plans and communal facilities in sites need to be improved. Second, though we had the three residents' groups, for the results of the residential satisfaction, the groups were divided into two groups: 'less than 10 years group'and 'over than 10 years group'. Considering the residents' demands for the apartment improvement according to the life span of apartment complexes, the habitability factor was demanded by 'the less than 10 years group' and the safety factor by 'the over than 10 years group'. Compared the residents' demands for apartment improvements with the long-term apartment management plan demonstrated in the Housing Code, the improvement cycles demanded by residents were shorter than those in the code. Thus, the management plan in the code should be reconsidered.
Sun, Xiangqing,Elston, Robert C.,Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.,Falk, Gary W.,Grady, William M.,Faulx, Ashley,Mittal, Sumeet K.,Canto, Marcia,Shaheen, Nicholas J.,Wang, Jean S.,Iyer, Prasad G.,Abrams, Julia American Association for Cancer Research 2016 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.25 No.5
<P><B>Background:</B> Barrett's esophagus is often asymptomatic and only a small portion of Barrett's esophagus patients are currently diagnosed and under surveillance. Therefore, it is important to develop risk prediction models to identify high-risk individuals with Barrett's esophagus. Familial aggregation of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma for individuals with a family history, raise the necessity of including genetic factors in the prediction model. Methods to determine risk prediction models using both risk covariates and ascertained family data are not well developed.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> We developed a Barrett's Esophagus Translational Research Network (BETRNet) risk prediction model from 787 singly ascertained Barrett's esophagus pedigrees and 92 multiplex Barrett's esophagus pedigrees, fitting a multivariate logistic model that incorporates family history and clinical risk factors. The eight risk factors, age, sex, education level, parental status, smoking, heartburn frequency, regurgitation frequency, and use of acid suppressant, were included in the model. The prediction accuracy was evaluated on the training dataset and an independent validation dataset of 643 multiplex Barrett's esophagus pedigrees.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Our results indicate family information helps to predict Barrett's esophagus risk, and predicting in families improves both prediction calibration and discrimination accuracy.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> Our model can predict Barrett's esophagus risk for anyone with family members known to have, or not have, had Barrett's esophagus. It can predict risk for unrelated individuals without knowing any relatives' information.</P><P><B>Impact:</B> Our prediction model will shed light on effectively identifying high-risk individuals for Barrett's esophagus screening and surveillance, consequently allowing intervention at an early stage, and reducing mortality from esophageal adenocarcinoma. <I>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 727–35. ©2016 AACR</I>.</P>
Measurement of theB+→ωl+νandB+→ηl+νbranching fractions
Aubert, B.,Bona, M.,Karyotakis, Y.,Lees, J. P.,Poireau, V.,Prencipe, E.,Prudent, X.,Tisserand, V.,Garra Tico, J.,Grauges, E.,Lopez, L.,Palano, A.,Pappagallo, M.,Eigen, G.,Stugu, B.,Sun, L.,Abrams, G. American Physical Society 2009 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.79 No.5