SWAT 모형을 이용한 볏짚매트의 토양유실 저감효과 분석

장원석,박윤식,최중대,김종건,신민환,류지철,강현우,임경재,Jang, Won-Seok,Park, Youn-Shik,Choi, Joong-Dae,Kim, Jong-Gun,Shin, Min-Hwan,Ryu, Ji-Chul,Kang, Hyun-Woo,Lim, Kyoung-Jae 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.3

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sediment yield reduction under various field slope conditions with rice straw mat. The Vegetative Filter Strip Model-W (VFSMOD-W) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used for simulation of sediment yield reduction effect of rice straw mat. The Universe Soil Loss Equation Practice factor (USLE P factor), being able to reflect simulation of rice straw mat in the agricultural field, were estimated for each slope with VFSMOD-W and measured soil erosion values under 5, 10, and 20 % slopes. Then with the regression equation for slopes, USLE P factor was derived and used as input data for each Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) in the SWAT model. The SWAT Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was utilized, moreover, in order to consider spatial location and topographic features (measured topographic features by field survey) of all HRU within each subwatershed in the study watershed. Result of monthly sediment yield without rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 814.72 ton/month, and with rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 526.75 ton/month, which was reduced as 35.35 % compared without it. Also, during the rainy season (from Jun. to Sep. 2000 - 2007), when without vs. with rice straw mat, monthly sediment indicated 2,109.54 ton and 1,358.61 ton respectively. It showed about 35.60 % was reduced depending on rice straw mat. As shown in this study, if rice straw mat is used as a Best Management Practice (BMP) in the sloping fields, rainfall-driven sediment yield will be reduced effectively.

RTCM 2.4 기반 GNSS 보정정보 메시지 생성 모듈의 아키텍처 설계

장원석,김영기,서기열,Jang, Wonseok,Kim, Youngki,Seo, Kiyeol 한국정보통신학회 2015 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.19 No.10

At present, available positioning satellites are not only the GPS, but also GLONASS, GALILEO, QZSS, BeiDou. However, the differential GPS, the augmentation service for increase the positioning accuracy, is follow the RTCM version 2.3 standard. So, it can service the correction information about only GPS. For solve this problem, RTCM is making the new version of RTCM message standard that can service the correction information for all of available GNSS. In South Korea, the software DGNSS RSIM system was installed at almost the whole DGNSS reference station. In this reason, that can cope with the new RTCM version 2.4 quickly. However, the DGNSS Reference Station based RSIM 1.3 can not make the GNSS's PRC simultaneously and can not support RTCM version 2.4. Thus, in this paper, the version of RTCM 2.4 is analyzed and the RTCM version 2.4 message generating module's architecture for software DGNSS reference station is designed. 현재 사용가능한 측위위성은 GPS외에도 GLONASS, GALILEO, BeiDou, QZSS등으로 다양해 졌다. 그러나 측위 정확도를 높이는 보강 서비스인 Differential GPS는 RTCM 버전 2.3 표준을 따르고 있어 GPS에 대한 보정정보만을 서비스할 수 있다. 이에 RTCM에서는 모든 위성에 대한 보정정보를 사용자에게 서비스할 수 있도록 RTCM 버전 2.4표준을 제정하고 있다. 한국의 DGNSS 기준국은 소프트웨어로 제작된 시스템이 설치되어 있어 새로운 표준에 빠르게 대응할 수 있다. 그러나 현재의 RSIM 1.3기반 DGNSS 기준국시스템의 아키텍처는 동시에 여러 GNSS의 보정정보를 생성하지 못하고, RTCM 2.4 역시 지원하지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 RTCM 버전 2.4 표준을 분석하고 소프트웨어 DGNSS 기준국 시스템이 RTCM 버전 2.4 표준에 맞춰 동시에 여러개의 GNSS에 대한 RTCM 보정정보 메시지를 생성할 수 있도록 하는 아키텍처를 설계하였다.

한국 Differential GNSS 기술개발

장원석,Jang, WonSeok 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회지 Vol.17 No.1

나노프로브 공정기술

장원석,Jang, Won-Seok 재료연구소 2003 機械와 材料 Vol.15 No.4

Development of the SWAT DWDM for Accurate Estimation of Soil Erosion from an Agricultural field

장원석,박윤식,김종건,김남원,최중대,옥용식,양재의,임경재,Jang, Won-Seok,Park, Youn-Shik,Kim, Jong-Gun,Kim, Nam-Won,Choi, Joong-Dae,Ok, Yong-Sik,Yang, Jae-E,Lim, Kyoung-Jae The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.1

준분포형 모형인 SWAT 모형은 소유역내 수문학적 반응단위 별로 유출, 유사 등의 발생을 평가하는데 이때 Hydrological Response Unit (HRU)의 지형정보가 활용된다. 현재 SWAT 모형의 인터페이스 구조는, 각 소유역의 평균 지형인자 값이 각 소유역내의 모든 HRU의 지형정보로 사용된다. 그러므로 각 소유역내의 HRU에 있는 지형인자를 정확하게 추출하기 위해서는 수계를 자세하게 나누어야 하며, 이를 위해서 더욱 자세한 소유역 수계 인터페이스가 필요하다. 현재 SWAT 모형 인터페이스에서는 수계를 나눌 때 임계값의 최소값은 최대 flow accumulation 값의 0.1 %가 사용된다. 따라서 HRU의 지형인자를 추출하기 위해 아주 자세한 정도로 소유역의 수계를 나눈다는 것은 불가능하다. 본 연구에서는 사용자가 원하는 임계값과 농경지 경계를 근거하여 소유역 경계를 추가로 수계를 나눌 수 있는 Dual Watershed Delineation Module (DWDM) 을 개발하였다. 기존 SWAT의 수계추출 모듈로 유량을 모의한 결과 $27,219\;m^3$/month 가 산정되었고, DWDM 을 적용한 결과 $26,172\;m^3$/month 로 약 3.8 %의 미미한 차이가 생겼다. 하지만 유사의 경우 DWDM을 적용하기 전에는 0.779 ton/month, 적용 후에는 2.688 ton/month 로 약 245 %의 차이를 보였다. 즉 농경지를 추가적으로 수계를 나눌 때 유사의 가장 민감한 요소인 경사장을 실제지형에 맞게 고려함에 따라 좀 더 정확한 유사 산정을 할 수 있었다. 농경지에서의 정확한 수문 및 유사 평가 시 본 연구에서 개발한 모듈이 적용 되어야 한다고 사료된다.

변형 근치적 유방절제술 시행 환자의 방사선 치료 시 3D-bolus와 step-bolus의 비교 평가

장원석,박광우,신동봉,김종대,김세준,하진숙,전미진,조윤진,정인호,Jang, Wonseok,Park, Kwangwoo,Shin, Dongbong,Kim, Jongdae,Kim, Seijoon,Ha, Jinsook,Jeon, Mijin,Cho, Yoonjin,Jung, Inho 대한방사선치료학회 2016 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

목 적 : 변형 근치적 유방절제술(modified radical mastectomy, MRM)후 흉벽에 전자선 치료를 받는 환자에게 3D-bolus와 step-bolus를 각각 적용하여 유용성을 비교 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 본 연구는 광자선과 전자선을 이용한 역하키스틱법 방식으로 치료계획이 수립된 총 6명의 유방암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 전방흉벽에 대한 전자선 처방선량은 회당 180 cGy로 3D 프린터(CubeX, 3D systems, USA)로 제작된 3D-bolus와 본원에서 자체 제작한 기존의 stepbolus를 적용하였다. 3D-bolus와 step-bolus에 대한 표면선량은 GAFCHROMIC EBT3 film (International specialty products, USA)을 이용하여, bolus의 다섯 측정지점(iso-center, lateral, medial, superior, and inferior)에 대한 선량 값을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 또한 3D-bolus와 step-bolus 적용에 따른 치료계획을 각각 수립하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 표면선량은 3D-bolus 적용 시 평균 179.17 cGy이고 step-bolus는 172.02 cGy였다. 처방선량 180 cGy에 대한 평균 값의 오차율은 3D-bolus 적용 시 -0.47%이고 step-bolus는 -4.43%였다. 측정지점 iso-center에서의 오차율은 3D-bolus 적용 시 최대 2.69%의 차이를 보였고, step-bolus는 5.54%였다. 치료의 오차범위는 step-bolus에서 약 6%이고, 3D-bolus는 약 3%였다. 치료계획을 통해 비교한 흉벽의 평균 표적선량은 0.3%로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 폐와 심장의 평균 표적선량은 step-bolus에 비해 3D-bolus에서 -11%와 -8%로 감소하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과로 볼 때 흉벽에 대한 피부표면의 접촉면이 고려된 3D-bolus는 step-bolus에 비하여 환자 피부에 잘 밀착되고, 정밀한 흉벽두께 보상이 가능하기 때문에 선량 균일성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한 흉벽에 대한 선량은 동일하지만 인접장기의 선량을 감소시켜 정상조직을 더 많이 보호함으로써 3D-bolus가 임상적으로 유용한 보상체로 사용될 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : This study aimed to compare and evaluate between the efficiency of two respective devices, 3D-bolus and step-bolus when the devices were used for the treatment of patients whose chest walls were required to undergo the electron beam therapy after the surgical procedure of modified radical mastectomy, MRM. Materials and Methods : The treatment plan of reverse hockey stick method, using the photon beam and electron beam, had been set for six breast cancer patients and these 6 breast cancer patients were selected to be the subjects for this study. The prescribed dose of electron beam for anterior chest wall was set to be 180 cGy per treatment and both the 3D-bolus, produced using 3D printer(CubeX, 3D systems, USA) and the self-made conventional step-bolus were used respectively. The surface dose under 3D-bolus and step-bolus was measured at 5 measurement spots of iso-center, lateral, medial, superior and inferior point, using GAFCHROMIC EBT3 film (International specialty products, USA) and the measured value of dose at 5 spots was compared and analyzed. Also the respective treatment plan was devised, considering the adoption of 3D-bolus and stepbolus and the separate treatment results were compared to each other. Results : The average surface dose was 179.17 cGy when the device of 3D-bolus was adopted and 172.02 cGy when step-bolus was adopted. The average error rate against the prescribed dose of 180 cGy was -(minus) 0.47% when the device of 3D-bolus was adopted and it was -(minus) 4.43% when step-bolus was adopted. It was turned out that the maximum error rate at the point of iso-center was 2.69%, in case of 3D-bolus adoption and it was 5,54% in case of step-bolus adoption. The maximum discrepancy in terms of treatment accuracy was revealed to be about 6% when step-bolus was adopted and to be about 3% when 3D-bolus was adopted. The difference in average target dose on chest wall between 3D-bolus treatment plan and step-bolus treatment plan was shown to be insignificant as the difference was only 0.3%. However, to mention the average prescribed dose for the part of lung and heart, that of 3D-bolus was decreased by 11% for lung and by 8% for heart, compared to that of step-bolus. Conclusion : It was confirmed through this research that the dose uniformity could be improved better through the device of 3D-bolus than through the device of step-bolus, as the device of 3D-bolus, produced in consideration of the contact condition of skin surface of chest wall, could be attached to patients' skin more nicely and the thickness of chest wall can be guaranteed more accurately by the device of 3D-bolus. It is considered that 3D-bolus device can be highly appreciated clinically because 3D-bolus reduces the dose on the adjacent organs and make the normal tissues protected, while that gives no reduction of dose on chest wall.

브라켓 하향식 BRD 공법의 시뮬레이션 모델

장원석,전상은,이동은,Jang, Won-Suk,Jun, Sang-Eun,Lee, Dong-Eun 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.3

Bracket supported R/C Downward (BRD) method is an advanced construction method which is free from using supports, short pillars propping up a veranda floor. It allows placing concrete downward by gradually descending slab forms which are united with gird and beam forms. BRD method descents the slab forms which are suspended by threads using brackets and bracket attachment apparatuses. It maximizes the cost saving and the reuses of equipments relative to BRD form by reusing them as many as the numbers of the basement stories. This paper presents a simulation model that facilitates to model and analyze the productivity of BRD operation. By conducting motion and time study, resource processes of the operation and their tasks of the processes are defined. These atomic tasks are used as a building block to implement a simulation model that reflects the real world BRD operation on the job site. The model contributes to improve productivity of the operation by identifying the optimal resource combination and the productivity delay factors in BRD operation. A case study is implemented to verify the usability and validity of the system in practice.

극하근과 대원근에 적용한 전침이 견관절 기능 개선 및 통증 경감에 미치는 영향

장원석,배성수,Jang, Won-Seok,Bae, Sung-Soo 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Purpose: This study examined the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation of the infraspinatus and teres major on the shoulder function reduction. The subjects consisted of 20 female patients with a shoulder dysfunction. Methods: The 20 female patients with shoulder dysfunction participated voluntary in this research. 10 minute electro-acupuncture stimulation (frequency: 5Hz, Intensity: below the pain threshold) with Infra-red therapy, 3 times per week given to the patients' Trigger point of the infraspinatus and teres major. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Apley's Scratch Test and Global Perceived Effect Scale (GPES) were examined before alter six applications. Results: There was a significant decrease in the VAS (p<0.05) and Apley's Scratch Test (p<0.05). In addition, there was statistically significant increase in the Global Perceived Effect Scale (p<0.05). Therefore, the infraspinatus and teres major is a very important muscle for the shoulder function. Conclusion: This data will be used to develop a treatment method for patients with a shoulder dysfunction. These results suggest that the electro-acupuncture stimulation into the infraspinatus and the teres major Trigger point is an effective intervention for patients with shoulder dysfunction and pain.

침 근전도로 측정한 만성 요통 환자의 어깨 굴곡시 나타나는 다열근 활성도 비교

장원석,Jang, Won-Seok 대한물리치료과학회 2011 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of study is activation of lumbar multifidus muscle by needle EMG during shoulder flexion in chronic low back pain patients. The subject were consisted of 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymtomatic subject 10 women. Methods : 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women is voluntary participated for the research. Subjects were positioned in standing. The needle EMG were measured activation of multifidus. Needle electrode was used to 28 gauge. The shoulder flexion movement used to activate the multifidus was then measured. Results : Results of the analysis showed that asymptomatic subjects had significantly larger multifidus muscle activation compared with CLBP subjects during shoulder flexion. Conclusion : This study will be used as multifidus measurement method of patient with chronic LBP. The multifidus muscle in chronic LBP patient clinical significance. Most of chronic LBP patients have multifidus contraction pattern. Therefore chronic LBP patients necessary multifidus activation measurement with needle EMG.

UR에 대한 미국의 시각과 우리의 대응책

장원석,Jang, Won-Seok 대한양돈협회 1991 養豚 Vol.13 No.4