Trichlorosilane 의 환원에 의한 고순도 Silicon 제조

이종화,주웅길,고경신 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1976 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Among the several known processes of semiconductor-grade silicon production, the hydrogen reduction of trichlosilane (TCS) is found to be the most convenient and economical method. In this study of high purity silicon production, the open tube flow process is used to reduce TCS with hydrogen. 99.9% pure TCS, manufactured by Ventron, is distilled for the starting material in the reduction. The distilled TCS is vaporized by bubbling at 0℃ with small quantity of hydrogen in a quartz tube. The resultant yield is compared with the theoretical one calculated thermodynamically. The yield of silicon is 60-70% at the optimum condition of 1100℃ reaction temperature and 60-100 mole ratio of hydrogen to TCS. Surface of the deposited silicon, a polycrystalline dense mass of lustrous appearance, is treated with hydrofluoric acid. By the emission spectroscopy the purity of silicon product is determined to be higher than 99.999%.

분만 후 발생한 간피막하 혈종 1 예

이종화,김도하,박철각,양연철,정구영,이청숙 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage is a rare complication of pregnancy usually associated with severe preeclampsia or the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome. It usually occurs during the latter part of pregnancy or the postpartum period. Although it is a rare pregnancy related liver disease, it could be a life-threatening condition, especially if it is found after rupture. The incidence is high among the older and multiparous women, but the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully understood yet. We experienced a patient having a subcapsular hematoma during the postpartum period that was not associated with preeclampsia. She began to have right flank and shoulder pain two days after delivery. Abdominal CT scan revealed a 7 ×12 ×20 cm sized sub capsular hematoma without rupture. She was treated conservatively with a percutaneous hepatic drainage. Nineteen days after the procedure, she was discharged without any complication. Two months later, follow-up ultrasonography shod only minimal amount of hematoma.

文中表現「など」について ―日韓対応―

이종화 대한일어일문학회 2005 일어일문학 Vol.28 No.-

Exchange Rate Regimes and Economic Linkages

이종화,신관호 한국국제경제학회 2010 International Economic Journal Vol.24 No.1

We investigate how the exchange rate regime influences economic linkages between countries. We divide the exchange rate regime into three classifications: currency union, peg and floating exchange rates. Unlike most studies that solely focus on the relationship between anchor and client countries, we infer the exchange rate regime between any two countries based on their relationship to the common anchor currency. Then we empirically explore how the various exchange rate regimes impact on bilateral trade, output co-movement and risk sharing. The extent of risk sharing is measured by consumption co-movement relative to output co-movement. We find that while currency union has the greatest effect, the peg regime also significantly boosts trade. We also find that while the peg regime contributes to both output and consumption co-movements, currency union strengthens only consumption co-movement and possibly lowers output co-movement. We interpret these findings to indicate that currency union, the strictest form of pegged regimes, leads to higher industry specialization and better risk sharing opportunities than the less strict peg regime.

수생식물의 중금속 흡수능에 관한 연구

이종화,함용규,박종안 한국환경독성학회 1996 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

In this study, we investgated the uptake capacity of several water plants for heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in soil of rivers where are adjacent to a industrial complex in Chun-An city and in A-San city. We also examined the deposition pattern of heavy metal in plants. The results are as follows: 1. The soil of river in Chun-An city was polluted more serious than that of A-San city. In Chun-An city, mean values of lead and cadmium contents in soil were 26.224±28.037㎍/g, and 0.854±1.127㎍/g, respectively. 2. Water plants examined in this study were Sium suave KITAGAWA, Persicaria thunbergii H. GROSS, Phragmites japonica STEUD, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea WIGHT and Persicaria hydropiper SPACH. Both metal contents of several water plants distributed in Chun-An city were higher than those in A-San city. In these plants, Sium suave showed the highest uptake capacity for lead and cadmium. The mean values of lead and cadmium contents in Sium suave were 40.957 ±29.577 ㎍/g and 1.930±1.076 ㎍/g, respectively. Persicaria thunbergii also showed a relatively high uptake capacity for both metal. 3. Correlation between metal contents in soil and water plants was high. In both cases of Sium suave and Persicaria thunbergii correlation coefficients were 0.605 and 0.549, respectively. 4. We analyzed lead and cadmium contents in root, stem and leaf of several water plants. Both metals were mostly deposited in root. Much of both metals were also deposited in leaf. From the results, we suggest that Sium suave KITAGAWA and Persicaria thunbergii H. GROSS can be used to reduce heavy metals from industrial waste water.

Identifying Natural Trading Partners for South Korea

이종화 한국무역학회 2009 Journal of Korea trade Vol.13 No.3

This study attempts to identify “natural trading partners” for South Korea using a modified gravity model. Unlike previous research, our econometric methodology adopts the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) estimator and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. In addition, for our robustness check, we introduce “time-varying country dummies” to control for “multilateral resistance”, and “country-pair fixed effect” to control for unobserved bilateral heterogeneity. Several features deserve attention. First, the lagged dependent variable (1-period lag) is statistically significant; thus, we can admit the existence of a “persistence effect”. Second, the coefficients on trade-creating effects in our LSVD and system GMM are likely to be upward biased. Third, considering the coefficients on extra-bloc trade, the trade-diverting effect does not seem to constitute a significant drawback. Fourth, we can conclude that the “natural trading partners” for Korea appear to be the European Union (EU) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Consequently, the “volume of trade” criterion is the most suitable candidate for identifying “natural trading partners”. Keywords: Country-pair fixed effect, LSDV Estimator, Natural Trading Partner, System GMM Estimation, Time-varying country fixed effect 8 I. Introduction Recently, regional trade agreements (RTAs) in East Asia have proliferated rapidly. Motivated by open regionalism and “concerted unilateral liberalization” through the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) principles set out in the mid-1990s, countries in East Asia have become used to pursuing non-preferential trade liberalization. However, the situation changed in 1998 when countries in the region were hit by a financial crisis. This study attempts to identify “natural trading partners” for South Korea using a modified gravity model. Unlike previous research, our econometric methodology adopts the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) estimator and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. In addition, for our robustness check, we introduce “time-varying country dummies” to control for “multilateral resistance”, and “country-pair fixed effect” to control for unobserved bilateral heterogeneity. Several features deserve attention. First, the lagged dependent variable (1-period lag) is statistically significant; thus, we can admit the existence of a “persistence effect”. Second, the coefficients on trade-creating effects in our LSVD and system GMM are likely to be upward biased. Third, considering the coefficients on extra-bloc trade, the trade-diverting effect does not seem to constitute a significant drawback. Fourth, we can conclude that the “natural trading partners” for Korea appear to be the European Union (EU) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Consequently, the “volume of trade” criterion is the most suitable candidate for identifying “natural trading partners”. Keywords: Country-pair fixed effect, LSDV Estimator, Natural Trading Partner, System GMM Estimation, Time-varying country fixed effect 8 I. Introduction Recently, regional trade agreements (RTAs) in East Asia have proliferated rapidly. Motivated by open regionalism and “concerted unilateral liberalization” through the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) principles set out in the mid-1990s, countries in East Asia have become used to pursuing non-preferential trade liberalization. However, the situation changed in 1998 when countries in the region were hit by a financial crisis.

신생아에서 BCG 피내접종 후 2 TU PPD RT23의 투베르쿨린 반응성

이종화,오성희 대한소아청소년과학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.43 No.11

Purpose : 2 TU of PPD RT23 has been substituted for 5 TU of PPD RT23 since 1998 in Korea without adequate evaluation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the tuberculin reactivity to 2 TU of PPD RT23 following intradermal BCG vaccination in neonates. The results were compared with the previous report generated with 5 TU of PPD RT23 in 1993. Methods : Two hundred neonates born from October 1998 to April 1999 in Hanyang University Hospital were vaccinated with 0.1mL of BCG(Institute Meriéux, France) intradermally and tested for tuberculin response to 2 TU of PPD RT23 three months later. Results : Among the total 200 infants, 31 showed no response on Mantoux test and the remaining 169 infants showed induration in diameter of 7.5■2.4mm in bell shaped distribution(155 fullterm infants : 7.7■2.3mm, 14 premature infants : 5.2■2.2mm). When the diameter of induration was equal to or greater than 5 mm considered for positive tuberculin response, the positive rate of tuberculin response in fullterm infants was 80.7%(146/181 infants) and significantly greater than 52.6%(9/19 infants) in premature infants(P=0.0119). Conclusion : Tuberculin reactivity to 2 TU of PPD RT23 on infants vaccinated with BCG during neonatal period appears to be lower than that to 5 TU of PPD RT23 reported previously, indicating that a new criteria for tuberculin reactivity to 2 TU of PPD RT23 should be established in future studies. 목 적 : BCG를 접종 받은 경우에는 PPD에 대한 반응이 결핵에 감염되었기 때문인지 혹은 BCG를 접종 받았기 때문인지 구별하는 것이 쉽지 않으나 아직도 결핵 유병률이 상당수준에 이르는 현실에서는 망토우검사의 필요성이 존속하여 PPD 반응의 평가 기준을 확립하는 것이 요구된다. 더욱이 얼마전까지 사용되어오던 5 TU PPD의 공급이 중단되었고 1998년부터는 2 TU PPD만이 공급되기 시작하여 2 TU PPD에 대한 결핵 진단 기준 등 BCG 접종 후 반응 크기의 평가에 대한 조사가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 저자는 신생아기에 BCG를 피내 접종 받은 영아들에서 2 TU PPD를 이용한 망토우 검사를 시행하여, 신생아 시기에 접종한 BCG에 대한 PPD 반응 정도를 파악하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 10월부터 1999년 4월까지 한양대학병원에서 출생한 신생아 200명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들 대상아들은 모체를 포함한 가족 식구 중 결핵 환자가 없고, 다른 결핵환자에 노출된 과거력이 없었다. 생후 약 1개월경 BCG(Institute Meri ux, France) 0.1mL를 상박 삼각근 부위에 피내 접종하였으며, 접종 약 3개월 후 2 TU PPD RT23 시약(Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen)으로 망토우 검사를 실시하였다. 망토우 검사는 전박 굴측에 26 G 주사침으로 PPD시약 0.1mL를 피내 주입하여 직경 6-10mm의 팽윤부 형성을 확인하였으며, PPD접종 후 48-72시간에 경결의 크기를 판독하였다.

NGN 환경에서의 멀티미디어 서비스 표준화 동향

이종화,강신각,Yi, J.H.,Kang, S.G. 한국전자통신연구원 2007 전자통신동향분석 Vol.22 No.6

통신 방송간 융합, 음성 데이터의 통합 그리고 유 무선이 하나로 통합되는 NGN 환경에서 고부가가치 창출이 가능한 다양한 형태의 서비스 개발과 상용화 노력이 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 또한, 통신/서비스 사업자들은 인터넷 전화, 영상 전화, IPTV 등 신규 서비스 시장 개척을 위한 준비에 박차를 가하고 있다. 발전된 서비스 시장을 위한 노력은 국제 표준화 단체들의 기술 표준화 활동을 통해서도 진행되고 있다. NGN 멀티미디어 서비스(MoIP) 표준화는 ITU-T를 비롯한 ETSI TISPAN과 3GPP 중심으로 진행되어, 현재 다양한 서비스 기술 표준이 제정되어 있다. 본 고에서는 이들 국제 표준화 단체에서 진행중인 멀티미디어 서비스 표준화 동향을 살펴보고자 하며, 또한 국내에서 멀티미디어 서비스 활성화를 위해 추진중인 현황을 소개하고자 한다.

Cyclobuxine D의 토끼 적출 장관에 대한 작용

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김종배,김정목,김유재,김천숙,차영덕,김영석 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.1

초등영어 교육과정 탐색: 기능과 형식을 중심으로

이종화 全州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2021 初等敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 현행 2015 개정 초등영어 교육과정을 의사소통기능과 언어형식 의 관점에서 분석해보고 발전적 개선점을 제안하고자 한 것이다. 교육과정은 해당 교과교육을 올바르게 이끌어 가기 위한 하나의 지침서이다. 따라서 학습자의 필요와 요구를 반영하면서 교사가 유용하게 교수 학습을 이끌어갈 수 있도록 설계되어야 한 다. 언어교육의 목적은 의사소통능력을 향상시키는데 있다. 언어의 본질적 측면에서 볼 때 의사소통은 언어형식과 의미의 상호보완적 관계로부터 시작된다. 의사소통이 잘 이루어지기 위해서는 대화의 목적과 주제, 의사소통 상황과 더불어 내용을 담을 수 있는 언어적 틀, 다시 말하면 언어형식이 필요하다. 의사소통기능과 예시문만 제 시하고 언어 구조에 대한 지식 없이 영어를 학습하는 것은 우리나라와 같은 EFL 환 경에서는 적합하지 못하다. 언어형식은 유창성을 강조하는 의사소통기능 중심의 초 등영어 교육과정에서도 정확성을 소홀히 하지 않기 위해 꼭 필요하기 때문이다.