누룩과 입국의 종류를 달리한 식초의 품질 특성 비교 연구

홍정의(Jeong-Eui Hong),손은심(Eun-Shim Son),정철(Chul Cheong) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.8

본 연구에서는 누룩과 입국의 종류를 달리하여 식초를 제조한 후 품질을 비교하였으며, 향후 이를 활용한 식초제조의 품질지표 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 측정한 pH는 4.2~4.7로 차이가 없었지만 개량누룩이 4.20으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 총 9종의 유기산이 검출되었으며, 유기산 중 젖산과 호박산이 시험구에 관계없이 높은 농도를 보였다. 식초의 향기성분을 분석한 결과 에스터의 경우 총 6개가 검출되었는데, 그중 에틸아세테이트(0.7~7.9 ppm)와 이소아밀아세테이트(1.9~4.0 ppm)가 모든 시험구에서 가장 많이 검출되었다. 고급 알코올류는 4종 검출되었고 총 고급 알코올 농도는 3.4~7.9 ppm을 보였다. 각 식초의 항산화 성분 함량 결과 ABTS+ 인 경우, 개량누룩이, DPPH의 경우, 진주곡자, 개량누룩 그리고 입국을 이용한 식초에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀의 경우 개량누룩을 이용하여 제조한 식초에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 단맛의 경우 입국이, 신맛의 경우 입국과 송학곡자, 산성누룩이, 감칠맛의 경우 개량누룩과 입국, 향의 경우 개량누룩과 홍국이 가장 높게 나타났다. 전반적인 기호도의 경우 개량누룩이 가장 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에서 누룩과 입국의 7종류를 달리해서 제조한 식초 중에서 개량누룩을 사용한 식초는 저산도 식초로서 총 폴리페놀 함량이 많고 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성 등 항산화 활성이 우수하여 국민건강 향상을 위한 새로운 기능성 식초로서 활용도가 높을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to compare the different types and qualities of Nuruk and Koji, and the quality of the vinegar produced from them. The study intended to provide basic quality indicator data for vinegar production. The pH of cultured Nuruk was the highest and a total of 9 types of organic acids were detected. Among the organic acids, lactic acid and succinic acid showed high concentrations regardless of the test group . A total of 6 esters were detected when the fragrance component of vinegar was analyzed. Four higher alcohols were detected and the total higher alcohol concentration was 3.4~7.9 ppm. While analyzing the antioxidant content, ABTS+ was significantly higher in vinegar prepared using cultured Nuruk while DPPH was significantly higher in vinegar prepared using Jinjugokja, cultured Nuruk, and Koji. Total polyphenol content was significantly higher in vinegar prepared using cultured Nuruk. The highest scores were observed for Koji for sweet taste, for Koji, Songhakgokja, and Sanseong Nuruk for sour taste, cultured Nuruk, Koji for umami taste, cultured Nuruk, Hongguk for flavor, and cultured Nuruk had the highest score for overall preference. From the above results, among the 7 types of vinegar prepared, vinegar using cultured Nuruk is a low-acid vinegar, high in total polyphenol content, with excellent antioxidant characteristics such as DPPH radical scavenging activity. This may be termed as a new functional vinegar for improving national health and it can be expected that customer acceptance for this product will be high.

세계건축공간의 이론과 역사

홍정은 ( Jeong-eun Hong ) 숙명여자대학교 디자인연구소 2021 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.30 No.-

현재 코로나로 인해 사람들이 모여서 관람해야 하는 공연예술은 열악한 상황에 놓여있다. 비대면, 언택트의 시대이지만 아직 삶의 즐거움을 주는 공연과 그 공연을 위한 극장은 여전히 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 극장의 형태가 역사적으로 처음 등장했던 시기인 고대 그리스 건축물 중 디오니소스 극장과 에피다우로스 극장을 통해 극장의 형태와 구조와 같은 극장의 요소에 대해 알아보고, 현재 4차 산업기술의 발전과 비대면, 언택트 시대에 맞추어 공연예술의 형태를 담는 장소인 극장이 어떻게 변화해야 하는가에 관한 연구를 하고자 한다. The performing arts that people have to gather and watch are now in a poor situation due to Covid-19. Although it is an era of non-face-to-face and non contact, it is still necessary performances that give joy in life and theaters for those performances. Therefore, this study first examines the elements of the theater, such as the shape and structure of the theater, through the Dionysus Theater and Epidaurus Theater, which are ancient Greek architectures which the form of the theater first appeared. Furthermore, this research aims to study how theaters, which are places that contain the form of performing arts, should change in line with the development of fourth industrial technology, non-face-to-face and non contact era.

24개월 유아 어머니의 양육스트레스 특성 분석과 양육군집 탐색에 대한 연구

홍정은 ( Jeong-eun Hong ),홍수종 ( Soo-jong Hong ),이경숙 ( Kyung-sook Lee ) 한국영유아아동정신건강학회 2022 영유아아동정신건강연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 24개월 유아 어머니의 양육스트레스 특성을 분석하고, 어머니의 양육스트레스, 우울, 불안, 결혼만족도 4가지 요인에 대한 군집분석을 통해 양육군집을 탐색했다. 본 연구의 대상자는 국립보건연구원 소아호흡기알레르기질환 장기 추적 코호트 연구(COCOA: Cohort for Childhood Origins of Asthma and Allergic Diseases)의 24개월경 영유아 정신발달검사에 참여한 어머니 986명이었고, 다중회귀분석과 군집분석을 실시하였다. 양육스트레스 특성을 분석한 결과, 아동영역에서 주의산만·과잉행동, 부모영역에서는 역할제한이 가장 스트레스가 높았다. 군집분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 불안정 양육집단은 우울, 불안, 결혼불만족, 양육스트레스가 가장 높은 집단으로 애착, 관여, 양육효능감, 훈육과 관계좌절감에 가장 부적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모 특성 양육취약집단은 우울, 불안, 결혼불만족감이 두 번째로 높고, 양육스트레스의 부모영역에서 높은 수준을 보인 집단으로 부모-자녀관계에서 다른 집단에 비해 상대적으로 부적 영향력이 낮았다. 셋째, 아동특성 양육취약집단은 아동영역의 양육스트레스가 높은 집단으로 부모-자녀관계의 애착영역에 가장 높은 부적인 영향을 가진 특징으로 나타났다. 넷째, 안정 양육집단은 우울, 불안, 결혼불만족, 양육스트레스가 가장 낮은 집단이었다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 유아기 양육특성에 따른 군집유형의 결과를 적용하여 영유아정신건강을 증진시키기 위한 유아기 양육특성별 부모 양육지원 프로그램을 개발하는데 사용될 수 있다. This study analyzes the parenting stress characteristics of mothers of 24-month-old infants using the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Test (K-PSI) and explores parenting clusters through cluster analysis of four factors: parenting stress, anxiety, depression, and marital satisfaction. The participants were 986 mothers at 24 months after childbirth, which is based on the longitudinal study on mental development of infants and toddlers as part of the Cohort for Childhood Origins of Asthma and Allergic Diseases_(COCOA) study, a long-term follow-up study sponsored by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention_(KCDC). To analyze the data, cluster analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of parenting stress, distraction in the child area and role limitation in the parent area were the highest. As a result of analysis, four types of clusters were classified. First, The unstable parenting group showed the highest for the four factors. This group was found to have the most negative effect on parent-child relationship. Second, The mother characteristic parenting weak group showed a high level of parenting stress in the parent area. This group was relatively less influential in the parent-child relationship. Third, The child characteristic parenting weak group was a group with high parenting stress in the child area. This group was found to have the highest negative effect on the attachment. Fourth, The stable parenting group showed the lowest for the four factors. The study can be used to develop a parenting support program by applying the results of the four cluster types.

영양지원팀의 임상적 적용 방법

김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),김주미 ( Ju Mee Kim ),김미형 ( Mi Hyung Kim ),권택수 ( Taek Su Kwon ),이혜승 ( Hye Seung Lee ),목희정 ( Hee Jung Mok ),홍정임 ( Jeong Im Hong ),김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ),김현경 ( Hyun Kyung Kim ),정성진 ( Sun 한국정맥경장영양학회 2013 한국정맥경장영양학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Purpose: Most hospitals have been reply to the consultation if the needed departments consult with the Nutritional Support Team (NST) for patient evaluation and management. However, as a common occurrence, some people requiring treatment cannot receive care due to lack of cognition of nutritional support and lack of resources for assessment of nutritional status. Methods: We provide an indication for screening of patients and for active nutritional support. Indications include symptoms that reflect the conditions of increasing nutritional requirement and decreasing nutritional supply. Two surgical wards and surgical intensive care unit were included and nursing teams recommended patients to the NST by interviewing inpatients if they met the indications. Results: We included 60 patients referred to the NST before applying for screening, from January 2005 to January 2009 and 44 patients selected for only five months by the NST after applying for screening. The number of consultations showed a slow decrease, 27 in 2005, 23 in 2006 to 10 in 2007, before applying for screening, but increased significantly to 44 for only five months after applying for screening. While the number of departments applying to the NST was five departments in 2005, six departments in 2006, and two departments in 2007, it increased significantly to eight departments. After applying for screening, the most common cause was ‘artificial nutrition longer than five days’ in 48.1%; the second cause was ‘poor nutrition status’ in 13.5%, and the third was ‘significant weight loss’ or ‘gastrointestinal function change’ in 8%. Moderate risk patients showed improvement and shifted to minor risk patients and normal patients. The rate of improvement was approximately 47.7%. Conclusion: The screening tools should be simple, as well as easy to use. Therefore, using this tool, we must actively select patients with poor nutrition and apply the screening tools rapidly. (J Korean Soc Parenter Enter Nutr 2013;5(3):117-121)

Wrap Through 태양전지의 효율 향상을 위한 Hole 가공과 열처리 기술

홍근기(Hong, Keun-Kee),이대종(Lee, Dae-Jong),정우원(Jung, Woo-Won),이홍구(Lee, Hong-Gu),현덕환(Hyun, Deoc-Hwan),양병기(Yang, Byung-Ki),이성은(Lee, Seong-Eun),조재억(Cho, Jae-Eock),홍정의(Hong, Jeong-Eui) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

In contrast to the conventional crystalline, back-contact solar cells feature high efficiencies, simpler module assembly, and better aesthetics. The highest commercialized cell and module efficiency is recorded by n-type back-contact solar cells. However, the mainstream PV industry uses p-type substrate instead of n-type due to high costs and complexity of manufacturing processes. Therefore p-type back-contact solar cells such as metal wrap-through and emitter wrap-through which are low cost and compatible with current PV industry have been developed. In this paper, we studied for hole formation process and firing process of EWT solar cells, status and prospects for development of EWT solar cell will be discussed.

Phosphate가 제거된 단순배양액 중 아미노산의 첨가가 체외수정시술 후 임신율에 미치는 영향

이지삼,홍정의,유승환,정구성,홍기언,전은숙,허영문,이종인,Lee, Ji-Sam,Hong, Jeong-Eui,Yoo, Seung-Hwan,Jung, Goo-Sung,Hong, Ki-Eon,Jeon, Eun-Suk,Hur, Young-Mun,Lee, Jong-In 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.2

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<$4{\times}10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.

인공수정시술주기에서 내인성 LH, GnRH Agonist 및 hCG를 이용한 배란유발후 임신율의 비교연구

이종인,허영문,전은숙,윤정임,정구성,홍기언,유승환,이현숙,홍정의,이지삼,Lee, Jong-In,Hur, Young-Mun,Jeon, Eun-Suk,Yoon, Jeong-Im,Jung, Goo-Sung,Hong, Ki-Eon,You, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Hyeon-Sook,Hong, Jeong-Eui,Lee, Ji-Sam 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of endogenous LH surge, GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as ovulation trigger on pregnancy rate by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method: Patients received daily 100 mg of clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days starting on the third day of the menstrual cycle followed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for ovulation induction. Follicles larger than >16 mm in diameter were present in the ovary, frequent LH tests in urine were introduced to detect an endogenous LH surge. Final follicular maturation and ovulation were induced by GnRH-a 0.1 mg (s.c.) or hCG $5,000{\sim}10,000$ IU (i.m.) administration except natural ovulation. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. Results: There were no differences in age, duration of infertility and follicle size, but more ampules of hMG were used in GnRH-a group compared to hCG 10,000 IU treated group (p<0.05). Lower level of estradiol ($E_2$) on the day of hCG or GnRH-a injection was observed in hCG 10,000 IU group than other treatment groups (p<0.01). The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 19.8% per cycle (32/162) and 22.2% per patient (32/144). Pregnancy rate was higher in natural-endogenous LH surge group (37.5%, 9/24) than GnRH-a (18.8%) or hCG treated group (20.9% & 13.9%), but this difference was not statistically significant. No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rate was 22.2% (2/9) in hCG 5,000 IU group. Delivery or ongoing pregnancy rate was 37.5% (9/24), 18.8% (3/16), 16.3% (7/43) and 13.9% (11/79) in endogenous LH surge, GnRH-a, hCG 5,000 IU and hCG 10,000 IU treatment groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results support the concept that use of natural-endogenous LH surge in stimulated cycles may be more effective to obtain pregnancies by IUI than GnRH-a or hCG administration.

Clomiphene Citrate와 FSH 또는 Clomiphene Citrate와 hMG의 연속병합에 의한 배란유도주기에서 인공수정 후 임신율의 비교

정구성,홍기언,유승환,이현숙,이종인,허영문,전은숙,윤정임,홍정의,이지삼,Jung, Goo-Sung,Hong, Ki-Eon,You, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Hyeon-Sook,Lee, Jong-In,Hur, Young-Mun,Jeon, Eun-Suk,Yoon, Jeong-Im,Hong, Jeong-Eui,Lee, Ji-Sam 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of CC+FSH or CC+hMG in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles for the treatment of infertility. Method: Patients received daily 100 mg of clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days followed by hMG or FSH. A single IUI was performed at 36 h after hCG. Clinical pregnancy was classified if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 19.1% per cycle (17/89) and 21.5% per patient (17/79). More clinical pregnancies were recorded in CC+FSH (23.1%, 6/26) than CC+ hMG cycles (17.5%, 11/63), but this difference was not statistically significant. No differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, levels of estradiol ($E_2$) on the day of hCG injection and total motile sperm counts between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. However, more ampules of gonadotropins were used in pregnant group than non-pregnant group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combination of CC and hMG may economically be more effective to induce ovulation for IUI compared to CC and FSH.

상용 영양수액 투여 시 적정 비단백열량 질소 비율에 따른 수액 투여량 결정을 위한 도구의 개발

홍정 ( Jeong Hong ),이영주 ( Young Joo Lee ),송미경 ( Mee Kyung Song ),은명온 ( Myoung On Eun ),김미향 ( Mee Hyang Kim ),이연희 ( Youn Hee Lee ),안연희 ( Youn Hee Ahn ),김지양 ( Jee Yang Kim ) 한국정맥경장영양학회 2009 한국정맥경장영양학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to make a numeric table for easy adjustment of the amount of 5% dextrose solution or 10% fat emulsion solution when added to a 2- or 3-chamber nutrient stock solution. Methods: Nutrient stock solutions were designated as group A or B according to the non-protein calorie-to-nitrogen ratio(NCR). The NCR of groups A and B was approximately 100 : 1 and 150 : 1, respectively. The weight (g) of protein which is to be administered to the patient was arranged in increasing order from 30~100 g in increments of 2 g. An imaginary NCR was arranged from 110 : 1 to 150 : 1.The difference between the imaginary NCR and the NCR of the nutrient stock solution (A) was multiplied by the grams of protein, which is the equivalent amount of additionally administrable calories. Each calorie value was divided by 3.4 or 1.1 to obtain a volume of 5% dextrose solution or 10% fat emulsion, and arranged in increasing order. All calculations were made with a Microsoft Excel program. Results: The numeric table was made for 2- and 3-chamber solutions in group A. The numeric table for the 2-chamber solution was set for determination of the volume and infusion rate of a 10% fat emulsion. The numeric table for the 3-chamber solution was for determination of the volume of a 5% dextrose solution. Conclusion: This numeric table can be easily used in adjusting the amount of 5% dextrose solution and 10% fat emulsion at the bedside. (KJPEN 2009;2(1):19-23)

Codiaeum variegatum ‘Yellow Jade’ 의 斑葉形成에 미치는 光度와 Uniconazole 및 Gibberellin의 效果

薛鍾湖(Sul Jong Ho),洪庭(Hong Jeong),高正恩(Ko Jung Eun),朴天虎(Pak Chun Ho),郭炳華(Kwack Beyoung Hwa) 한국원예학회 1997 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.38 No.3