음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석

최혜영,이주선,최상길,김은미,김재균,김영운,임미애,정희선,Choi, Hye-Young,Lee, Ju-Seon,Choi, Sang-Kil,Kim, Eun-Mi,Kim, Jae-Kyun,Kim, Young-Woon,Lim, Mi-Ae,Chung, Hee-Sun 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

랫드 궁둥신경에서 말이집틈새의 형성과 Neurofascin 발현 연관에 대한 면역세포화학적연구

최혜영,조익현,이종환,남상섭,장병준,Choi, Hye-Young,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Chang, Byung-Joon 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure in the sciatic nerve, the localization of neurofascin was studied with electron microscopy, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy. In the electron microscopy, the first formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure was checked at postnatal day 6 and the complete form of incisures traversing the whole myelin sheath began to be observed at postnatal day 8. In the immunofluorescence, neurofascin immunoreactive Schmidt-Lantermann incisures were first checked at postnatal day 6 and dramatically increased with aging by postnatal day 56. In the immunoelectron microscopy, neurofascin immunoreactive gold particles at the incisure forming sites were first observed at postnatal day 6 and the number of gold particles was increased as the animal was getting old by postnatal day 56. According to the present study, neurofascin is likely to have some relationships with Schmidt-Lantermann incisure formation.

카리소프로돌 중독사의 치사혈중농도 및 조직분포

최혜영,최화경,이주선,우상희,이한선,박유신,정희선,Choi Hye Young,Choi Hwa Kyung,Lee Ju Seon,Woo Sang Hee,Lee Han Sun,Park Yoo Sin,Chung Hee Sun 대한임상독성학회 2003 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Carisoprodol (CSP) is commonly prescribed as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Recently, we encountered 7 suicidal cases in which carisoprodol was detected. We developed a rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of CSP and meprobamate (MPB) by GC and GC/MS. Postmortem blood concentrations of CSP and MPB ranged 22.9-124.4 ,$\mu$g/ml and its metabolite, 26.8-144.5 ,$\mu$g/ml respectively. Among 7 cases studied, Only CSP was ingested in 4 cases and combination of CSP and dextromethorphan was ingested in 2 cases according to the case history and one case was with ethanol. The order of the tissue concentration of CSP and MPB was liver> kidney > brain, and the concentration of MPB was higher than that of CSP in all tissues. The MPB /CSP concentration ratios of urine, bile juice, liver, kidney, brain and blood were 15.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. There was a big difference in concentration of CSP and MPB in 7 cases due to differences in the amount of dose administered and time to death after dosing.

참산부추(Allium sacculiferum Max.) 메탄올 추출물의 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 및 지질 축적 억제 효능

최혜영(Hye-Young Choi),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 Allium 속 식물의 하나인 참산부추(ASM) 메탄올 추출물의 ROS 생성 저해 및 지질 축적 억제 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 ASM 메탄올 추출물 100~2,000 μg/mL의 모든 농도에서 유의적인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, 지방전구 세포에 ASM 메탄올 추출물 10~100 μg/mL를 처리하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방세포 내 ROS 관련 효소와 분화 관련 전사인자의 조절로 인한 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하기 위하여 지방전구세포를 분화 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별(10, 50, 100 μg/mL)로 처리하였다. 그 결과 ASM 메탄올 추출물은 대조군에 비해 ROS 생성량과 ROS 관련 효소인 G6PDH mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 ASM 메탄올 추출물에 의하여 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적량이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 지방세포 분화에 관련된 전사인자인 SREBP1c, PPARγ 및 C/EBPα mRNA 발현도 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 ASM 메탄올 추출물로 인한 ROS 생성 저해와 지질 축적 억제는 ROS 생성 및 ROS 관련 유전자의 발현 감소로 인한 지방 생성 주요 전사인자의 유전자 발현 억제로 인한 것으로 보이며, ASM이 항비만 효과가 있는 천연물 소재로 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

초등과학교육에의 적용을 위한 뇌-기 반 학습 연구의 교육적 의미 분석

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2014 초등과학교육 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze 181 papers about brain-based learning appeared in domestic scientific journals from 1989 to May of 2012 and suggest application conditions in elementary science education. The results of this study summarizes as follows; First, learning activity suggested by brain-based learning study is mainly explained by working of brain function. Learning activity explained by brain-based learning study are divided into ‘learning according to specialized brain function, learning according to brain function integration and learning beyond specialization and integration of hemispheres’. Second, it searched how increased knowledge of brain structure and function affects learning. Analysis from this point of view suggests that brain-based learning study affects learning in many ways especially emotion, creativity and learning motivation. Third, brain-based learning study suggests various possibilities of learning activity reflecting brain plasticity. Plasticity which is one of most important characteristics of brain supports the validity of learning activity as learning disorder treatment and explains the possibility of selective increment of brain function by leaning activity and the need of whole-brain approach to learning activity. Fourth, brain-based learning brought paradigm shifts in education field. It supports learning sophistication on the understanding of student`s learning activity, guides learning method that reflects the characteristics of subject and demands reconstruction of curriculum. Fifth, there are many conditions to apply brain-based learning in elementary science education field, learning environment that fits brain-based learning, change of perspectives on teaching and learning of science educators and development of brain-based learning curriculum are needed.

대구,경북권 대학생들의 아르바이트 근로현황 실태조사 및 근로기준법 인지수준 평가

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),백유경 ( Yu Koung Beak ),김태훈 ( Tae Hoon Kim ),최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Objectives : this study was conducted to check part-time work current state of affairs among university student in Daegu and Gyongbuk area by checking exposure hazard factors. In addition, by using the questionnaire which is intended to evaluation the degree of the Labor Standards Law cognitive, we checked degree of the labor standards law cognitive Methods: We distributed 876 questionnaires at eight universities located in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area, and analyzed. In the analysis, SPSS was used. Results : Compare to junior students, senior students have lots of part-time work experience especially in Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health. The majors of part-time work is mainly Serving and kitchen, Store Management. The duration is generally from 1 month to 3 months. Depending on the Labor Standards Law, percentage of correct answers of the questionnaire which included Labor Contract, working hours, Menstruation leave, the compensation is related each other. Conclusions : We think that university students` working experience under the conditions of the Labor Standards Law is an important subject of study. However, it is important to note that this study was conducted solely in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, and the results only reflect the work habits of Korean students.

원발과 담관 화농간농양의 임상 특성 비교

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),천갑진 ( Gab Jin Cheon ),김영돈 ( Young Don Kim ),한군희 ( Koon Hee Han ),김광석 ( Kwang Seok Kim ),나병규 ( Byung Kyu Nah ) 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.4

목적: 원발과 담도관 화농간농양의 임상 양상을 확인하여 두 군의 특성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년에서 2004년까지 5년간 병원에서 화농간농양으로 치료받은 119명의 환자를, 82예의 원발과 21예의 담관 화농간농양의 두 군으로 나누어 증상, 신체검사 소견, 검사실 소견, 세균 검사, 동반 질환, 농양 특징, 치료 방법과 치료 성적, 합병증과 예후를 후향으로 분석하였다. 결과: 양 군 간의 임상 증상은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 농양의 특성에서는 크기 외에 양 군 간의 유의한 차이가 없었는데, 담관군에서 원발군에 비해 농양의 직경이 5 cm 미만인 경우가 더 많았다 (48% vs. 16%, p=0.004). 원발군보다 담관군의 농양 배양 양성률이 유의하게 높았으며(100% vs. 69%, p=0.006), 특히 E. coli는 농양(28% vs. 75%, p=0.014)과 혈액 배양(23% vs. 4%, p=0.035) 모두에서 담관군에서의 양성률이 높았다. 양 군 간의 사망률 차이는 없었으나, 합병증과 재발을 동반하지 않은 임상 호전율은 담관군에 비해 원발군에서 높았다(92.7%vs. 66.7%, p=0.001). 결론: 원발과 담관 화농간농양군을 비교해 볼 때, 양 군은 전반적으로 유사한 임상 특성을 나타내나, 담관군이 원발군에 비해 크기가 작았고, 높은 농양 배양 양성률을 보였으며, 합병증과 재발을 동반하지 않은 임상 호전율이 낮게 나타났다. Backround/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of cryptogenic and biliary pyogenic liver abscess by comparing the clinical aspects between the two groups. Methods: Of 119 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from 2000 to 2004, 82 subjects with cryptogenic liver abscess and 21 with biliary abscess were analysed retrospectively. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical symptoms. The characteristics of abscess were similar except the size of abscess. The size of abscess less than 5 cm in diameter was more common in billiary group than in cryptogenic group (p=0.004). Compare to cryptogenic group, biliary group had more positive culture test from abscess (100% vs. 69%, p=0.006). Especially, E. coli isolated from abscess culture (28% vs. 7%, p=0.014) and blood culcure (23% vs. 4%, p=0.035) were more common in biliary group than in cryptogenic group. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups (biliary vs. cryptogenic: 4.8% vs. 0%, p=0.204). However, the rate of clinical improvement was higher in cryptogenic group than in biliary group (92.7% vs. 66.7%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Biliary liver abscess had similar clinical characteristics to cryptogenic origin. Biliary liver abscess had smaller abscess size and more positive abscess culture rates than cryptogenic abscess. Improvement rate without complication and recurrence was higher in cryptogenic group than biliary group. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;49:238-244)

유아교사의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 사회 정서 변인과 직무 관련 변인 - 조직문화의 매개효과를 중심으로-

최혜영 ( Choi Hye-young ),김수영 ( Kim Soo-young ) 한국아동교육학회 2021 아동교육 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구에서는 유아교사 행복감과 사회 정서 관련 변인(자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스), 직무 관련 변인(교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신), 조직문화 간의 전체적인 경향과 사회 정서 관련 변인 및 직무 관련 변인이 조직문화를 매개하여 유아교사 행복감에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 구조적 관계를 분석하고자 한다. 첫째, 자아탄력성, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신, 조직문화와 유아교사 행복감 간에는 정적상관이 있었으며, 대인관계 스트레스와 유아교사 행복감 간에는 부적상관이 있었다. 둘째, 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신은 조직문화를 매개하여 유아교사 행복감에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신이 긍정적일수록 조직문화 또한 긍정적으로 지각함을 의미하며, 지각된 조직문화가 긍정적일수록 유아교사 행복감이 향상됨을 의미한다. 이는 유아교사 행복감을 높이기 위한 사회 정서 관련 변인인 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 직무 관련 변인인 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신 변인이 모두 중요함을 보여주는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects the overall tendency among the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness and social emotion-related variables(ego-resilience, interpersonal stress), job-related variables(passion for teaching, teacher commitment), and organizational culture, and social emotion-related variables and job-related variables on the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, mediated by the organizational culture. In addition, this study was to investigate the such structural relationship what difference might have between the Kindergarten and child care center teachers. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. First, this study has found out that there was positive correlation with the ego-resilience, passion for teaching, teacher commitment, and organizational culture and early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, and it showed the negative correlation between the interpersonal stress and early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness. Second, the ego-resilience, interpersonal stress, passion for teaching, and teacher commitment affected the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, mediated by the organizational culture. Accordingly, as the ego-resilience, interpersonal stress, passion for teaching, and teacher commitment were positive, it meant that the organizational culture could be perceived positively. The more the perceived organizational culture was positive, the more the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness was improved.

음악요법이 세기조절 방사선치료를 받는 암 환자의 불안, 우울 및 피로에 미치는 효과

최혜영(Choi, Hye-Young),이여진(Yi, Yeo-Jin) 대한종양간호학회 2013 Asian Oncology Nursing Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, depression and fatigue in cancer patient undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The participants were 65 cancer patients (33 experimental and 32 control group) receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy. Music therapy for the experimental group took 20-30 minutes per session for five days while they were receiving radiotherapy. Results: State anxiety, VAS anxiety and depression of the experimental group after treatment were reduced but there was no statistical significance between the experimental group and control group before and after having treatment. There was no statistical significance on the difference of fatigue between the two groups. Conclusion: Music therapy is an adjuvant therapy and using other nursing intervention with music therapy could be more effective than using only music therapy to reduce the anxiety, depression and fatigue for cancer patients undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy.

염산과 트립신으로 처리한 노니(Morinda citrifolia) 추출물의 항산화 효과

최혜영(Hye Young Choi),최병철(Byung Chul Choi),심상수(Sang Soo Sim) 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.5

To investigate biological activity of noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin, we measured the antioxidant activity through vitro assay and cellular system. Both water and lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts dese-dependently scavenged DPPH radical. Superoxide scavenging activity of lipid soluble fraction after treating HCl and trypsin was significantly more potent than those of other fractions in NBT/xanthine oxidase assay, which suggests that antioxidant activity of noni extracts was increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. In antioxidant assay using RBL 2H3 cells, water soluble fraction of noni extracts had little effect on silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In non-treated noni extracts, effect of water soluble fraction on silica/CuSO4-induced lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of lipid soluble fraction. However, the effects of noni extracts were reversed in noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin. These data suggest that water soluble substances may be converted into lipid soluble substances by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. From the above results, it is suggested that lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts contain antioxidant used in vitro assay and RBL 2H3 cellular system. Such an effect of noni extracts may be increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin.