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현성희,성주연,최영길 ( Soung Hee Hyun,Ju Youn Soung,Yong Keel Choi ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica) lytic fungi were isolated from 4 reservoirs located in Kyonggi-Do, Korea. These isolates from Wangsong reservoir shown in eutrophication, were identified the genera Acremonium sp., and Penicillium sp. by morphological characters. The Penicillium sp. generally showed less algal lytic activity than the Acremonium sp. on the Anabaena cylindrica agar lawn, but the cultured supernatant of Penicillium sp. exhibited greater activity than the Acremonium sp. on Micrococcus luteus. In the mixed culture of Anabaena cylindrica and HCLF-34, the algae was segmented and lysed in 3 days. On the other hand, Anabaena cylindrica was aggregated, segmented, and lysed within 3 hours in the mixture of Anabaena cylindrica and the supernatant of HCLF-34. In addition, Anabaena cylindrica was segmented and the width sheath of Anabaena cylindrica was lysed on Scanning Electron Microscopy, in mixed culture of the algae and the fungi on agar plate.
고체절연물에 따른 N₂:O₂ 혼합가스의 연면절연파괴특성
임동영(Dong-Young Lim),최은혁(Eun-Hyuck Choi),최영길(Young-Kil Choi),박광서(Kwang-Seo Park),최상태(Sang-Tae Choi),김이국(Lee-Kook Kim),윤영대(Young-Dae Youn),이광식(Kwang-Sik Lee) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
recently, The development of SF? gas with replaceable environmentally friendly gas is important from power facilities. insulation gas at institutional limitation complying with global warming, insulating oil weakness of volume and weight but when solid insulator was usefully used by insulation design because a solid better of dielectric strength than the gas, environmentally friendly and proper method are manufactured. in this paper describe the surface breakdown characteristics after teflon resin, Bakelite, Polyethylene of extensively to use solid insulator are installed between the electrodes in environmentally friendly N₂:O₂ mixture gas(10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6) of experiment and measurement with surface breakdown voltage.
잠재성 유두상 갑상선암에서 원발종양의 크기에 따른 공격성 정도 분석
박해린(Hai-Lin Park),곽진영(Jin Young Kwak),강석선(Seok Seon Kang),김도연(Do Youn Kim),강형곤(Hyung Gon Kang),심정연(Jung Yeon Shim),김유리(Yoori Kim),박원근(Won Kun Park),최영길(Young Gil Choi) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.6
Purpose: Occult papillary thyroid carcinomas (OPC) are defined as tumors measuring <15 ㎜. These tumors are believed to be a less aggressive subset of papillary cancers. They generally behave more like benign lesions and are often more conservatively treated. However, it is unclear if a cancer 1.0 to 1.5 ㎝ in diameter will have a similar favorable clinical behavior as tumors <1.0 ㎝ (micropapillary thyroid carcinoma). Therefore, a retrospective chart review study of patients with OPC in order was carried out in order to answer this question and characterize the biology and optimal treatment for OPCs. Methods: From October 2001 to January 2007, Among the impalpable thyroid nodules detected incidentally during screening examinations, 260 patients underwent surgery for occult papillary thyroid cancer (OPC) at Kangnam Cha University hospital. The data from these patients was analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow up period was 25.6 ± 14.5 (max:63, min:1) months. Results: The mean age of these patients was 42.8 years, and 233 (89.5%) were female. 46.2% of patients underwent a total or neartotal thyroidectomy, and 54.6% underwent a central lymph node dissection. Of the 260 patients, 55 (21.2%) had lymph node metastases. The OPC presented with signs of aggressiveness including multifocality (34.2%), bilaterality (17.7%), capsular invasion (52.7%), and lymph node metastases (21.2%). A progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness was observed with increasing tumor size at presentation. LN metastases were associated with the tumor size (P=0.0063), extracapsular invasion (P=0.0015) and multfocallity (P=0.0020). However, there was no association with age and gender. With a follow-up of up to 63 months, 3 patients had a local recurrence (0.014%). No patients currently have active disease and no patients with OPC died during this period. Conclusion: In OPC patients, there is a progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness with increasing tumor size. Moreover, a small size itself cannot guarantee low risk and low recurrence rate. The prevalence of LN metastases and extracapsular invasion were higher in those with a tumor size >0.5 ㎝. A near-total or total thyroidectomy with a central lymph node dissection is the preferred treatment. The early detection and treatment of OPC might be warranted through the routine use of thyroid USG and USG-guided FNA.
제왕절개술 후 통증조절을 위해 사용한 정맥내 PCA와 지속적 경막외 투여의 평가
김윤수,최영길,우남식 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.1
Background : Routine management of postoperative pain have been changed as a result of technological advances in drug delivery systems. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of continuous epidural analgesia(CEA) system and intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) system for pain relief after cesarean delivery. Methods : Sixty adult women were randomly assigned to receive analgesics either IV-PCA or CEA after cesarean delivery with general anesthesia for operation. IV-PCA group was received 30 mg intramuscular injection of ketorolac after awakening, followed by IV-PCA. PCA unit was filled with 60 ml; mixed with morphine 10 mg, fentanyl 1000 ㎍, ketorolac 180 mg, and normal saline. It had a flow rate of 0.5 ml/hr and lockout interval was 15minutes. CEA group was received a bolus of epidural morphine 3mg and 8ml of 0.25% bupivacaine before the end of operation, followed by CEA. CEA unit was filled with 100 ml; mixed with morphine 4 mg, fentanyl 500 ㎍, 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml, and normal sane. It had a flow rate of 2ml/hr. The degree of analgesia was subjectively evaluated by a visual analogue scale(VAS). Patients were evaluated 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48hours after operation for pain relief, sedation, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory rate. Results : VAS pain score were significantly lower in CEA group than IV-PCA group at 0(8.0±1.4 vs 3.9±0.7), 1(4.4±1.3 vs 3.3±0.9) and 2hours(3.9±1.2 vs 3.3±0.8)(p<0.05). There were no apparent cases of respiratory depression and motor weakness of lower extrimity. Nausea or vomiting occurred in 7 patients(23%) of IV-PCA group, and occurred in 3 patients(10%) of CEA group. Pruritus occurred in 6 patients(20%) of IV-PCA group, and occurred in 11 patients (37%) of CEA group. Sedation occurred in 9 patients(30%) of IV-PCA group. Conculsions : We conclude that the CEA with small dose of morphine, fentanyl and bupivacaine is an easy and effective method for pain control after cesarean delivery. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 125∼131)