회화 안의 시간 : 들뢰즈의 『감각의 논리』의 시간적 변조 개념 연구

조수인(Cho, Su-In) 인제대학교 인간환경미래연구원 2019 인간 · 환경 · 미래 Vol.- No.23

화폭 안에 시간이 담길 수 있을까? 본고는 들뢰즈의 저작 『감각의 논리』에서 제시되는 시간적 변조temporal modulation 개념을 통해, 회화 속에서 감각이 생산되는 시간의 논리를 밝히는데 목표를 둔다. 영국 현대화가 프랜시스 베이컨의 작품에 집중해 자신의 회화론을 전개하는 이 저작에서 들뢰즈는 베이컨의 캔버스에 "시간자체가 칠해진다"라고 주장한다. 그러나 흘러가는 시간과 이에 따른 움직임이 명백히 감지되는 영화나 음악과 달리, 물감이 굳어있는 화폭은 공간 속에 가만히 멈춰있는 것처럼 보이기 때문에 이러한 주장은 예술 장르의 시간성에 대한 통상적 이해에서 벗어나는 것처럼 보인다. 본고는 들뢰즈가 말하는 베이컨의 회화 속 시간을 이해하기 위해 『감각의 논리』에서 들뢰즈가 언급하는 베이컨 회화 속의 두 영역인 아플라 즉 빛나는 단색조의 바탕, 그리고 그 안에 앉거나 누운 다색의 형상이 서로 관계하며 감각의 시간을 빚어내는 방식에 주목한다. 들뢰즈는 이 두 색 영역들 사이에서 일어나는 변조에 의해 작동하는 시간을 시간의 색, 즉 "크로노크로미Chronochromie"라고 부른다. 본고는 들뢰즈의 변조 개념을 면밀히 검토하여 베이컨 작품 속에 드러난 색의 변조를 일관된 맥락 아래 이해함으로써 감각하는 시간이 생산되는 논리를 밝히고자 한다. Can "time" be painted? In Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, Deleuze claims that Bacon"s painting renders time by stating that, "Time itself is being painted." Yet, how is time "being painted" on a canvas that statically occupies a space? This claim seems to depart from our general understanding of the genre of art, more specifically a painting. Time is more likely to be associated with other artistic genres such as film, or dance, where the duration is more obvious. Then, how could we understand the Baconian temporality? In Francis Bacon, Deleuze pays attention to the relationship between the two areas of Bacon’s paintings, the field of monochromatic background, and the multicoloured Figures sitting or lying in it. And Deleuze says that the interaction of time works through the modulation of colour between these two areas. Deleuze here uses the word "Chronochromie," “Colour of Time” to describe the time painted in Bacon"s canvases. Nonetheless, the relationship between the Baconian modulation of colour, and time have not been yet closely examined. Accordingly, this paper attempts to show that understanding the modulation is a critical link in grasping the time produced by the colour of time created by the interplay of the field and the Figure in Bacon’s canvases. To put it concretely, I argue that in the light of the Deleuzian modulation, we could understand the production of the time of sensation in Bacon’s canvases.

섬유아세포에서 민들레 추출물 함유제(AF-343)에 의한 제 1형 교원질 발현 증가

조수묵(Soo Muk Cho),김재현(Jae Hyun Kim),김종근(Jong Keun Kim),박기문(Ki Moon Park),조호찬(Cho Ho-Chan),김인수(In Su Kim),김범준(Beom Joon Kim),천영진(Young-Jin Chun),조재위(Cho Jae We) 대한약학회 2012 약학회지 Vol.56 No.1

We previously reported that the extract of Taraxacum platycarpum (AF-343) had several biological properties such as skin hydration and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby AF-343 be a promising anti-atopic dermatitis agent. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate its effect on modulation of extracellular matrix proteins in human skin fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expressions of type I collagen, MMP-1, Smad2/3, and TIMP-1 proteins in AF-343-treated human skin fibroblasts. Human skin fibroblasts were treated by various concentrations of AF-343 (0~2 mg/ml). The expressions of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), Smad2/3, and TIMP-1 proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis. In addition, level of type I collagen mRNA was analyzed by CAT assay. Expression of type I collagen protein was increased in AF-343-treated human skin fibroblasts by dose and time-dependent manners. Consistent with this result, the expressions of phospho-Smad2/3 in skin fibroblasts were increased and MMP-1 expression was decreased by AF-343 treatment. TIMP-1 expression was not significantly changed in AF-343 treated skin fibroblasts. Extract of Taraxacum platycarpum (AF-343)-induced up-regulation of type I collagen expression was through increased expression of phospho-Smad2/3. These results were occurred combined with down-regulation of MMP-1 in skin fibroblasts. Taken together, this study indicated that AF-343 has property of the modulation of ECM in tissue as well as skin hydration and anti-inflammation.

Genome Wide Expression Analysis of the Effect of Woowhangchongshim-won on Rat Brain Injury

조수인,Kim, Bu-Yeo,Lim, Se-Hyun,Kim, Hyun-Young,Kim, Young-Kyun,Lim, Chi-Yeon,Cho, Su-In 대한한방내과학회 2009 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Objectives : ICH breaks down blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, which finally leads to neuronal loss, drugs to treat ICH have not yet been established. In this experiment, we measured the effect of Woowhangchongshim-won (WWCSW) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rat using microarray technology. Methods : We measured the effect of WWCSW on ICH in rat using microarray technology. ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV, and total RNA was isolated. Image files of microarray were measured using a ScanArray scanner, and the criteria of the threshold for up- and down-regulation was 2 fold. Hierarchical clustering was implemented using CLUSTER and TREEVIEW program, and for Ontology analysis. GOSTAT program was applied in which p-value was calculated by Chi square or Fisher's exact test based on the total array element. Results : WWCSW-treatment restored the gene expression altered by ICH-induction in brain to the levels of 76.0% and 70.1% for up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Conclusion : Co-regulated genes by ICH model of rat could be used as molecular targets for therapeutic effects of drug including WWCSW. That is, the presence of co-regulated genes may represent the importance of these genes in ICH in the brain and the change of expression level of these co-regulated genes would also indicate the functional change of brain tissue.

당뇨한약복합처방(Herbal Remedy for Diabetes Mellitus-01, HRDM-01)이 당뇨병성 흰쥐의 간 및 혈중 지질에 미치는 영향

조수인 ( Su In Cho ),김형우 ( Hyung Woo Kim ),하태훈 ( Tae Hoon Ha ),조명래 ( Myung Rae Cho ) 대한본초학회 2010 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Objective: The Herbal Remedy for Diabetes Mellitus-01(HRDM-01) is composed of 11 species of medicinal plants. HRDM-01 is used as anti-hyperglycaemic agent. Anti-hyperglycaemic agents in western medicine often have hepatotoxicities. Therefore, we investigated safety of HRDM-01, especially in liver functions. Methods: We investigated the effects of HRDM-01 on liver function measuring serum AST, ALT and LDH levels and histopathological changes of liver tissue using photomicroscope. In addition, we also investigated the effects on serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. Results: In our experiment, single injection of streptozotocin elevated levels of AST and ALT in serum. But LDH level was not affected. In addition, our animal model showed elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. 30 days treatment with HRDM-01 lowered serum AST level. Serum levels of ALT and LDH did not affected. In addition, HRDM-01 lowered serum triglyceride level significantly. In histopathological observation, we did not find any abnormal changes in all experimental groups. Conclusions: Briefly, HRDM-01 did not elevate serum levels of ALT, LDH, total cholesterol and did not affect histopathological changes in liver tissues. Moreover, HRDM-01 lowered serum AST, triglyceride, which are elevated by induction of diabetes mellitus. These results suggest the safety of HRDM-01 in diabetic treatment.

사물탕 전탕액의 보관 조건에 따른 안정성 분석

박인화(In Hwa Park),김연학(Yeon Hak Kim),최성환(Seong Hwan Choi),유선녕(Sun Nyoung Yu),김상헌(Sang Hun Kim),안순철(Soon Cheol Ahn),조수인(Su In Cho),이인(In Lee) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.10

본 연구를 통해 보관 조건에 따른 사물탕 전탕액의 유효활성 물질 및 안정성과 관련된 특성들의 경시적 변화를 관찰하였다. 사물탕 전탕액의 보관온도(냉동 조건, 냉장 조건, 상온 암 조건, 상온 빛 조건, 고온 조건)를 달리하여, 각각을 0, 15, 30, 90, 180일간 보관하였다. 사물탕 전탕액의 경시적 변화로는 육안적 관찰, 산도, 흡광도, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 분석, 생리활성(tyrosinase 저해 활성), 세균학적 검사 등을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 사물탕 전탕액의 다양한 보관 기간과 온도에서, 육안적 검사, 산도, 흡광도, HPLC분석, 생리활성에서 경시적으로 큰 변화가 없었으며, 세균학적 검사를 통해서는 세균이 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 그 변화의 차이는 크지 않았지만, 사물탕 전탕액의 보관조건이 악화될수록, 보관기간이 증가할수록 미세한 변화가 관찰되었다. 따라서 6개월 이상 장기간 보관 할 경우, 사물탕 전탕액을 상온 암 조건, 상온 빛 조건, 고온 조건에서보다 냉동 혹은 냉장조건이나 가능하면 어두운 곳에서 보관하는 것이 유효성분 및 활성의 변화나 전탕액의 변질을 방지하기 위한 보관법으로 판단되었다. Consumer interest in the stability of medicinal herb extracts during storage has increased. Although the advent of new technologies has improved preservation conditions, increasing the storage time, there are few studies on the preservation of herb extracts. The purpose of this study was to perform microscopic observations of Samul-tang decoctions under various preservation conditions. The storage temperature (a high temperature, room temperature, with or without light, refrigeration, or cryopreservation) and storage time (0, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days) were given to each condition Macroscopic morphology, pH, UV absorption, HPLC, and bacteriological studies were performed to determine microscopic changes in Samul-tang decoctions. The biological activity (tyrosinase inhibition) of the Samul-tang decoctions was also examined. There were no major changes in the indicated observation items when the extracts were stored in each condition. However, at higher storage temperatures and longer storage times, microscopic changes increased, although no bacteria were detected. Furthermore, the higher the storage temperature was and the longer the storage time was, the bigger the change was, despite of minor microscopic changes. Therefore, to maintain the stability of herbal extracts during storage, it is recommended to keep the Samul-tang decoction in the preservation condition of refrigeration and cryopreservation or without light rather than high temperature and room temperature as possible.

배 에탄올 추출물이 난황에 의하여 유발된 생쥐의 천식에 미치는 영향

정희진 ( Hee Jin Chung ),정영민 ( Young Min Joung ),최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),신동선 ( Dong Sung Shin ),김형우 ( Hyung Woo Kim ),조수인 ( Su In Cho ) 대한본초학회 2012 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: In the theory of Korean medicine, Pear has long been considered to protect throat, bronchus and lung. Pear has been believed to remove sputum in Korean people. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pear ethanol extract (PEE) on asthma induced by ovalbumin in mice. Methods: We investigated the effects of PEE on airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, production levels of ovalbumin (OVA) specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, IgG2a and IgE in serum and histopathological changes of lung tissues in asthamtic mice. Results: PEE decreased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine significantly compared to non-treated asthmatic mice (P<0.05). Level of OVA specific IgE in serum was lowered by oral administration of PEE effectively (P<0.05). In histopathological observation, administration of PEE reduced infiltration of immune cells into lung tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that pear has anti-asthmaitc action and related mechanims are involved in anti-inflammatory action such as reducing level of OVA specific IgE and immune cell infiltration.

"상한론(傷寒論)"에 수록된 탕제(湯劑)의 전탕법(煎湯法)에 관한 연구

김영균,조수인,Kim Young-Kyun,Cho Su-In 대한한의학방제학회 2000 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

This is a study on the methods of decocting prescriptions in SANGHANRON (傷寒論), and after this, numbers of results have been obtained. SANGHANRON was written by Chang-Ki (張機) in the 2nd century, so it reflexes the usage of prescriptions of previous age indirectly. And gave affects on the methods of decocting prescriptions to the oriental medicine doctors of next generation.Berore Han-DYnasty(漢代), there were not so many publications connected with Oriental Medicine. Besides, some books couldn't hand down to next generation due to the gap of time and space. As time goes by, letters in medical books changed little by little, so contents connected with decocting methods changed too. The effects of decoction and herb tea can be changed by the flexibility of methods of decocting medicines, so we have to decide what kinds of decocting methods should be taken and adapted to patients by the most effective way.In SANGHANRON, there are many kiny kinds of boiling methods, so DHAMG-Ki selected the most appropriate method considering deree and position of disease and condition of patient. But nowadays, due to inconvenient procedure of boiling and taking medicines, some methos are not in common in clinical medicin. So this study was started to look back upon the changes of decocting prescriptions and gave deffort to find out the propriety of variation of boiling prescriptions.The common method of decocting prescriptions in SANGHANRON is boiling down all the herbs at the same time. Except the commom method, there are some kinds of other methods - boiling down twice the prescription, boiling down some special herbs earlier of later than other herbs, complicated or special boiling methods of extract, etc. These kinds of decoting methods simplified as time pass by, but this expected therapeutic value. So we have to distinguish the methods -though complicated and troublesome- in clinical medicine to make perfection more perfect in treating patients, and further studies have to be followed to prove the propriety of these complicated methods.

대나무 추출액과 죽력의 혼합물이 국소 뇌혈류량 및 평균 혈압에 미치는 영향

김천중,장경선,조수인,김계엽,정현우,Kim, Cheon-Joong,Jang, Kyeong-Seon,Cho, Su-In,Kim, Gye-Yeop,Jeong, Hyun-Woo 대한동의생리학회 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.6

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Bamboo Extract on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Experimental materials were as follows ; BE- 1 was Bamboo Extract (BE) extracted with 70% ethyl alcohol, BE-11 was BE extracted with distilled water at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, BE-111 was BE extracted with distilled water at $121^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs, MLC was mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) and BE-111 mixed at the ratio of 1 to 100 (MLC100), 1 to 50 (MLC50), 1 to 20 (MLC20), 1 to 10 (MLC10), 1 to 5 (MLC5). The results were as follows , The Changes of BE- 1 on the rCBF and MABP in normal rats were not showed, BE- 11 significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner Dut increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. BE-111 increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, MLC significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner and increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by MLC5 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. As results above ; The present author thought that BE- 111 and MLC increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter.

가미정기탕(加味正氣湯)이 흰쥐 소장의 수송능과 글루코스 이동 및 대사에 미치는 영향

박규택,김우환,문선영,조수인,Park, Gyu-Taek,Kim, Woo-Hwan,Moon, Sun-Young,Cho, Su-In 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives; This study was carried out to investigate the motor activity, glucose transport and metabolism of Jiaweizhengqi-tang(JKT) in rat small intestine. Methods ; The motor activity of the rat small intestine has been investigated by means of measuring barium sulfate passage degrees. Transport and metabolism of glucose were studied in everted sac of rat small intestine with incubation under several conditions. Results; Atropine treatment significantly delayed barium sulfate transit, and JKT pretreatment increased intestinal motor activity, but not significant. JKT administration showed renal toxicity in animal experiment, so clinical safety should settled to use commonly. The transport and metabolism of glucose were greater at jejunum than ileum. So, everted jejunum of rat were used to study the effect of JKT. When JKT were treated, the concentration of glucose were higher than untreated group. This result was thought to be influenced by the glucose in JKT. When 2, 4 dinitrophenol was treated, the transport and metabolism of glucose were decreased, but JKT treated together, the concentration of glucose in serosal solution increased. Conclusions; The transport and metabolism of glucose were influenced by the glucose in JKT. And the effects of JKT were still unidentified, but through continuous investigation, these effects of JKT should be identified.

소엽(蘇葉) 추출물이 백서(白鼠)의 뇌허혈에 미치는 효과

김형우,김부여,조수진,정현우,조수인,Kim, Hyung-Woo,Kim, Bu-Yeo,Cho, Su-Jin,Jeong, Hyun-Woo,Cho, Su-In 대한한방내과학회 2007 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : Folium perillae (FP) can relieve superficial pathogenic factors to dissipate cold and promote the circulation of qi and regulate the function of the stomach and is often used for interior qi-stagnation. We hypothesized that FP could rescue cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of FP on cerebral ischemia in terms of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in rats. Finally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was investigated, too. Results : In this study, treatment with FP elevated rCBF and MABP levels in dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited rCBF increase induced by FP effectively. However, FP did not affect stability during cerebral reperfusion. Finally, FP significantly inhibited LD H activity in vitro Conclusions : These results suggest that FP is useful to treat patient with diseases related to cerebral ischemia, because FP can increase rCBF and MABP.