낙동강에서 유기오염 및 SS 농도 변화에 따른 DOC 농도 변화의 특성

이규열 ( Kyu Yeol Lee ),김주언 ( Ju Eon Kim ),이권철 ( Kwon Chul Lee ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),임태효 ( Tea Hyo Im ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Temporal increase of SS induces concentrations in various forms of organic matter including BOD, COD, TOC. Consequently, it causes hard to identify sources of water pollution during or after precipitation. The objective of this study is to investigate variations of DOC concentration caused by increase of flow and changes of external factors in river by comparing to SS concentration. In results, monitoring sites (e.g., Banbyeonchen) consisting of hard riverbed showed high correlation between SS and organic matters, except BOD. On the contrary, other sites (e.g., Naesungcheon) where riverbed consists of sand were found in a wide range of annual fluctuation in SS level, whereas these sites showed a narrow range in annual DOC fluctuation. In Gumhogang and Namgang, a lower correlation between SS and other factors was found most likely because of high concentration in organic matter. However, lower annual fluctuation values of DOC were observed in comparison to those of COD and TOC. Similar results were also confirmed in main river sites, Sangju and Mulgeum. In conclusion, DOC concentration is better indicator for monitoring organic matter which cannot be provided by BOD, COD, TOC in the Nakdong river basin.

질소 관비량 절감이 토마토 생육 및 수량에 미치는 효과

이인복 ( In Bog Lee ),임재현 ( Jae Hyun Lim ),박진면 ( Jin Myeon Park ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

To investigate the effect of N fertigation on the growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies during tomato cultivation, seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil under plastic film house condition. 0, 88, 132, 176, 220 kg ha-1 N rates, which correspond to 0 (NF0), 40 (NF40), 60 (NF60), 80 (NF80), 100% (NF100) N level of soil test-based N fertilization, were injected weekly through drip irrigation system for 15 weeks in N fertigation system, and the control (conventional N treatment) was installed for comparison. Herein, nitrogen was applied by top-dressing with 60% as a basal and 40% as additional fertilizer. There was little different in stem diameter growth among N fertigation treatments, but plant height and dry matter increased with increasing N fertigation rates as well as in N conventional treatment. Tomato yield was increased with increasing the number of marketable fruits in N fertigation treatments, and the fruit yield was maximized in NF 80 treatment (176 kg ha-1 N supply or 96.6 mg L-1 N injection). Dry matter productivity and nitrogen uptake amount were significantly increased with increasing N fertigation rates. The ratio of fruits to the dry weight of whole plant was decreased with increasing N fertigation rates, but this ratio was 2.6~5.3% higher in N fertigation treatments than in the control. In addition, the ratios of nitrogen distributed toward fruits in N fertigation treatments were 3.7~21.7% higher than that of control. The apparent N recovery percentages showed significantly higher values as 71.8~102.3% in N fertigation treatments, compared to 45% in N conventional treatment. Water use efficiency was significantly increased by fertigation system with the maximum 361 kg/ha cm-1 in NF 80, which is comparable to 324 kg/ha cm-1 of the conventional treatment. Conclusively, N fertigation system was effective on increasing tomato productivity and nutrient efficiency as well as 20% reduction of N fertilization level.

대전지역에서 호밀과 헤어리베치의 파종유형별 사초의 건물수량 및 사료가치 비교연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 시험은 2002년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시초종은 청예용 호밀(Koolgrazer)과 헤어리베치(Common)를 공시하여 주구로 호밀 단파, 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파, 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파 및 헤어리베치 단파 등의 4 파종유형과 세구로 수잉기, 출수기, 개화기 및 유숙기 등의 4수확시기를 두어 분할구배치법 3반복으로 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, 호밀 단파구(9,776㎏)가 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파구(9,045㎏)나 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파구(8,272㎏) 및 헤어리베치 단파구(5,424㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었고, 모든 처리구에서 수확시기가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.01). 화학적 성분도 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, CP 함량과 DMD는 헤어리베치 단파구에서 높았던 반면에 섬유소물질의 함량은 가장 낮았으나, 호밀 단파구에서는 상반되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.01). 조단백질수량(CPDM)과 가소화건물(DDM) 수량은 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아, 호밀이나 헤어리베치의 단파 이용보다는 호밀에 헤어리베치를 20% 정도 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 단위 면적당 수량과 사료가치를 높일 수 있는 한가지 방법이라 하겠다. The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum utilization upon rye and hairy vetch crops in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of rye, hairy vetch, and rye + hairy vetch mixtures. The experiment was designed with split plots (main plot : seeding rate as rye mono culture, hairy vetch monoculture, rye 80%+hairy vetch 20%, rye 60%+hairy vetch 40%, and sub plot : 4 cutting stages as boot, heading, anthesis, milk). The average DM yield for 2 years had a difference on seeding rate and harvesting stages. The DM yield of rye monoculture was higher than those of the other seeding rates. There were significant increases in advanced stages in all treatments. In chemical composition, they also had a difference on seeding rates and growth stages. Hairy vetch monoculture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound than those of the other seeding rates (p<0.01). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter yield was higher in rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture when it was harvested at anthesis to milk stages. The results of this experiment indicated that when it was harvested at anthesis to the milk stages, rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area.

1980년대 한국 현대도예 작품연구

이인진(Lee, in - chin),김진아(Kim, jin - ah) 한국조형디자인학회 2009 조형디자인연구 Vol.12 No.4

In 1980s, progressive, experimental, and creative ceramic art rapidly grew up owing to the development of technology and the increase of ceramic art population. Therefore, this paper purported to examine the inside of the modern ceramic art, differently from the existing efforts of having described only the external circumstances of the modern ceramic art, and further, it attempted to prepare systematic theoretical foundations for the modern ceramic art. The subject of this study is the works that were made and released through private exhibitions in 1980s, and craftsmen’s works, which reproduced Goryeo celadon porcelains, white porcelains, and grayish-blue-powdered porcelains, were excluded from the subject of this study. experts’interpretations of the works, it tried to infer the tendency of the works of the modern ceramic art in that period. Therefore, this paper examined Korean modern ceramic art in 1980s in three parts. That is, in the first chapter, it simply examined the circumstances of Korean modern art and ceramic art in that period, and in the second chapter, it examined the characteristics of Korean modern ceramic art in 1980s, together with the tendency of the works. In the last chapter, it studied more in detail about the characteristics and the meanings in the works in that period

<로미오와 줄리엣>의 드라마투르기적 분석 및 공연분석 -셰익스피어의 드라마와 오태석의 공연-

이인순 ( In Soon Lee ) 한국연극학회 2010 한국연극학 Vol.0 No.40

Um die Jahrhundertwende des 20. Jahrhunderts besinnt sich Theater als ein Kunstwerk auf seine eigene Realitat, Korper, Raum und Zeit. Die Existenzweise des Theaterkunstwerks ist Auffuhrung. Die Kennzeichen der Auffuhrung ist Transitorik, Unmittelbarkeit und Ereignishaftigkeit. Auffuhrungsanalyse der Theaterwissenschaft als Disziplin wird lange Zeit vernachlassigt, weil Auffuhrung ein Opfer der Zeit ist. Angesichts der Aufuhrungsanalyse muß man eine Invariante zur Verfugung stellen, um einen Gegenstand zu analysieren. Die Inszenierung als asthetischer Gegenstand ist einmalig und unwiederbringlich. Das Buhnengeschehen ist materielle Realitat, die von dem Zuschauer sinnlich - optisch und akustisch - erfahren wird. Die Inszenierung realisiert sich in `drei Buhnengestalten`: `Intendierte Buhnengestalt`, `realen Buhnengestalt` und `vermeinte Buhnengestalt`. Die Auffuhrung konkretisiert sich im Kopf des Zuschauers nicht als eine reale Buhnengestalt, sondern als ein `asthetisches Objekt`, `als Abdruck der Buhnenvorgange`. Der Platz des Auffuhrungsanalytikers ist der des Zuschauers, des Rezipienten. Die asthetische Buhnengestalt ist eine Rekonstruktion der selektiven wahrgenommenden Auffuhrung, die der `realen Buhnengestalt` ahnelt. Diese Rekonstruktion als neue Schopfung des Rezipienten ist "Simulacrum", das der dem Objekt hinzugefugte Intellekt ist. Der Begriff der Auffuhrungsanalyse wird Synonym fur die Interpretation als hermeneutischer Prozeß. Fur die Methode der Auffuhrungsanalyse gibt es Strukturanalyse und Transformationsanalyse. Strukturanalyse geht ausschließlich von der Auffuhrung aus. Transformationsanalyse geht von der Transformation des Textes aus. Fur diese Arbeit steht dramaturgische Analyse von Shakespeares Romeo und Julia als erste Grundlage. Die Handlungsentwicklung von Romeo und Julia ist klar in `funf Akte` eingeteilt, die insgesamt aus 24 Szenen bestehen. Die Gesamthandlung von Romeo und Julia baut sich pyramidenformig nach dem Schema der steigenden und fallenden Handlung auf: Exposition/ Ausgangssituation (bis zur ersten Begegnung des Liebespaares auf dem Fest), erregendes Moment als Steigerung (von der Verliebtheit bis zur Eheschließung), Wendepunkt/ Peripetie (Mercutios Tod), retardierendes Moment (Julias Scheintod) und Katastrophe (Vereinigung im Grabe). Die Handlung des Stuckes gliedert sich in eine Haupt- und eine Nebenhandlung: dominierend ist die Liebeshandlung zwischen Romeo und Julia, daneben steht die Entwicklung der Fehde zwischen den Familien von Montague und Capulet; sie sind `sich gegenseitig bedingend, steigernd, hemmend und vernichtend`. Parallelisierung und Kontrast der Figurenkonstellation werden in den jeweils sozial oder im Alter entsprechenden Figuren aus den beiden verfeindeten Familien gezeigt. Die Thematik des Stuckes kommt in dem Oxymoron "loving hate" (I.1.175) zum Ausdruck. Shakespeare lasst die Liebeshandlung von Romeo und Julia in der Art der de casibus-Tragodie spielen; deren Handlungsmuster ist `dargestellt im Rad der Fortuna, das einen Menschen emportragt und wieder absturzen lasst`. Das Stuck Romeo und Julia ist eine experimentelle Tragodie. Es beginnt als Komodie mit Zugen einer Romanze, die sich aus dem Motiv der privaten Liebe und Heirat entwickelt. Pater Lorenzo und die Amme treten mit Lorenzos Wissen von der magischen Kraft der Krauter und der Geschwatzigkeit der Amme haufig in der Komodie auf. Die Handlung von Romeo und Julia erreicht mit Mercutios Tod den Wendepunkt, der die komische Welt zur tragischen umwandelt. Fur die Sprache gibt es Prosa der Diener wie die Alltagssprache der einfachen Leute und zugleich Verse der Adeligen. Shakespeare verwendet eine kontrastreiche Metaphorik fur Raum und Zeit. Dreimal geschehen am Tag die Kampfe der verfeindeten Familien auf den offentlichen Platzen. Der Tag wirft ein Licht auf den Hass und die Gewalt. Die Nacht aber ist die Sphare der Liebe, wo Romeo und Julia ihre heimliche Verbindung verborgen halten konnen. Die Liebenden treffen sich in der Nacht und in dem ummauerten Raum. Oh, Tae-Suks "Romeo und Julia" wird in der Form des Madangguks gestaltet. Die Handlung in Oh, Tae- Suks Textfassung ist also nicht nach dem Prinzip der Kausalitat und Folgerichtigkeit zu lesen wie im Shakespeare-Drama. Wegen dem Ignorieren der Kausalitat des Handlungsablaufes und dem Fehlen der Motivation der Handlung ergibt sich hier keine individuelle psychologische Figurencharakterisierung. Die Figuren sind typisiert. Die koreanische Textfassung mit den extremen textlichen Verkurzungen und den zwei szenischen Hinzufugungen pragt die Inszenierung dahingehend, dass an die Stelle der Wortsprache mehr Korpersprache und szenische Bilder treten. Die langen Sprechpartien der Figuren im Shakespeare-Drama werden meistens gekurzt und beschranken sich entweder auf Informationen uber die Situation oder zur Handlungsentwicklung. Und der Handlungsablauf erfolgt in Episoden sowie Musik, Lied und Tanz; Musik, Lied und Tanz dienen einerseits dem Ubergang der Szenen, sind aber andererseits auch selbst Teil des Handlungsablaufs. Wahrend Shakespeare die Sprache der Worter in den Vordergrund ruckt, stutzt Oh, Tae-Suk sich mehr auf die Sprache des Korpers, die ja zugleich bildhaft ist. Dafur nimmt die Inszenierung Tanz und Lieder. Oh, Tae-Suks Inszenierung entwirft Shakespeares Tragodie in der Form des Madangguks als Spiel und zugleich als erkennentnisorientiertes, nachdenkliches Theater fur den koreanischen Zuschauer, das dem traditionellen koreanischen Theater als Unterhaltungstheater nicht moglich ist, in dem sich das Volk von der Wirklichkeit erleichterte und sich vergnugte. Oh, Tae-Suk formt das Publikum zum `Wir` und zugleich zum `Ich`. Mit dem Zusammensein der vollig andernen Theaterkulturen schafft der Reigisseur das hybride Theater und dadurch bildet fur die moderne koreanische Gesellschaft eine neue kulturelle Identitat heraus.

Unit Dose Drug Distribution System의 도입을 통한 투약시스템의 질 향상 평가

이인향,이순실,이병구,최원자,홍성선,Lee, In Hyang,Lee, Soonsil,Lee, Byung Koo,Choi, Won Ja,Hong, Sung Sun 한국의료질향상학회 2001 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Background : A study comparing unit dose drug distribution system(UDS) versus traditional drug distribution system(TDS) was conducted in Seoul National University Hospital. The objectives of this study were to identify safer drug distribution system and to measure the efficiency of both systems in utilizing nursing and pharmacist's time. Methods : The study was designed to compare the data on medication errors, nursing time and pharmacists' time before and after implementation of the UDS in the internal medicine and otorhinolaryngology care units. The data on actual medications administered to patients were obtained by a disguised observer during the study period. The data collected were then compared with the physicians' orders to determine the rate of medication errors. In addition, using ten-minute interval work-sampling method nursing and pharmacists' time were measured. Results : About 6% of medications were administered incorrectly in the TDS, in comparison to 1.6% in the UDS. The rate of medication error decreased significantly in the UDS compared with the TDS. Mean times spent on medication-related activities by nurses were 34.1% in the TDS and 28.5% in the UDS. In the internal medicine care unit, nursing time associated with medications decreased significantly after the implementation of the UDS, but the reduction in medication-related nursing time in the otorhinolaryngology care unit was not significant. Pharmacist's medication-related work activities, increased from 2% in the TDS to 20% in the UDS. Pharmacist's time spent on therapy-related activities increased significantly. Conclusion : The rate of medication errors in the UDS decreased significantly compared with the TDS. Time spent on medication-related activities decreased for nurses while it increased for pharmacists. In summary, the UDS was estimated to be safer and to utilize of pharmacists' and nursing time more efficiently than the TDS.

가정방문 물리치료의 필요성 및 요구하는 서비스의 특성

이인학(In Hak Lee),권춘숙(Chun Suk Kwon),한동욱(Dong Uck Han),김용건(Yong Gun Kim) 대한물리치료학회 1999 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the degree of demand and general features of services required of home visiting physical therapy for chronic ill patients. The study subjects were ambulatory and admitted patients treated with physical therapy at six general and one oriental hospitals, one welfare center, four health centers located in Taejon from March 2, 1999 to March 16. Authors developed structured questionnaire, and distributed it to each physical therapist of study organizations. Total number of distributed questionnaire was 500, and 405 questionnaire were collected and analysed finally. 1. 82.4% of patients and 90.0% of caregivers are showed that home visiting physical therapy was needed(P$lt;0.05) 2. The rate of necessity for home visiting physical therapy by kinds of disease was 94.9% in cerebral palsy, 95.0% in upper spinal cord injury, 83.3% in lower spinal cord injury, 84.5% in cerebral vascular accident, 89.6% in traumatic brain injury, 83.5% in other diseases. 3. In the general features of required service for home visiting physical therapy, 33.7% of patients and 34.4% of caregivers want special isolated physical therapy center, 33.1% of patients and 43.3% of caregivers want 3 times per week in frequency, 46.7% of patients and 45.0% of caregivers want 30-60minutes in treatment duration, and 48.0% of patients and 46.7% of caregivers want more intensive care than general hospitals. 4. In the working place of home visiting physical therapy, 36.1% of patients and 36.2% of caregivers wants physical therapist worked in general hospital. Also, 53.3% of Patients and 52.2% of caregivers answered no interested in physical therapist`s gender. The most preferential age of home visiting physical therapist is thirties in 43.2% of patients and 63.4% in caregivers

초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지의 건물수량과 품질 비교 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The object of this experiment was to investigate the effect of mixture which consist of different seeding rates and species on dry matter yield and quality in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of different mixture. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures, CM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover (Regal) 10%}, red clover+mixtures, RM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 40% + tall fescue(Fawn) 20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} and Turf type grass +mixtures, TM {orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass (tall fescue, Millennium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover(Regal) 10%}. The average DM yield for 2 years of red clover+mixture(11,656㎏/ha) was higher than those of the other mixtures(p<0.05). The content of crude protein and dry matter digestibility were higher in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). but, the content of fibrous compounds like as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter(CPDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(2,832㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(2,372㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(2,266㎏/ha)(p<0.05). The digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(8,881㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(8,255㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(7,314㎏/ha)(p<0.05). In botanical composition at last cutting time in 2005, conventional mixture were maintained orchardgrass 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% and white clover 24%. Red clover + mixture were maintained orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% and red clover 31%. turf type + mixture were orchardgrass 37%, tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8% and white clover 24%, respectively. As summary, DM yields and quality of mixture species and seeding rates were observed significant difference. The results of this experiment indicated that red clover + mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area. 본 연구는 초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지를 비교 검토하여 건물수량과 품질을 높일수 있는 혼파방법을 찾고자 관행 혼파초지{Conventional mixtures(CM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover(Regal) 10%}, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지{Red clover mixtures(RM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 40% + tall fescue 20%(Fawn) + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} 및 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지{Turf type grass mixtures(TM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass(tall fescue, Millenium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover, Regal 10%)의 3처리를 두어 시험하였다. 시험은 난괴법 4반복으로 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2003년 9월부터 2005년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 건물수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 11,656㎏/ha으로 관행 혼파초지(11,245㎏/ha)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(9,897㎏/ha)에 비하여 높은 결과를 가져왔다(p<0.05). CP 함량은 연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 관계없이 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin과 같은 섬유소물질의 함량은 조사연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 따라 대체적으로 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 낮은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DMD는 레드클로버 + 혼파초지가 76.2%으로 관행 혼파초지(73.4%)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(73.9%)에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05) 2년 평균 CPDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 2,832㎏으로 관행 혼파초지(2,372㎏)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(2,266kg)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 8,881㎏으로 관행혼파초지(8,255㎏)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(7,314㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 얻었다(p<0.05). 2005년 5회 예취시의 식생비율은 관행 혼파초지는 orchardgrass는 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% 및 white clover 24%이었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% 및 red clover 31%이었고, 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 37%, 잔디형 초종 37%(tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.

비선택성 제초제 Glufosinate-ammonium 오용이 사과나무의 품종별 생육반응 및 수확에 미치는 영향

이인용(In-Yong Lee),박용석(Yong Seog Park),김성민(Sung Min Kim),강철아(Cheol Ah Kang),전병철(Byeong Chul Chun),박재읍(Jae-Eup Park) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.4

비선택성 제초제인 글루포시네이트암모늄액제를 농작업자의 오판에 의한 오용으로 사과나무에 직접 살포된 경우 품종별, 수령별로 나타나는 약해반응과 수확에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사과나무 품종에 따라 약해정도가 다르게 나타났다. 약제살포 당해연도에는 산사 > 쓰가루 > 홍로 > 후지 순으로, 약제살포 다음해에는 후지 > 쓰가루 > 홍로 > 산사 순으로 피해가 나타났으나, 그 피해정도는 당년에 비해 경미하였다. 이듬해, 후지에서는 꽃과 착과정도에서만 30%정도 감소하였으나 쓰가루, 홍로, 산사에서는 개화상태, 착과율 등에서 전혀 피해증상이 관찰되지 않았다. 약해를 받은 당년에 조생종 쓰가루와 중만생종후지 대상으로 각각 수확기 10일전에 사과 중 잔류량을 검사한 결과, 잔류량은 검출한계(0.04ppm) 미만이었다. 그리고 오용 2년 후(2009년)에는 후지, 쓰가루, 홍로, 산사 모두에서 약해증상이 나타나지 않았다. This study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxic reaction and the impact on the growth of apple fruit included the yield amount by misuse of non-selective herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium in apple field and for the study, 4 cultivars of apple were tested. The results showed that the highest phytotoxic degree was observed on Sansa-cultivar and then the degree was diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji in order in the application year. In one year after application, the highest phytotoxic degree was showed on Fuji and then diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Sansa in order. However, in one year after application, the phytotoxic symptom was negligible in comparison with the degree in the year of application and the flowering and fruiting were reduced 30% only in Fuji, but in the other cultivars, the phytotoxic symptoms were not observed. Meanwhile, the residue of glufosinate-ammonium was below the detection limit as 0.04ppm in all tested cultivars and in 2years after application, the phytotoxic symptom was not observed in all cultivars of the apple.

대전광역시 지역 노인의 주관적 동통 행태 조사

이인학(In Hak Lee),문덕흥(Duk Heung Moon) 한국노인복지학회 2001 노인복지연구 Vol.13 No.-

The present study was intended to provide the fundamental data, available in the field of the elderly health care, from the analysis of the actual conditions of pains among the el r)y in terms of their sociodemographic and life styles. The interviews, performed during the two-month period from June to July of 2000, included 635 individuals aged over 65 who live in Daejeon metropolitan city and contained information about the nature, location, severity, and frequency of their pains. The collected data were statistically processed using SPSSWIN(ver 10.0) according to the subjects` sociodemographic, psychological factors and various life styles. 1. In terms of subjective perception of pain, 76.9% of subjects had pain. Significantly higher pain rate of 86.3% were noticed in women than 64.7% in men (p=0.000), but significant difference was not found among age groups. According to the living conditions, pain rates were 88.4% in older persons living alone, followed in a decreasing order of frequency by 73.9% in those living at their homes, and 72.1% in those in nursing homes, with significant statistical difference (p=0.001). Higher level of education was related with significantly lower rate of pain(p=0.000) and significantly higher rate was found in those without spouses(82.8%) than with spouses(68.2.%) in terms of spouse status(p=0.000). 2. Based on classifications of pain severity, 31.8%, the most frequent, were mild and it was followed in a decreasing order of frequency by 29.7% f certain pain, 25.2% of severe pain, 11.3% of very severe pain, and 2.0% unbearable pain. The pain perception was more severe in women than in men, older aged groups than in younger ones, those living alone and in nursing homes than in those living at their homes. Greater severity was also found in those with lower level of education and without spouses than in their respective counterparts. 3. Based on psychological factors, greater severity was found in the groups who are dissatisfied with the present life situation, who have weak-willed in life, who have sense of isolation, and who have considered themselves as unhealthy than in their respective counterparts. On the basis of various life styles, greater severity was also revealed in the groups who don`t have go-outs, who smoke, who don`t drink, don`t exercise, and who are obese than in their respective counterparts. 4. Based on location of pain, greater severity was reported in the back, lower e extremities, and multiple sites than elsewhere. 5. Based on the subjective nature of pain, the 29.9%, the most frequent, of subjects described their pain as “pulling”, 26.0% “tingling”, 24.0% “heavy”, and 20.1% “throbbing”, with sexual difference. 6. The group who reported more severe pain had the higher rate of access to medical service and also had the higher rate of demand for medical service than the group who did not.