낙동강에서 유기오염 및 SS 농도 변화에 따른 DOC 농도 변화의 특성

이규열 ( Kyu Yeol Lee ),김주언 ( Ju Eon Kim ),이권철 ( Kwon Chul Lee ),이경락 ( Kyung Lak Lee ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),임태효 ( Tea Hyo Im ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Temporal increase of SS induces concentrations in various forms of organic matter including BOD, COD, TOC. Consequently, it causes hard to identify sources of water pollution during or after precipitation. The objective of this study is to investigate variations of DOC concentration caused by increase of flow and changes of external factors in river by comparing to SS concentration. In results, monitoring sites (e.g., Banbyeonchen) consisting of hard riverbed showed high correlation between SS and organic matters, except BOD. On the contrary, other sites (e.g., Naesungcheon) where riverbed consists of sand were found in a wide range of annual fluctuation in SS level, whereas these sites showed a narrow range in annual DOC fluctuation. In Gumhogang and Namgang, a lower correlation between SS and other factors was found most likely because of high concentration in organic matter. However, lower annual fluctuation values of DOC were observed in comparison to those of COD and TOC. Similar results were also confirmed in main river sites, Sangju and Mulgeum. In conclusion, DOC concentration is better indicator for monitoring organic matter which cannot be provided by BOD, COD, TOC in the Nakdong river basin.

질소 관비량 절감이 토마토 생육 및 수량에 미치는 효과

이인복 ( In Bog Lee ),임재현 ( Jae Hyun Lim ),박진면 ( Jin Myeon Park ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

To investigate the effect of N fertigation on the growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies during tomato cultivation, seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil under plastic film house condition. 0, 88, 132, 176, 220 kg ha-1 N rates, which correspond to 0 (NF0), 40 (NF40), 60 (NF60), 80 (NF80), 100% (NF100) N level of soil test-based N fertilization, were injected weekly through drip irrigation system for 15 weeks in N fertigation system, and the control (conventional N treatment) was installed for comparison. Herein, nitrogen was applied by top-dressing with 60% as a basal and 40% as additional fertilizer. There was little different in stem diameter growth among N fertigation treatments, but plant height and dry matter increased with increasing N fertigation rates as well as in N conventional treatment. Tomato yield was increased with increasing the number of marketable fruits in N fertigation treatments, and the fruit yield was maximized in NF 80 treatment (176 kg ha-1 N supply or 96.6 mg L-1 N injection). Dry matter productivity and nitrogen uptake amount were significantly increased with increasing N fertigation rates. The ratio of fruits to the dry weight of whole plant was decreased with increasing N fertigation rates, but this ratio was 2.6~5.3% higher in N fertigation treatments than in the control. In addition, the ratios of nitrogen distributed toward fruits in N fertigation treatments were 3.7~21.7% higher than that of control. The apparent N recovery percentages showed significantly higher values as 71.8~102.3% in N fertigation treatments, compared to 45% in N conventional treatment. Water use efficiency was significantly increased by fertigation system with the maximum 361 kg/ha cm-1 in NF 80, which is comparable to 324 kg/ha cm-1 of the conventional treatment. Conclusively, N fertigation system was effective on increasing tomato productivity and nutrient efficiency as well as 20% reduction of N fertilization level.

가정방문 물리치료의 필요성 및 요구하는 서비스의 특성

이인학(In Hak Lee),권춘숙(Chun Suk Kwon),한동욱(Dong Uck Han),김용건(Yong Gun Kim) 대한물리치료학회 1999 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the degree of demand and general features of services required of home visiting physical therapy for chronic ill patients. The study subjects were ambulatory and admitted patients treated with physical therapy at six general and one oriental hospitals, one welfare center, four health centers located in Taejon from March 2, 1999 to March 16. Authors developed structured questionnaire, and distributed it to each physical therapist of study organizations. Total number of distributed questionnaire was 500, and 405 questionnaire were collected and analysed finally. 1. 82.4% of patients and 90.0% of caregivers are showed that home visiting physical therapy was needed(P$lt;0.05) 2. The rate of necessity for home visiting physical therapy by kinds of disease was 94.9% in cerebral palsy, 95.0% in upper spinal cord injury, 83.3% in lower spinal cord injury, 84.5% in cerebral vascular accident, 89.6% in traumatic brain injury, 83.5% in other diseases. 3. In the general features of required service for home visiting physical therapy, 33.7% of patients and 34.4% of caregivers want special isolated physical therapy center, 33.1% of patients and 43.3% of caregivers want 3 times per week in frequency, 46.7% of patients and 45.0% of caregivers want 30-60minutes in treatment duration, and 48.0% of patients and 46.7% of caregivers want more intensive care than general hospitals. 4. In the working place of home visiting physical therapy, 36.1% of patients and 36.2% of caregivers wants physical therapist worked in general hospital. Also, 53.3% of Patients and 52.2% of caregivers answered no interested in physical therapist`s gender. The most preferential age of home visiting physical therapist is thirties in 43.2% of patients and 63.4% in caregivers

도시지역 노인들의 도구적 일상생활 수행능력(IADL)에 영향을 미치는 요인

이인학,문성기,김근조,박재영,Lee in hak,Moon Seng ki,Kim kun joo,Park Jae-Young 대한물리치료학회 2002 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study was intended to find out the factors affecting to the IADL, allowing objective assessment of physical function status of increasing elderly populations. The subjects of 635 elderly persons aged over 65 years old who live in Taejon metropolitan city were interviewed during the two-month period from June to July of 2000. The IADL of Older American Resources and Services(OARS), developed in Duke medical college of USA, was interpreted for use. The study results were statistically processed using SPSSWIN(ver 10.0) and conferred the following results: 1. Among the seven items of IADL, the women showed higher rates of 'yes' in items about using the telephone, getting to the places out of walking distance, going shopping for groceries, taking their own medicine while outnumbered by the men only in the item about managing their own money, without significant differences between them in items about preparing their own meals and doing their own housework. 2. In terms of IADL scores, $82.0\%$ of subjects showed the normal range of scores and $18.0\%$ were under the normal range, meaning dysfunction IADL. Specifications of general characteristics revealed that more dysfunctional were the male subjects, the higher age groups who are more than 75 years old, the higher educated groups, the groups who live in nursing homes, the groups without a spouse. 3. Based on daily activities, lower scores of IADL were found in the subjects who don't go out, who don't have recreational activities, who don't attend elderly gatherings in their neighborhood, who don't hold social meetings. Specifications of psychological traits revealed that more dysfunctional were IADL in the subjects who don't feel satisfied with their lives of the past or the present, who have a deep feeling of isolation, and who don't have the will to live. 4. Among 7 items of health habits, only the subjects who don't regular exercise had lower scores of IADL than those who do. According to HPI, the lower HPI, the more dysfunctional. 5. Based on the factors associated with IADL, the odds ratio of the subjects who don't live together with their families were 1.53 times that of the ones who do, who are educated 3.22 times that of the ones who are not, who don't have spouses 2.09 times that of the ones who do, who don't go out 4.35 times that of the ones who frequently go out, who don't recreational activities for an interest 2.64 times that of the ones who do, who don't attend elderly gatherings in their neighborhood 1.47 times that of the ones who do, who don't hold social meetings 2.23 times that of the ones who do, who don't feel satisfied with their present living 1.43 times that of the ones who do, who have a feeling of isolation 1.53times that of the ones who don'1, who have the weak will to live 3.21 times that of the ones who have the strong one, and who don't regular exercise 2.45 times that of the ones who do. 6. Logistic regression analysis of the study results found that such factors are significantly related as the degree of education, with/without spouse, social meetings, the will to live, and regular exercise, and that higher rates of dysfunctional subjects were in the more educated group, in the group without spouse, in the group who don't frequently go out, who don't have social meetings, who have the weak will to live, and who don't exercise.

유치 및 초기 영구치의 치수 신경분포

이인정,이재문,김현정,남순현,김영진,Lee, In-Jeong,Lee, Jae-Mun,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Nam, Soon-Hyun,Kim, Young-Jin 대한소아치과학회 1996 대한소아치과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of nerves in the dental pulp of early extracted primary teeth, normal exfoliated primary teeth, partially-erupted, nonfunctional, premolars, and erupted, functional, premolars. Numbers of sample were 10 teeth in each group. The distribution of nerves in the dental pulp were investigated by means of immunohisto chemistry for detection of neurofilament protein(NFP). The results were as follows: The early extracted primary teeth exhibited patterns of innervation similar to those observed for young permanent teeth. The plexiform arrangement of fibers was not evident in the primary teeth. Most nerves appear to terminate about the odontoblasts. As primary teeth began to undergo root resorption, degenerative changes such as vesicles and fragmentation appear in the nerves. The quantity of neural tissue also decreased. In teeth in which the roots were almost completely resorbed only a small number of nerves remain. There was a decrease in the number of terminal branches in the pulp of the partially erupted, nonfunctional, premolars and those present reached the pulpo-odontoblastic border. The nerve terminals in the pulp of the erupted, functional, premolars were traced to the dentinal tubule and a few nerve fibers formed loops in the predentin.

비선택성 제초제 Glufosinate-ammonium 오용이 사과나무의 품종별 생육반응 및 수확에 미치는 영향

이인용(In-Yong Lee),박용석(Yong Seog Park),김성민(Sung Min Kim),강철아(Cheol Ah Kang),전병철(Byeong Chul Chun),박재읍(Jae-Eup Park) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.4

비선택성 제초제인 글루포시네이트암모늄액제를 농작업자의 오판에 의한 오용으로 사과나무에 직접 살포된 경우 품종별, 수령별로 나타나는 약해반응과 수확에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사과나무 품종에 따라 약해정도가 다르게 나타났다. 약제살포 당해연도에는 산사 > 쓰가루 > 홍로 > 후지 순으로, 약제살포 다음해에는 후지 > 쓰가루 > 홍로 > 산사 순으로 피해가 나타났으나, 그 피해정도는 당년에 비해 경미하였다. 이듬해, 후지에서는 꽃과 착과정도에서만 30%정도 감소하였으나 쓰가루, 홍로, 산사에서는 개화상태, 착과율 등에서 전혀 피해증상이 관찰되지 않았다. 약해를 받은 당년에 조생종 쓰가루와 중만생종후지 대상으로 각각 수확기 10일전에 사과 중 잔류량을 검사한 결과, 잔류량은 검출한계(0.04ppm) 미만이었다. 그리고 오용 2년 후(2009년)에는 후지, 쓰가루, 홍로, 산사 모두에서 약해증상이 나타나지 않았다. This study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxic reaction and the impact on the growth of apple fruit included the yield amount by misuse of non-selective herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium in apple field and for the study, 4 cultivars of apple were tested. The results showed that the highest phytotoxic degree was observed on Sansa-cultivar and then the degree was diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji in order in the application year. In one year after application, the highest phytotoxic degree was showed on Fuji and then diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Sansa in order. However, in one year after application, the phytotoxic symptom was negligible in comparison with the degree in the year of application and the flowering and fruiting were reduced 30% only in Fuji, but in the other cultivars, the phytotoxic symptoms were not observed. Meanwhile, the residue of glufosinate-ammonium was below the detection limit as 0.04ppm in all tested cultivars and in 2years after application, the phytotoxic symptom was not observed in all cultivars of the apple.

1980년대 한국 현대도예 작품연구

이인진(Lee, in - chin),김진아(Kim, jin - ah) 한국조형디자인학회 2009 조형디자인연구 Vol.12 No.4

In 1980s, progressive, experimental, and creative ceramic art rapidly grew up owing to the development of technology and the increase of ceramic art population. Therefore, this paper purported to examine the inside of the modern ceramic art, differently from the existing efforts of having described only the external circumstances of the modern ceramic art, and further, it attempted to prepare systematic theoretical foundations for the modern ceramic art. The subject of this study is the works that were made and released through private exhibitions in 1980s, and craftsmen’s works, which reproduced Goryeo celadon porcelains, white porcelains, and grayish-blue-powdered porcelains, were excluded from the subject of this study. experts’interpretations of the works, it tried to infer the tendency of the works of the modern ceramic art in that period. Therefore, this paper examined Korean modern ceramic art in 1980s in three parts. That is, in the first chapter, it simply examined the circumstances of Korean modern art and ceramic art in that period, and in the second chapter, it examined the characteristics of Korean modern ceramic art in 1980s, together with the tendency of the works. In the last chapter, it studied more in detail about the characteristics and the meanings in the works in that period

Unit Dose Drug Distribution System의 도입을 통한 투약시스템의 질 향상 평가

이인향,이순실,이병구,최원자,홍성선,Lee, In Hyang,Lee, Soonsil,Lee, Byung Koo,Choi, Won Ja,Hong, Sung Sun 한국의료질향상학회 2001 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Background : A study comparing unit dose drug distribution system(UDS) versus traditional drug distribution system(TDS) was conducted in Seoul National University Hospital. The objectives of this study were to identify safer drug distribution system and to measure the efficiency of both systems in utilizing nursing and pharmacist's time. Methods : The study was designed to compare the data on medication errors, nursing time and pharmacists' time before and after implementation of the UDS in the internal medicine and otorhinolaryngology care units. The data on actual medications administered to patients were obtained by a disguised observer during the study period. The data collected were then compared with the physicians' orders to determine the rate of medication errors. In addition, using ten-minute interval work-sampling method nursing and pharmacists' time were measured. Results : About 6% of medications were administered incorrectly in the TDS, in comparison to 1.6% in the UDS. The rate of medication error decreased significantly in the UDS compared with the TDS. Mean times spent on medication-related activities by nurses were 34.1% in the TDS and 28.5% in the UDS. In the internal medicine care unit, nursing time associated with medications decreased significantly after the implementation of the UDS, but the reduction in medication-related nursing time in the otorhinolaryngology care unit was not significant. Pharmacist's medication-related work activities, increased from 2% in the TDS to 20% in the UDS. Pharmacist's time spent on therapy-related activities increased significantly. Conclusion : The rate of medication errors in the UDS decreased significantly compared with the TDS. Time spent on medication-related activities decreased for nurses while it increased for pharmacists. In summary, the UDS was estimated to be safer and to utilize of pharmacists' and nursing time more efficiently than the TDS.

대전광역시 지역 노인의 주관적 동통 행태 조사

이인학(In Hak Lee),문덕흥(Duk Heung Moon) 한국노인복지학회 2001 노인복지연구 Vol.13 No.-

The present study was intended to provide the fundamental data, available in the field of the elderly health care, from the analysis of the actual conditions of pains among the el r)y in terms of their sociodemographic and life styles. The interviews, performed during the two-month period from June to July of 2000, included 635 individuals aged over 65 who live in Daejeon metropolitan city and contained information about the nature, location, severity, and frequency of their pains. The collected data were statistically processed using SPSSWIN(ver 10.0) according to the subjects` sociodemographic, psychological factors and various life styles. 1. In terms of subjective perception of pain, 76.9% of subjects had pain. Significantly higher pain rate of 86.3% were noticed in women than 64.7% in men (p=0.000), but significant difference was not found among age groups. According to the living conditions, pain rates were 88.4% in older persons living alone, followed in a decreasing order of frequency by 73.9% in those living at their homes, and 72.1% in those in nursing homes, with significant statistical difference (p=0.001). Higher level of education was related with significantly lower rate of pain(p=0.000) and significantly higher rate was found in those without spouses(82.8%) than with spouses(68.2.%) in terms of spouse status(p=0.000). 2. Based on classifications of pain severity, 31.8%, the most frequent, were mild and it was followed in a decreasing order of frequency by 29.7% f certain pain, 25.2% of severe pain, 11.3% of very severe pain, and 2.0% unbearable pain. The pain perception was more severe in women than in men, older aged groups than in younger ones, those living alone and in nursing homes than in those living at their homes. Greater severity was also found in those with lower level of education and without spouses than in their respective counterparts. 3. Based on psychological factors, greater severity was found in the groups who are dissatisfied with the present life situation, who have weak-willed in life, who have sense of isolation, and who have considered themselves as unhealthy than in their respective counterparts. On the basis of various life styles, greater severity was also revealed in the groups who don`t have go-outs, who smoke, who don`t drink, don`t exercise, and who are obese than in their respective counterparts. 4. Based on location of pain, greater severity was reported in the back, lower e extremities, and multiple sites than elsewhere. 5. Based on the subjective nature of pain, the 29.9%, the most frequent, of subjects described their pain as “pulling”, 26.0% “tingling”, 24.0% “heavy”, and 20.1% “throbbing”, with sexual difference. 6. The group who reported more severe pain had the higher rate of access to medical service and also had the higher rate of demand for medical service than the group who did not.

대전지역에서 호밀과 헤어리베치의 파종유형별 사초의 건물수량 및 사료가치 비교연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 시험은 2002년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시초종은 청예용 호밀(Koolgrazer)과 헤어리베치(Common)를 공시하여 주구로 호밀 단파, 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파, 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파 및 헤어리베치 단파 등의 4 파종유형과 세구로 수잉기, 출수기, 개화기 및 유숙기 등의 4수확시기를 두어 분할구배치법 3반복으로 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, 호밀 단파구(9,776㎏)가 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파구(9,045㎏)나 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파구(8,272㎏) 및 헤어리베치 단파구(5,424㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었고, 모든 처리구에서 수확시기가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.01). 화학적 성분도 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, CP 함량과 DMD는 헤어리베치 단파구에서 높았던 반면에 섬유소물질의 함량은 가장 낮았으나, 호밀 단파구에서는 상반되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.01). 조단백질수량(CPDM)과 가소화건물(DDM) 수량은 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아, 호밀이나 헤어리베치의 단파 이용보다는 호밀에 헤어리베치를 20% 정도 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 단위 면적당 수량과 사료가치를 높일 수 있는 한가지 방법이라 하겠다. The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum utilization upon rye and hairy vetch crops in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of rye, hairy vetch, and rye + hairy vetch mixtures. The experiment was designed with split plots (main plot : seeding rate as rye mono culture, hairy vetch monoculture, rye 80%+hairy vetch 20%, rye 60%+hairy vetch 40%, and sub plot : 4 cutting stages as boot, heading, anthesis, milk). The average DM yield for 2 years had a difference on seeding rate and harvesting stages. The DM yield of rye monoculture was higher than those of the other seeding rates. There were significant increases in advanced stages in all treatments. In chemical composition, they also had a difference on seeding rates and growth stages. Hairy vetch monoculture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound than those of the other seeding rates (p<0.01). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter yield was higher in rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture when it was harvested at anthesis to milk stages. The results of this experiment indicated that when it was harvested at anthesis to the milk stages, rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area.